Note: Intro -- Contents -- Foreword by Paul Ehrlich -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1. Cultural Connections -- 2. A Crow Is a Crow, or Is It? -- 3. Intertwined Ecologies and Mutual Destinies -- 4. Inspiration for Legend, Literature, Art, and Language -- 5. The Social Customs and Culture of Crows -- 6. Communication and Culture -- 7. Reaping What We Sow -- 8. Centering the Balance -- 9. Future Interactions -- Appendix 1. : Making Observations to Learn -- Appendix 2. :Children's Books That Involve Crows and Ravens -- Notes -- References -- Index.

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Note: Front cover -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Experimental Realization of the BCS-BEC Crossover with a Fermi Gas of Atoms -- 1. Introduction -- 2. BCS-BEC Crossover Physics -- 3. Feshbach Resonances -- 4. Cooling a Fermi Gas and Measuring its Temperature -- 5. Elastic Scattering near Feshbach Resonances between Fermionic Atoms -- 6. Creating Molecules from a Fermi Gas of Atoms -- 7. Inelastic Collisions near a Fermionic Feshbach Resonance -- 8. Creating Condensates from a Fermi Gas of Atoms -- 9. The Momentum Distribution of a Fermi Gas in the Crossover -- 10. Conclusions and Future Directions -- 11. Acknowledgements -- 12. References -- Chapter 2. Deterministic Atom-Light Quantum Interface -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Atom-Light Interaction -- 3. Quantum Information Protocols -- 4. Experimental Methods -- 5. Experimental Results -- 6. Conclusions -- 7. Acknowledgements -- 8. Appendices -- A. Effect of Atomic Motion -- B. Technical Details -- 9. References -- Chapter 3. Cold Rydberg Atoms -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Preparation and Analysis of Cold Rydberg-Atom Clouds -- 3. Collision-Induced Rydberg-Atom Gas Dynamics -- 4. Towards Coherent Control of Rydberg-Atom Interactions -- 5. Rydberg-Atom Trapping -- 6. Experimental Realization of Rydberg-Atom Trapping -- 7. Landau Quantization and State Mixing in Cold, Strongly Magnetized Rydberg Atoms -- 8. Conclusion -- 9. Acknowledgements -- 10. References -- Chapter 4. Non-Perturbative Quantal Methods for Electron-Atom Scattering Processes -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Configuration-Average Distorted-Wave Method -- 3. The R-Matrix with Pseudo-States Method -- 4. The Time-Dependent Close-Coupling Method -- 5. Results -- 6. Summary -- 7. Acknowledgements -- 8. References -- Chapter 5. R-Matrix Theory of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Processes -- 1. Introduction. , 2. Electron Atom Scattering at Low Energies -- 3. Electron Scattering at Intermediate Energies -- 4. Atomic Photoionization and Photorecombination -- 5. Electron Molecule Scattering -- 6. Positron Atom Scattering -- 7. Atomic and Molecular Multiphoton Processes -- 8. Electron Energy Loss from Transition Metal Oxides -- 9. Conclusions -- 10. Acknowledgements -- 11. References -- Chapter 6. Electron-Impact Excitation of Rare-Gas Atoms from the Ground Level and Metastable Levels -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Electronic Structure -- 3. Experimental Methods -- 4. Background: Excitation of Helium and the Multipole Field Picture -- 5. Argon -- 6. Neon -- 7. Krypton -- 8. Xenon -- 9. Comparison to Theoretical Calculations -- 10. Conclusions -- 11. Acknowledgements -- 12. References -- Chapter 7. Internal Rotation in Symmetric Tops -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theory -- 3. Spectroscopy from 50 kHz to 1000 cm-1 -- 4. Discussion -- 5. Acknowledgements -- 6. References -- Chapter 8. Attosecond and Angstrom Science -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Tunnel Ionization and Electron Re-collision -- 3. Producing and Measuring Attosecond Optical Pulses -- 4. Measuring an Attosecond Electron Pulse -- 5. Attosecond Imaging -- 6. Imaging Electrons and Their Dynamics -- 7. Conclusion -- 8. References -- Chapter 9. Atomic Processing of Optically Carried RF Signals -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Radio Frequency Spectral Analyzers -- 3. Spectrum Photography Architecture -- 4. Frequency Selective Materials as Programmable Filters -- 5. Rainbow Analyzer -- 6. Photon Echo Chirp Transform Spectrum Analyzer -- 7. Frequency Agile Laser Technology -- 8. Conclusion -- 9. Acknowledgements -- 10. References -- Chapter 10. Controlling Optical Chaos, Spatio-Temporal Dynamics, and Patterns -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Recent Examples -- 3. Control -- 4. Synchronization -- 5. Communication. , 6. Spatio-Temporal Chaos and Patterns -- 7. Outlook -- 8. Acknowledgement -- 9. References -- Index -- Contents of Volumes in this Serial.

