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  • 1
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    Global change: Monsoon linkages (2003)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 421 (6921). pp. 324-325.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-19
    Description: An excellent sediment record from the Arabian Sea traces recent patterns in the activity of the Asian monsoon. It reveals both variability in monsoon strength and links with climatic events elsewhere. The monsoon is the main determinant of environmental conditions over much of Asia, and so affects the most densely populated region on Earth. Differential heating of the north Indian Ocean and the northwest Pacific, and of the Asian land-mass, cause the seasonal reversal of monsoon winds. In summer, these winds blow northwards over the northern Indian Ocean, carrying huge amounts of moisture over the neighbouring land. The ensuing heavy rainfall can have devastating consequences for human life and livelihood. Conversely, agriculture in Asia depends on monsoon rains; and the seasonal upwelling of nutrient-laden subsurface waters, driven by monsoon winds, is essential to the success of coastal fisheries.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1038/421324a
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 2
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    Suborbital intermediate water variability inferred from paired benthic foraminiferal Cd/Ca and δ13C in the tropical West Atlantic and linking with North Atlantic climates (2002)
    Elsevier
    In:  Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 200 (1-2). pp. 191-205.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-15
    Description: Paired benthic Cd/Ca and δ13C records have been generated along core M35003 in the western tropical Atlantic. Decreased glacial water column dissolved cadmium (Cdw) and increased benthic δ13C indicate enhanced ventilation with nutrient-deplete intermediate waters, in line with similar inferences from other North Atlantic mid-depth records. An abrupt early deglacial δ13C collapse that is associated with a marked positive Cdw anomaly indicates a transient collapse of mid-depth ventilation from North Atlantic sources, conceivably in conjunction with the H1 meltwater anomaly. The Cdw record displays fine-scale fluctuations that mimic the Greenland Dansgaard/Oeschger (D/O) cycles and show decreased Cdw during stadials. This pattern is opposite to Cdw variations in a deep water record from Bermuda Rise that display increased Cdw concentrations during stadials. The divergent pattern between mid-depth and deep water Cdw records indicates millennial-scale switches between deep and shallow convection in the glacial North Atlantic, at the pace of the D/O climatic cycles. Several high-amplitude anomalies occur in the Cdw record that reach levels similar to those observed today in the North Pacific. While a substantial nutrient increase in the mid-depth North Atlantic cannot be ruled out during these events, changes of pore water chemistry and Cd/P fractionation during biological uptake offer alternative scenarios to explain the peak Cdw maxima.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00613-1
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    Three hundred eighty thousand year long stable isotope and faunal records from the Red Sea: Influence of global sea level change on hydrography (1996)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Paleoceanography, 11 (2). pp. 147-156.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-06
    Description: Stable isotope and faunal records from the central Red Sea show high-amplitude oscillations for the past 380,000 years. Positive δ18O anomalies indicate periods of significant salt buildup during periods of lowered sea level when water mass exchange with the Arabian Sea was reduced due to a reduced geometry of the Bab el Mandeb Strait. Salinities as high as 53‰ and 55‰ are inferred from pteropod and benthic foraminifera δ18O, respectively, for the last glacial maximum. During this period all planktonic foraminifera vanished from this part of the Red Sea. Environmental conditions improved rapidly after 13 ka as salinities decreased due to rising sea level. The foraminiferal fauna started to reappear and was fully reestablished between 9 ka and 8 ka. Spectral analysis of the planktonic δ18O record documents highest variance in the orbital eccentricity, obliquity, and precession bands, indicating a dominant influence of climatically - driven sea level change on environmental conditions in the Red Sea. Variance in the precession band is enhanced compared to the global mean marine climate record (SPECMAP), suggesting an additional influence of the Indian monsoon system on Red Sea climates.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/95PA03838
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Thermohaline instability in the North Atlantic during meltwater events: Stable isotope and ice-rafted detritus records from Core SO75-26KL, Portuguese Margin (1997)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Paleoceanography, 12 (5). pp. 696-710.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-10
    Description: A benthic isotope record has been measured for core SO75-26KL from the upper Portuguese margin (1099 m water depth) to monitor the response of thermohaline overturn in the North Atlantic during Heinrich events. Evaluating benthic δ18O in TS diagrams in conjunction with equilibrium δc fractionation implies that advection of Mediterranean outflow water (MOW) to the upper Portuguese margin was significantly reduced during the last glacial (〈 15% compared to 30% today). The benthic isotope record along core SO75-26KL therefore primarily monitors variability of glacial North Atlantic conveyor circulation. The 14C-accelerator mass spectrometry ages of 13.54±.07 and 20.46±.12 ka for two ice-rafted detritus (IRD) layers in the upper core section and an interpolated age of 36.1 ka for a third IRD layer deeper in the core are in the range of published 14C ages for Heinrich events H1, H2, and H4. Marked depletion of benthic δ13C by 0.7–1.1‰ during the Heinrich events suggests reduced thermohaline overturn in the North Atlantic during these events. Close similarity between meltwater patterns (inferred from planktonic δ18O) at Site 609 and ventilation patterns (inferred from benthic δ13C) in core SO75-26KL implies coupling between thermohaline overturn and surface forcing, as is also suggested by ocean circulation models. Benthic δ13C starts to decrease 1.5–2.5 kyr before Heinrich events Hl and H4, fully increased values are reached 1.5–3 kyr after the events, indicating a successive slowdown of thermohaline circulation well before the events and resumption of the conveyor's full strength well after the events. Benthic δ13C changes in the course of the Heinrich events show subtle maxima and minima suggesting oscillatory behavior of thermohaline circulation, a distinct feature of thermohaline instability in numerical models. Inferrred gradual spin-up of thermohaline circulation after Hl and H4 is in contrast to abrupt wanning in the North Atlantic region that is indicated by sudden increases in Greenland ice core δ18O and in marine faunal records from the northern North Atlantic. From this we infer that thermohaline circulation can explain only in part the rapid climatic oscillations seen in glacial sections of the Greenland ice core record.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/97PA00581
