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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect on yield and dry-matter distribution of the stay-green characteristic in cultivars of forage maize grown in England (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Grass and forage science 58 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: To test whether or not the ‘stay-green’ (SG) characteristic confers benefits in terms of crop yield or distribution of dry matter (DM) in selected forage maize cultivars, an experiment was conducted in 1998 and 1999 at two sites in England: Writtle College, Essex and the University of Leeds, West Yorkshire. Five SG and five conventional (C) cultivars of forage maize were grown in replicated field-scale plots at each site in both years. One-metre lengths of single rows in each plot were harvested by hand, leaving a 20-cm stubble, on four occasions each year over 3-week periods (harvest 1 to harvest 4), prior to the harvest of the remainder of the fields. Plants were chopped, mixed and a subsample taken for determination of DM content by oven-drying. Mean yields of whole plant DM were similar between SG and C cultivars. Both yield of DM and proportion of ear in the total plant DM increased from harvest 1 to harvest 4 (P 〈 0·01). The increase in DM yield between harvest 1 and harvest 4 was greater for C than for SG cultivars (P 〈 0·05). Within sites there were no differences in the concentration of whole plant DM between SG and C cultivars, which increased from harvest 1 to harvest 4 (P 〈 0·001). The proportion of ear DM in the whole plant DM tended to be higher for C than for SG cultivars in both years and increased (P 〈 0·001) from harvest 1 to harvest 4. The concentration of DM in the ear fraction was higher (P 〈 0·05) for C than for SG cultivars. We conclude that differences between SG and C cultivars of forage maize are likely to be relatively small when grown in the English climate and harvested after the same growing period.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2494.2003.00377.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Recycling of sewage sludge to grassland: a review of the legislation to control of the localization and accumulation of potential toxic metals in grazing systems (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Grass and forage science 58 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: The recycling of sewage sludge or biosolids to grassland is strategically important in the European Union (EU) and its use is tightly regulated to control the risk of pathogen transfer to animals and the food chain. Sewage sludges not only contain valuable concentrations of beneficial nutrients, but also elevated concentrations of potentially toxic metals (PTM) compared with average background concentrations in the soil. The EC and UK regulations refer to six PTM, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni and Hg, with provisional regulations for Cr, that have to be controlled to prevent detrimental effects on soil and animal health. Despite these regulations, there is still a danger that grazing animals may ingest elevated concentrations of PTM. Biosolids may adhere to herbage after the surface application of sewage sludge to grassland. The repeated surface application of sewage sludge to grassland can lead to elevated concentrations of PTM at the soil surface that may be ingested, together with soil and herbage, by grazing ruminants. This may lead to accumulation of Cd or Pb in liver or kidney. The risk to the human food chain is considered to be low, but the impact on the environment is still unknown. There is little information, for example, on the amount of soil and PTMs that may become incorporated into conserved grass. At present EU and UK legislation and voluntary codes of practice have been developed to protect animal from pathogens in sewage sludge and to minimize any potential risks from accumulation of PTM. The background and implementation of the legislation are examined in this review, and the source and mechanisms of accumulation of PTM by the grazing animal are evaluated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2494.2003.00365.x
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Critical dynamics at the spin-density-wave transition of chromium : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 4802-4804 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Neutron scattering measurements of the critical fluctuations associated with the spin-density-wave transition at the Néel temperature, TN≈312 K, in a single-Q chromium crystal are reported. Critical fluctuations are observed emanating from allowed magnetic satellite positions and from satellite positions, corresponding to absent magnetic domains, at which no elastic scattering occurs. The inelastic scattering from these "silent satellites'' grows rapidly with increasing temperature, becoming equal to the allowed single-Q satellite scattering at TN. The line shapes of the inelastic scattering at both the allowed and silent satellites are found to be intrinsically asymmetric, reflecting the underlying nesting geometry of the Fermi surface. Energy scans at the silent satellite positions reveal a weakly temperature dependent, characteristic energy below which the observed scattering intensity falls rapidly to zero. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361677
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Investigating the relationship between the hair fiber proteome and hair quality (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 26 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Many hair characteristics (e.g. color and curl) are genetically determined. Here, we investigated whether hair quality is also genetically controlled and related to differences in hair composition. Female, Caucasian subjects (n = 292) were recruited into this study and segmented by self-perceived hair quality and by permanent colorant usage. Hair fibers were collected and characterized by amino acid analysis, dry tensile elastic modulus testing and two-dimensional electrophoresis of hair protein extracts.Protein analysis revealed a string of 66 kDa proteins that correlated with hair of high quality. Loss of low molecular weight (14–29 kDa) proteins increased with colorant usage, particularly in hair of low quality. Amino acid analysis showed that the levels of serine and threonine across all the subjects followed bimodal frequency distributions suggestive of a genetic influence. Overall, data suggested that perception of quality was linked to high serine and threonine levels. In addition, where hair was colored, quality was associated with lower cysteic acid levels. Lower cysteic acid levels were not linked to lower colorant usage and our data suggest that high quality hair may be more resistant to colorant damage. Elastic modulus was significantly higher in hair of higher quality (4.65 GPa) compared to all medium and low quality hair combined (4.3 GPa), P 〈 0.02. This suggests a link between altered hair composition and mechanical properties. In conclusion, the composition and mechanical properties of hair have been linked to hair quality. We hypothesize that hair quality is thus likely to be genetically determined. Understanding of the links between hair composition and its properties could be utilized in the future for designing products targeted to each individual's hair make-up, and for producing diagnostic tools for determining hair quality.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.2004.00230_3.x