Note: Cover -- Copyright -- Acknowledgments -- Abstract and Benefits -- Table of Contents -- List of Tables -- List of Figures -- List of Acronyms -- Executive Summary -- Chapter 1.0: Introduction -- Chapter 2.0: Silver Chemistry -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Inorganic Ag Speciation -- 2.2.1 Silver-Sulfide Chemistry -- 2.3 Complexation with NOM -- 2.3.1 Silver Speciation Measurements -- 2.3.2 Calibration to Weak NOM Binding Sites -- 2.4 Summary -- Chapter 3.0: Toxicity Tests in Modified Lab Waters -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1 BLM Calibration Approach -- 3.1.2 BLM Version -- 3.2 Ceriodaphnia dubia Test Results -- 3.3 P. promelas Test Results -- 3.4 Analysis of the Proof of Principle Tests Results and Protection by Sulfide -- 3.4.1 Proof of Principle Experiment with D. magna -- 3.4.2 Proof of Principle Experiment with Rainbow Trout -- 3.5 Summary -- Chapter 4.0: Toxicity Tests in Natural Waters -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Natural Water Testing and Related Investigations -- 4.2.1 Dataset 1: C. dubia in Natural Waters and Water with Reconstituted NOM -- 4.2.2 Dataset 2- C. dubia and P. promelas in Natural Waters from North America -- 4.3 Summary -- Chapter 5.0: Discussion, Conclusions and Recommendations -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Discussion -- 5.2.1 Interactions of Ag with Sulfide and NOM-binding Sites -- 5.2.2 Effect of Size/Age on Sensitivity to Silver -- 5.2.3 Effect of Ionic Strength on Sensitivity to Silver -- 5.2.4 Effect of Cl- on Silver Toxicity -- 5.2.5 Overall Consistency and Applicability of the BLM -- 5.2.6 Are Increasing Concentrations of Competing Cations and Complexing Ligands Protective Against Ag Toxicity? -- 5.3 Progress Towards the Achievement of Management Objectives -- 5.4 Conclusions and Recommendations -- Appendix A: List of Project Manuscripts -- Appendix B: Laboratory and Natural Water Test Results: Data Summary -- References.

