Note: Front cover -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Table of contents -- FOREWORD -- PREFACE -- ABOUT THE EDITORS -- CONTRIBUTORS -- PART I: Introduction -- 1: The Merging of Metapopulation Theory and Marine Ecology: Establishing the Historical Context -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES BETWEEN MARINE AND TERRESTRIAL SYSTEMS -- A. DESCRIBING ACTUAL SPATIAL POPULATION PROCESSES AND STRUCTURES -- B. A FRAMEWORK FOR ASKING RESEARCH QUESTIONS -- C. A PARADIGM FOR POPULATION AND CONSERVATION BIOLOGY -- D. APPLICATIONS TO MARINE POPULATIONS -- III. HISTORY AND EFFECTS OF PREDOMINANT RESEARCH QUESTIONS IN MARINE ECOLOGY -- IV. CONSERVATION AND FISHERIES MANAGEMENT INFLUENCES ON MARINE ECOLOGY -- A. SCALE OF STUDY -- B. SPATIAL RESOLUTION -- C. MARINE PROTECTED AREAS -- V. SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- PART II: Fishes -- 2: The Metapopulation Ecology of Coral Reef Fishes -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. SPATIAL STRUCTURE -- A. GEOGRAPHIC EXTENT -- B. SPATIAL SUBDIVISION -- C. INTERPATCH SPACE -- III. BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF CORAL REEF FISHES -- A. POSTSETTLEMENT LIFE STAGES -- B. DISPERSAL AND CONNECTIVITY -- C. METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS -- IV. FACTORS DISSOLVING METAPOPULATION STRUCTURE -- A. SPAWNING AGGREGATIONS -- B. NURSERY HABITATS -- V. SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- 3: Temperate Rocky Reef Fishes -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND THE TYPES AND DISTRIBUTION OF TEMPERATE REEF HABITAT -- A. SUBDUCTION, VOLCANISM, AND FAULTING -- B. GLACIATION -- C. FLUVIAL AND DYNAMIC SUBMARINE EROSIVE PROCESSES -- III. TEMPERATE REEF FISH COMMUNITIES -- A. BIOGEOGRAPHIC PROVINCES AND TEMPERATE REEF FISH COMMUNITIES -- B. DEPTH AS A MASTER VARIABLE IN TEMPERATE REEF FISH COMMUNITIES -- C. TYPICAL FISH FAUNA OF TEMPERATE ROCKY REEF COMMUNITIES -- IV. THE ROLE OF OCEANOGRAPHY IN METAPOPULATION STRUCTURING -- A. MAJOR OCEANOGRAPHIC DOMAINS. , B. DISPERSAL AND RETENTION MECHANISMS -- V. CLIMATE, CLIMATE CYCLES, AND HISTORICAL METAPOPULATION STRUCTURING -- VI. THE ROLE OF LIFE HISTORY IN METAPOPULATION STRUCTURING -- A. EARLY LIFE HISTORY -- B. JUVENILES -- C. ADULTS -- D. LONGEVITY -- VII. EMPIRICAL APPROACHES TO MEASURING DISPERSAL AND METAPOPULATION STRUCTURE -- VIII. POPULATION GENETIC STUDIES IN NORTH PACIFIC ROCKY REEF FISHES -- IX. HUMAN IMPACTS -- X. FUTURE DIRECTIONS FOR METAPOPULATION STUDIES OF TEMPERATE REEF FISHES -- REFERENCES -- 4: Estuarine and Diadromous Fish Metapopulations -- I. INTRODUCTION TO METAPOPULATION CONCEPTS IN ESTUARINE AND DIADROMOUS FISH -- II. MECHANISMS THAT FORM DISTINCT POPULATIONS -- III. TOOLS TO QUANTIFY MIGRATION IN DIADROMOUS FISH -- A. GENETICS -- B. ARTIFICIAL TAGS -- C. NATURAL TAGS WITH EMPHASIS ON OTOLITH-GEOCHEMICAL TAGS -- IV. DIADROMOUS FISH EXEMPLIFY METAPOPULATION THEORY -- A. SALMONIDS -- B. ALOSINES -- C. COMPARING SALMONIDS AND ALOSINE HERRINGS -- D. SCIAENIDS -- E. ATHERINIDS -- V. VALUE OF THE METAPOPULATION CONCEPT IN UNDERSTANDING AND MANAGING DIADROMOUS FISHERIES -- A. CONSERVATION OF LOCAL POPULATIONS -- B. HISTORICAL MANAGEMENT OF LOCAL POPULATIONS IN A FISHERIES CONTEXT -- C. MIXED-STOCK ANALYSIS -- D. EFFECT OF DEMOGRAPHY ON METAPOPULATION MANAGEMENT -- E. MARINE PROTECTED AREAS AS A SPATIAL MANAGEMENT TOOL -- F. C AN FISHERIES BE MANAGED AS METAPOPULATIONS? -- VI. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- PART III: Invertebrates -- 5: Metapopulation Dynamics of Hard Corals -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. STRUCTURE OF THIS CHAPTER -- III. SUMMARY OF MODEL STRUCTURE AND PARAMETERIZATION -- IV. EXISTING MODELS OF DYNAMICS ON CORAL REEFS -- V. DEVELOPMENT OF A PROTOTYPE MODEL OF SPATIALLY STRUCTURED CORAL REEF COMMUNITIES -- A. SCALES -- B. REPRODUCTION -- C. CONNECTIVITY -- D. RECRUITMENT -- E. GROWTH -- F. M ORTALITY. , G. COMPETITION (AND MODELING THE DYNAMICS OF COMPETITORS) -- H. HERBIVORY -- VI. TESTING THE MODEL: PHASE SHIFTS IN COMMUNITY STRUCTURE -- VII. SENSITIVITY OF MODEL TO INITIAL CONDITIONS -- VIII. EXPLORATION OF MODEL BEHAVIOR -- A. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN INITIAL CORAL COVER, ALGAL OVERGROWTH RATE, CORAL GROWTH RATE, AND HERBIVORY -- B. RECRUITMENT SCENARIO AND OVERFISHING OF HERBIVORES -- C. IMPACT OF HURRICANE FREQUENCY ON LOCAL DYNAMICS -- D. EFFECT OF REDUCED HURRICANE FREQUENCY ON A RESERVE NETWORK -- IX. SUMMARY -- X. ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- 6: Population and Spatial Structure of Two Common Temperate Reef Herbivores: Abalone and Sea Urchins -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. LIFE HISTORY -- A. ABALONE -- B. SEA URCHINS -- III. LARVAL DISPERSAL AND SETTLEMENT -- A. ABALONE -- B. SEA URCHINS -- C. SUMMARY OF LARVAL DISPERSAL -- IV. POPULATION GENETICS -- A. ABALONE -- B. SEA URCHINS -- C. SUMMARY OF GENETICS -- V. SPATIAL VARIABILITY IN ADULT DISTRIBUTIONS AND DEMOGRAPHICS -- A. ABALONE: ADULT HABITAT AND SPATIAL STRUCTURE -- B. SEA URCHINS: ADULT HABITAT AND SPATIAL STRUCTURE -- VI. FISHING AND MANAGEMENT -- A. ABALONE -- B. SEA URCHINS -- C. OPTIMAL HARVESTING OF INVERTEBRATE METAPOPULATIONS -- VII. SUMMARY -- VIII. ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- 7: Rocky Intertidal Invertebrates: The Potential for Metapopulations within and among Shores -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. PATCH MODELS -- III. WITHIN-SHORE METAPOPULATIONS -- IV. METAPOPULATIONS AT DIFFERENT SCALES -- V. MEASURED SCALES OF VARIABILITY -- VI. SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- 8: Metapopulation Dynamics of Coastal Decapods -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. DECAPOD LIFE HISTORIES -- III. IDENTIFYING DECAPOD METAPOPULATIONS -- IV. CASE STUDIES -- A. AMERICAN LOBSTER (HOMARUS AMERICANUS) -- B. BLUE CRAB (CALLINECTES SAPIDUS) -- C. DUNGENESS CRAB (CANCER MAGISTER) -- D. PINK SHRIMP (PANDALUS BOREALIS). , V. DISCUSSION -- VI. SUMMARY -- VII. ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- 9: A Metapopulation Approach to Interpreting Diversity at Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. VENT SYSTEMS AS METAPOPULATIONS -- A. DYNAMICS AND DISTRIBUTION OF VENT HABITAT -- B. DISPERSAL AND COLONIZATION -- III. SPECIES INTERACTIONS -- IV. BIOGEOGRAPHY AND DIVERSITY -- V. METAPOPULATION MODELS FOR VENT FAUNAL DIVERSITY -- A. A NULL MODEL -- B. FACILITATION -- VI. SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- PART IV: Plants and Algae -- 10: A Metapopulation Perspective on the Patch Dynamics of Giant Kelp in Southern California -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. DYNAMICS OF GIANT KELP POPULATIONS -- III. FACTORS AFFECTING COLONIZATION -- A. LIFE HISTORY CONSTRAINTS -- B. MODES OF COLONIZATION -- C. SPORE PRODUCTION, RELEASE, AND COMPETENCY -- D. POSTSETTLEMENT PROCESSES -- IV. SPORE DISPERSAL -- A. FACTORS AFFECTING COLONIZATION DISTANCE -- B. EMPIRICAL ESTIMATES OF SPORE DISPERSAL -- C. MODELED ESTIMATES OF SPORE DISPERSAL -- V. CONNECTIVITY AMONG LOCAL POPULATIONS -- VI. SUMMARY -- VII. ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- 11: Seagrasses and the Metapopulation Concept: Developing a Regional Approach to the Study of Extinction, Colonization, and Dispersal -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. SEAGRASS REPRODUCTION -- III. PATCHES: COLONIZATION AND EXTINCTION -- IV. EXAMPLES OF POTENTIAL SEAGRASS METAPOPULATIONS -- A. HALOPHILA DECIPIENS ON THE WEST FLORIDA SHELF: A LOCAL POPULATION THAT EXHIBITS PATCH EXTINCTION AND REGIONAL RECRUITMENT -- B. PHYLLOSPADIX SCOULERI ON EXPOSED PACIFIC SHORES: REGIONAL PATTERNS OF SUITABLE SITES EXIST AMONG A MATRIX OF UNSUITABLE SITES -- PATCH EXTINCTION DOCUMENTED -- C. HALOPHILA JOHNSONII IN SOUTHEASTERN FLORIDA: A WELL-DEFINED REGIONAL POPULATION WITH LIMITED DISPERSAL BETWEEN PATCHES -- EXTINCTION OF PATCHES DOCUMENTED. , V. THE METAPOPULATION MODEL AND SEAGRASS POPULATIONS: A USEFUL CONCEPT? -- A. COLLECTION OF GOOD INFORMATION ON SPATIAL ORGANIZATION OF SEAGRASSES -- B. COLLECTION OF GENETIC INFORMATION TO HELP ANALYZE SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF A POPULATION -- C. SEED DORMANCY: A SPECIAL PROBLEM FOR PLANT POPULATIONS -- VI. SUMMARY -- VII. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- PART V: Perspectives -- 12: Conservation Dynamics of Marine Metapopulations with Dispersing Larvae -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. SINGLE POPULATION PERSISTENCE -- III. METAPOPULATION PERSISTENCE -- A. CONSEQUENCES FOR THE DISTRIBUTION OF MEROPLANKTONIC SPECIES -- B. CONSEQUENCES FOR THE SUCCESS OF MARINE RESERVES -- IV. ROLE OF VARIABILITY -- V. DISCUSSION -- VI. SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- 13: Genetic Approaches to Understanding Marine Metapopulation Dynamics -- I. INTRODUCTION -- A. SUBDIVISION IN MARINE POPULATIONS -- B. THE ISLAND MODEL AND ITS LIMITATIONS -- II. DELINEATING POPULATIONS -- III. INFERRING PATTERNS OF CONNECTIVITY -- IV. INFERRING NONEQUILIBRIUM POPULATION DYNAMICS -- A. POPULATION EXTINCTION AND RECOLONIZATION -- B. SOURCE-SINK RELATIONSHIPS -- C. MIXING IN THE PLANKTON AND THE GENETICS OF LARVAL COHORTS -- V. SUMMARY -- VI. ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- 14: Metapopulation Dynamics and Community Ecology of Marine Systems -- I. INTRODUCTION -- A. SCALE OF DISPERSAL -- B. DISPERSAL AND POPULATION DYNAMICS -- C. RELEVANCE TO MARINE METACOMMUNITIES -- II. METACOMMUNITIES AND SPECIES-AREA RELATIONSHIPS -- A. BACKGROUND -- B. RELEVANCE TO MARINE METACOMMUNITIES -- C. REGIONAL-SCALE DIFFERENTIATION -- D. SUMMARY -- III. METACOMMUNITIES AND LOCAL-REGIONAL SPECIES RICHNESS RELATIONSHIPS -- A. BACKGROUND -- B. RELEVANCE TO MARINE METACOMMUNITIES -- C. EFFECTS OF TRANSPORT PROCESSES AND RELATIVE ISLAND POSITION -- D. SUMMARY -- IV. METACOMMUNITIES AND RELATIVE SPECIES ABUNDANCE PATTERNS. , A. BACKGROUND.