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with low-ripple optical pump bands (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 3987-3989 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: We have used multilayer mirror optimization methods to enhance the coupling of pump light into vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). With previously reported devices, pump light was coupled into VCSEL cavities through interference notches in the mirror reflectance spectrum. This approach is sensitive to temperature dependent reflectance spectrum shifts. We have created devices with a wide pump-band window of low reflectance. We report the simulation, growth, and optically pumped lasing of such optimized low-ripple VCSELs. Further, broadband pump windows open the possibility of spectrally-broad optical pumps and they eliminate need for costly tunable pump lasers. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.117846
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Does post-laparoscopy pain relate to residual carbon dioxide? (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 51 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: We studied 20 day case gynaecological laparoscopy patients, who had an erect chest X ray taken before discharge. Patients were telephoned the next day for a semi-structured interview. Particular note was made of shoulder tip pain and pain relieved by changing posture. The X ray was analysed for measurements of the length of arc and height of the gas bubble under each hemi-diaphragm, from which an estimation of bubble volume was also made. We found statistically significant correlations between both the length of arc (p = 0.005) and volume of gas bubble (p = 0.008) on the right side, with the pain score. Residual gas can be a prominent cause of post-laparoscopy pain.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1996.tb07798.x
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Disappearance of intraperitoneal gas following gynaecological laparoscopy (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 57 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: We investigated 25 day case gynaecological laparoscopy patients to determine the duration of the pneumoperitoneum, the rate at which residual gas disappeared and the relative contribution of this gas to pain in the early postoperative period. The volume of gas was calculated from measurements of the subdiaphragmatic gas bubble obtained from an erect chest X-ray. Each patient was X-rayed twice, either immediately prior to discharge and at 24 h post laparoscopy, or at 24 h and 48 h post surgery. Patients were contacted by telephone at 24 and 48 h to confirm fitness to return for the X-ray and at the same time verbal pain and activity scores were recorded. We found that residual gas was almost entirely gone by 48 h following surgery and that it appeared to reduce in an exponential manner. The contribution of this gas to postoperative pain was significant in the first 24 h, but by 48 h it was considerably reduced. We conclude that in day case gynaecological laparoscopy patients, postoperative pneumoperitoneum is short-lived, and that by 48 h its volume and contribution to postoperative pain should be minimal.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2002.02358.x
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A Staphylococcus aureus paraspinal abscess associated with epidural analgesia in labour (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 56 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: A case is described in which a parturient developed a Staphylococcus aureus paraspinal abscess following epidural analgesia in labour. We compared this case with other reported cases of paraspinal abscesses in obstetric patients. The presentation, diagnosis and management of these cases were reviewed. Anaesthetists need to be aware that non-spinal−epidural abscesses can occur in patients with an associated labour epidural.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2001.02130-2.x
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weed shoot morphology effects on competitiveness for light in direct-seeded rice (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Weed research 41 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: The effects of weed shoot morphology on competitiveness for light in rice (Oryza sativa L.) have not been well described quantitatively and are difficult to study empirically. A rice:weed model was used to analyse the effects of weed leaf area densities (LAD; m2 m–3), leaf angles (as leaf light extinction coefficients, kleaf) and maximum heights (Hm, m) on growth and competition with rice. Weed morphologies were hypothetical but empirically based, as follows: LADs were skewed to the bottom or conical, kleaf values varied from 0.2 (erectophile) to 0.8 (planophile), and Hm values were 0.5HR, 1HR and 1.25HR, where HR was rice maximum height. Other parameters were equal to those of rice. Growth and competitiveness were evaluated using mature seed dry weights (g m–2). Short weeds and weeds with conical LADs were weakly competitive, regardless of other traits. For other weed types, interference with rice was positively related to Hm, LAD skewness and more planophile leaves. All three traits were critical determinants of weed interference but no single morphological trait guaranteed competitiveness. All else being equal, weeds with highly skewed LADs produced the most seed dry weight. Planophile leaves were particularly beneficial for short weeds, giving over five times more seed dry weight than erectophile leaves.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3180.2001.00228.x
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Phenotypic plasticity of Ammannia spp. in competition with rice (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 37 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: The annual broadleaved weeds Ammannia auriculata Wild, and A. coccinea Rottb. are widespread and competitive in California rice (Oryza sativa L.) fields. We studied Ammannia spp. biology in a greenhouse pot experiment. Weeds were grown alone and in competition with rice (cv. M–202), and harvested six times over 122 days. Compared with growth alone, competition reduced Ammannia spp. total plant dry weight (DW), shoot DW and leaf area in all but the first harvest. However, weed height differed at only one harvest (85 days after planting). Ammannia spp. responded to competition with increased shoot:root DW ratios, increased stem:other shoot DW ratios, decreased stem diameters, fewer but elongated internodes and fewer branches. This suggests that light capture was more important than nutrient capture for maintaining Ammannia spp. growth. The weeds appear to lodge easily in rice fields because competitive growth responses make them top heavy and unstable. Weed seed DW declined by 97% in competition, which showed the importance of crop interference to Ammannia spp. control. Plasticity may help Ammannia spp. to escape common control practices (e.g. high crop plant densities or early herbicide application), and probably contributes to its widespread distribution. Thus, Ammannia spp. plasticity should be more fully considered when designing management strategies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1997.tb01820.x
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