Note: Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Prologue -- Ch. 1: Darwin's Legacy and Mendel's Mechanism -- Ch. 2: The Entangled Bank -- Ch. 3: Our Distant Past -- Ch. 4: Of Genes and Culture -- Ch. 5: Cultural Evolution: How We Relate to One Another -- Ch. 6: Perception, Evolution, and Beliefs -- Ch. 7: The Ups and Downs of Populations -- Ch. 8: History as Cultural Evolution -- Ch. 9: Cycles of Life (and Death) -- Ch. 10: Ecosystems and Human Domination of Earth -- Ch. 11: Consumption and Its Costs -- Ch. 12: A New Imperative -- Ch. 13: Altering the Global Atmosphere -- Ch. 14: Energy: Are We Running Out of It? -- Ch. 15: Saving Our Natural Capital -- Ch. 16: Governance: Tackling Unanticipated Consequences -- Epilogue -- Notes -- Selected Bibliography -- Acknowledgments -- Index -- About the Authors.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- Contributors -- Exploring Quantum Matter with Ultracold Atoms in Optical Lattices -- Introduction -- Optical Lattices -- Optical Dipole Force -- Optical Lattice Potentials -- 1D Lattice Potentials -- 2D Lattice Potentials -- 3D Lattice Potentials -- Spin-Dependent Optical Lattice Potentials -- Bose-Einstein Condensates in Optical Lattices -- Bloch Bands -- Wannier Functions -- Ground State Wave Function of a BEC in an Optical Lattice -- Discretization -- Ground State -- Adiabatic Mapping of Crystal Momentum to Free Particle Momentum -- Bose-Hubbard Model of Interacting Bosons in Optical Lattices -- Ground States of the Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian -- Double Well Case -- Multiple Well Case -- SF-MI Transition in Inhomogeneous Potentials -- Superfluid to Mott Insulator Transition -- Collapse and Revival of a Macroscopic Quantum Field -- Quantum Gate Arrays via Controlled Collisions -- Spin-Dependent Transport -- Controlled Collisions -- Using Controlled Collisional Quantum Gates -- Outlook -- Acknowledgements -- References -- The Kicked Rydberg Atom -- Introduction -- Impulsively-Driven or ``Kicked'' Systems -- Related Problems -- Realization of the Impulsive Limit -- Experimental Apparatus -- Freely-Propagating Half-Cycle Pulses -- Studies at Very-High n -- Creation of Quasi-One-Dimensional Atoms -- Effect of a Single HCP -- Energy Transfer and Ionization -- Wavepacket Production and Evolution -- Characterization of Quasi-1D Atoms -- Effect of Multiple HCPs -- Dynamical Stabilization -- 3D Atoms -- 1D and Quasi-1D Atoms: Effect of Kick Direction -- Classical-Quantum Correspondence -- Freely-Propagating Attosecond HCP Trains -- Alternating Kicks -- Phase-Space Localization -- Dynamical Filtering -- Navigating in Phase-Space -- Transient Phase-Space Localization -- Outlook -- Atomic Engineering. , Classical Limit of Quantum Mechanics -- Further Applications -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Photonic State Tomography -- State Representation -- Representation of Single-Qubit States -- Pure States, Mixed States, and Diagonal Representations -- The Stokes Parameters and the Poincaré Sphere -- Representation of Multiple Qubits -- Pure States, Mixed States, and Diagonal Representations -- Fidelity. -- Tangle. -- Entropy and the linear entropy. -- Multiple Qubit Stokes Parameters -- Representation of Nonqubit Systems -- Pure, Mixed, and Diagonal Representations -- Qudit Stokes Parameters -- Tomography of Ideal Systems -- Single-Qubit Tomography -- Visualization of Single-Qubit Tomography -- A Mathematical Look at Single-Qubit Tomography -- Multiple-Qubit Tomography -- Tomography of Nonqubit Systems -- General Qubit Tomography -- Collecting Tomographic Measurements -- Projection -- Arbitrary Single-Qubit Projection -- Compensating for Imperfect Waveplates -- Wedged waveplates -- Multiple-Qubit Projections and Measurement Ordering -- n vs. 2n Detectors -- Electronics and Detectors -- Collecting Data and Systematic Error Correction -- Accidental Coincidences -- Beamsplitter Crosstalk -- Detector-Pair Efficiency Calibration -- Intensity Drift -- Analyzing Experimental Data -- Types of Errors and State Estimation -- The Maximum Likelihood Technique -- Optimization Algorithms and Derivatives of the Fitness Function -- Choice of Measurements -- How Many Measurements? -- How Many Counts per Measurement? -- Error Analysis -- A Complete Example of Tomography -- Outlook -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Fine Structure in High-L Rydberg States: A Path to Properties of Positive Ions -- Introduction -- Experimental Methods -- Early Studies -- Stepwise Excitation Microwave Studies -- Resonant Excitation Stark Ionization Spectroscopy (RESIS). , Other Experimental Methods -- Theoretical Methods -- Long-Range Model for Atoms -- Adiabatic Model with S-State Cores -- Nonadiabatic Corrections -- Other Corrections -- Core penetration and exchange -- Second-order polarization energies -- Spin Structure -- Tensor Fine Structure -- Long-Range Model for H2 -- Coulomb Interactions -- Spin and Hyperfine Interactions -- Comparison with Traditional Methods -- Results -- Theoretical Progress -- Relativistic corrections. -- Retardation corrections. -- Reduced mass corrections. -- Lamb shift corrections. -- Ion Property Measurements -- Dipole Polarizability -- Quadrupole Moments -- Other Ion Properties -- Applications -- Summary and Outlook -- Acknowledgements -- References -- A Storage Ring for Neutral Molecules -- Introduction -- Manipulating Polar Molecules -- The Stark Effect in Deuterated Ammonia -- Focusing a Beam of Polar Molecules -- Decelerating and Trapping of Polar Molecules -- A Storage Ring for Polar Molecules -- Manipulating Polar Molecules in Phase Space -- Phase-Space Matching -- Phase-Space Transformations -- A Prototype Storage Ring for Neutral Molecules -- Motion of Molecules in a Hexapole Ring -- Equilibrium Orbit -- Betatron Oscillations -- Motion of Molecules in the Dipole Ring -- Experimental Set-up -- Results and Discussion -- Longitudinal Focusing and Cooling of a Molecular Beam -- Principle and Design of the Buncher -- Longitudinal Focusing of a Molecular Beam -- Longitudinal Cooling of a Molecular Beam -- Dynamics of Molecules in the Storage Ring -- Experimental Setup and Alternative Bunching Scheme -- Longitudinal Temperature of Molecules in the Ring -- Betatron Oscillations in the Dipole Ring -- Betatron Oscillations in the Hexapole Ring -- Design of a Sectional Storage Ring -- Transverse Stability in a Sectional Storage Ring -- A Linear Array of Hexapoles -- Bend Hexapoles. , Longitudinally Focusing in a Sectional Ring -- Conclusions and Outlook -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Nonadiabatic Alignment by Intense Pulses. Concepts, Theory, and Directions -- Preliminaries -- Basic Concepts -- Rotational Excitation and Coherent Alignment -- Time Evolution -- Role of the Molecular Symmetry. From Diatomic Molecules to Complex Systems -- Role of the Field Polarization. Three-Dimensional Alignment -- Molecular Orientation -- Alignment in Dissipative Media -- Theory -- General Formulation -- Nonresonant, Nonadiabatic Alignment -- Numerical Implementation -- Case Studies -- Recent Developments -- Conclusions and Outlook -- Acknowledgements -- Derivation of Equation (5) -- References -- Relativistic Nonlinear Optics -- Orientation and Background -- Introduction to Relativistic Optics and High Field Science -- Guiding Principles of Laser Plasma Physics -- Single-Particle Motion -- Constants of the Motion -- Role of Initial Phase -- Direct Laser Acceleration of Electrons in Vacuum -- Self-Modulated Laser Wakefield Electron Beam Characterization -- A General Plane Wave Electron Scattering Model -- Nonparaxial Solutions of the Maxwell Wave Equation -- Series Solution of the Wave Equation for Monochromatic Beams -- A Spectral Method Solution of the Wave Equation -- The Solution Assuming a Gaussian Laser at Focus -- Comparison of the Series and Spectral Solutions -- The Asymmetric Laser Field Solutions -- The Symmetric Laser Field Solutions -- The Solution Assuming a Flattened Gaussian Laser at Focus -- Radiation from Relativistic Electrons -- Collective Plasma Response -- Propagation -- Relativistic Self-focusing -- Raman Scattering, Plasma Wave Excitation and Electron Acceleration -- Relativistic Phase Modulation -- Interactions with Solid-Density Targets -- Concluding Remark -- Acknowledgements -- References. , Coupled-State Treatment of Charge Transfer -- Introduction -- Coupled-State Treatments -- Impact-Parameter Approaches -- Atomic-State and Atomic-Pseudostate Approaches -- Two-center -- Atomic-state. -- Atomic-plus-pseudostate. -- Continuum-distorted-wave. -- Three-center -- Molecular-State Approaches -- Perturbed-stationary-state -- Plane-wave-factor, molecular-state -- Molecular-state with other a priori translational factors -- Molecular-state with optimized or variationally determined translational factors -- Hylleraas -- Three-center molecular-state -- Two-Center, Momentum-Space Approach -- Quantum Approaches -- Translational Factor Approaches -- Common-Reaction-Coordinate Method -- Hidden Crossing Approach -- Hyperspherical Approach -- Results -- The alphaH System -- Charge Transfer to All States -- Intermediate energies -- Lower energies -- Charge Transfer to the 2s and 2p States -- The pHe+ System -- The pH System -- Charge Transfer to All States -- Charge Transfer to the Ground State -- Charge Transfer to the 2s and 2p States -- Conclusion -- References -- Index -- Contents of Volumes in this Serial.