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    Late Glacial to Holocene history of the Mediterranean Outflow. Evidence from benthic foraminiferal assemblages and stable isotopes at the Portuguese margin (2000)
    Elsevier
    In:  Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 159 (1-2). pp. 85-111.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-07
    Description: Records of benthic foraminiferal assemblage variations and benthic δ13C along 12 sediment cores from the western Iberian Margin, between 36° and 42°N at water depths from 820 to 3580 m, are used to monitor fluctuations of the Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW) during the past 30 ka. The chronostratigraphy of the cores is based on planktonic δ18O records, 14C AMS-dating, and the recognition of Heinrich Events H1 through H4. Increased abundances of suspension feeding benthic foraminifers, denoted as ’Epibenthos Group‘, closely match areas where the recent MOW core layers impinge on the continental slope at 800 and 1300 m water depth, and near-bottom current velocities are enhanced. Elevated ‘Epibenthos Group’ abundances, increased benthic δ13C, and sedimentological evidence for winnowing and erosion are found in glacial sections up to the earliest Termination I in cores at water depths between 1600 and 2200 m off southern Portugal. The combined evidence reveals enhanced current activity at these depths due to a deep glacial MOW. The MOW advection at the Portuguese margin during the last Glacial was about 700 m deeper than today, conceivably forced by increased MOW density due to higher salinity and colder temperatures of Mediterranean waters. The deep MOW current gradually decreased in strength and shoaled to 1300 m water depth during the Termination and early Holocene. A shallow MOW core layer became active with the onset of Termination I at depths between 600 and 1000 m. Both the shallow and deep MOW current culminated during the Younger Dryas period. The present flow pattern with two MOW core layers centred at 800 and 1300 m water depth was established between 7.5 and 5.5 ka.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/S0031-0182(00)00035-3
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 6
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    Moderne Studien zur Erfassung der Klimabedingungen der geologischen Vergangenheit (1999)
    Institut für Polarökologie Kiel
    In:  Mitteilungen zur Kieler Polarforschung, 15 . pp. 23-25.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - without review
  • 7
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    North Atlantic 1997, Cruise No. 39, 18 April - 14 September 1997 [M39] (1999)
    Leitstelle Meteor
    In:  Meteor-Berichte, 99-1 . Leitstelle Meteor, Hamburg, Germany, 197 pp.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-04-21
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Report - other report
  • 8
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    Paläo-Ozeanographie (2001)
    GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam
    In:  In: Klimaweißbuch : Klimainformationen aus geowissenschaftlicher Forschung (Fallstudien) ; Stand und notwendige Erfordernisse der Paläoklimaforschung. , ed. by Negendank, J. F. W. Terra Nostra, 2001,7 . GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, Potsdam, pp. 53-57.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-23
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Book chapter
  • 9
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    North Atlantic thermohaline circulation during the last glacial period : evidence for coupling between meltwater events and convective instability (1997)
    GEOMAR Forschungszentrum für marine Geowissenschaften
    In:  (Professorial dissertation), Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel, 139 pp . GEOMAR-Report, 063 . DOI 10.3289/GEOMAR_REP_63_1997 〈http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/GEOMAR_REP_63_1997〉.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Type: Thesis , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.3289/GEOMAR_REP_63_1997
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    OceanRep: Thesis - not published by a publisher
  • 10
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    Surface and deep water response to rapid climate changes at the Western Iberian Margin (2003)
    Elsevier
    In:  Global and Planetary Change, 36 . pp. 237-264.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-09-13
    Description: Rapid climate changes at the onset of the last deglaciation and during Heinrich Event H4 were studied in detail at IMAGES cores MD95-2039 and MD95-2040 from the Western Iberian margin. A major reorganisation of surface water hydrography, benthic foraminiferal community structure, and deepwater isotopic composition commenced already 540 years before the Last Isotopic Maximum (LIM) at 17.43 cal. ka and within 670 years affected all environments. Changes were initiated by meltwater spill in the Nordic Seas and northern North Atlantic that commenced 100 years before concomitant changes were felt off western Iberia. Benthic foraminiferal associations record the drawdown of deepwater oxygenation during meltwater and subsequent Heinrich Events H1 and H4 with a bloom of dysoxic species. At a water depth of 3380 m, benthic oxygen isotopes depict the influence of brines from sea ice formation during ice-rafting pulses and meltwater spill. The brines conceivably were a source of ventilation and provided oxygen to the deeper water masses. Some if not most of the lower deep water came from the South Atlantic. Benthic foraminiferal assemblages display a multi-centennial, approximately 300-year periodicity of oxygen supply at 2470-m water depth. This pattern suggests a probable influence of atmospheric oscillations on the thermohaline convection with frequencies similar to Holocene climate variations. For Heinrich Events H1 and H4, response times of surface water properties off western Iberia to meltwater injection to the Nordic Seas were extremely short, in the range of a few decades only. The ensuing reduction of deepwater ventilation commenced within 500–600 years after the first onset of meltwater spill. These fast temporal responses lend credence to numerical simulations that indicate ocean–climate responses on similar and even faster time scales.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/S0921-8181(02)00197-2
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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