Note: Cover -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1. Direct frequency comb spectroscopy -- 1. Introduction and Historical Background -- 2. Comb Control and Detection -- 3. Direct Frequency Comb Spectroscopy -- 4. Multi-Frequency Parallel Spectroscopy -- 5. Coherent Control Applications -- 6. Future Outlook -- 7. Concluding Remarks -- 8. Acknowledgements -- 9. References -- Chapter 2. Collisions, correlations, and integrability in atom waveguides -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Effective 1D World -- 3. Bethe Ansatz and beyond -- 4. Ground State Properties of Short-Range-Interacting 1D Bosons: Known Results and Their Experimental Verification -- 5. What Is Special about Physics in 1D -- 6. Summary and Outlook -- 7. Acknowledgements -- 8. Appendix: Some Useful Properties of the Hurwitz Zeta Function -- 9. References -- Chapter 3. MOTRIMS: Magneto-Optical Trap Recoil Ion Momentum Spectroscopy -- 1. Introduction to MOTRIMS -- 2. Relative Total Electron Transfer Cross Sections -- 3. Case Studies in Total Electron Transfer Collisions -- 4. Case Studies of Differential Electron Transfer Cross Sections -- 5. Probing Excitation Dynamics -- 6. Future Applications -- 7. Concluding Comments -- 8. Acknowledgements -- 9. References -- Chapter 4. All-Order Methods for Relativistic Atomic Structure Calculations -- 1. Introduction and Overview -- 2. Relativistic Many-Body Perturbation Theory -- 3. Relativistic SD All-Order Method -- 4. Motivation for Further Development of the All-Order Method -- 5. Recent Developments in the Calculations of Monovalent Systems: Non-Linear Terms and Triple Excitations -- 6. Many-Particle Systems -- 7. Applications of High-Precision Calculations -- 8. Conclusion -- 9. Acknowledgements -- 10. References -- Chapter 5. B-splines in variational atomic structure calculations -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Hartree-Fock Approximation. , 3. Multiconfiguration Hartree-Fock Approximation -- 4. B-Spline Theory -- 5. B-Spline Methods for the Many-Electron Hartree-Fock Problem -- 6. B-Spline MCHF Equations -- 7. Conclusion -- 8. Acknowledgements -- 9. References -- Chapter 6. Electron-ion collisions: Fundamental processes in the focus of applied research -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Basics of Electron-Ion Collisions -- 3. Experimental Access to Data -- 4. Overview of Experimental Results on Free-Electron-Ion Collisions -- 5. Conclusions -- 6. Acknowledgements -- 7. References -- Chapter 7. Robust probabilistic quantum information processing with atoms, photons, and atomic ensembles -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Quantum Communication with Atomic Ensembles -- 3. Quantum State Engineering with Realistic Linear Optics -- 4. Quantum Computation through Probabilistic Atom-Photon Operations -- 5. Summary -- 6. Acknowledgements -- 7. References -- Index -- Contents of Volumes in this Serial.

Note: Front Cover -- Advances in Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1: Driven Ratchets for Cold Atoms -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Ratchets: Generalities -- 2.1. The Flashing Ratchet -- 2.2. The Rocking Ratchet -- 3. Symmetry and Transport in AC-Driven Ratchets -- 3.1. General Considerations -- 3.2. The Periodically Driven Rocking Ratchet -- 3.3. The Quasiperiodically Driven Rocking Ratchet -- 3.4. The Gating Ratchet -- 4. Cold Atom Ratchets -- 4.1. Dissipative Optical Lattices -- 4.2. Rocking Ratchet for Cold Atoms -- 4.3. Rocking Ratchet with Biharmonic Driving -- 4.3.1. Dissipation-Induced Symmetry Breaking -- 4.3.2. Rectification of Fluctuations, Current Reversals, and Resonant Activation in a System with Broken Hamiltonian Symmetry -- 4.4. Multifrequency Driving and Route to Quasiperiodicity -- 4.5. Gating Ratchet -- 5. Outlook -- References -- Chapter 2: Quantum Effects in Optomechanical Systems -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Cavity Optomechanics via Radiation-Pressure -- 2.1. Langevin Equations Formalism -- 2.2. Stability Analysis -- 2.3. Covariance Matrix and Logarithmic Negativity -- 3. Ground State Cooling -- 3.1. Feedback Cooling -- 3.1.1. Phase-Quadrature Feedback -- 3.1.2. Generalized Quadrature Feedback -- 3.2. Back-Action Cooling -- 3.3. Readout of the Mechanical Resonator State -- 4. Entanglement Generation with a Single Driven Cavity Mode -- 4.1. Intracavity Optomechanical Entanglement -- 4.2. Entanglement with Output Modes -- 4.3. Optical Entanglement between Sidebands -- 5. Entanglement Generation with Two Driven Cavity Modes -- 5.1. Quantum-Langevin Equations and Stability Conditions -- 5.2. Entanglement of the Output Modes -- 5.2.1. Optomechanical Entanglement -- 5.2.2. Purely Optical Entanglement between Output Modes. , 6. Cavity-Mediated Atom-Mirror Stationary Entanglement -- 7. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3: The Semiempirical Deutsch-Maumlrk Formalism: A Versatile Approach for the Calculation of Electron-Impact Ionization Cross Sections of Atoms, Molecules, Ions, and Clusters -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theoretical Background -- 2.1. The DM Formalism -- 2.2. Other Approaches -- 3. Atoms -- 3.1. Ground-State Atoms -- 3.2. Atoms in Excited States -- 3.2.1. Metastable Rare Gas Atoms -- 3.2.2. He Metastable Ionization -- 3.2.3. Cd and Hg Metastable Ionization -- 4. Molecules, Molecular Radicals, and Clusters -- 4.1. Molecules -- 4.1.1. CF3X (X = H, Br, I) -- 4.1.2. SiCl4 and TiCl4 -- 4.2. Free Radicals and Other Unstable Species -- 4.2.1. CH3, CH2, CH -- 4.2.2. CFx and NFx (x = 1-3) -- 4.3. Biomolecules -- 4.3.1. Uracil -- 4.3.2. DNA Bases -- 4.4. Clusters -- 4.4.1. C60 -- 4.4.2. C60 and C70 -- 5. Ions -- 5.1. Atomic Ions -- 5.1.1. Positive Atomic Ions -- 5.1.2. Negative Atomic Ions (Detachment) -- 5.1.2.1. O- and L- -- 5.2. Molecular Ions -- 5.2.1. Positive Molecular Ions -- 5.2.1.1. C2H2+ -- 5.2.1.2. CO+ and CD+ -- 5.2.2. Negative Molecular Ions (Detachment) -- 5.2.2.1. B2-, BO-, and CN- -- 6. Conclusions and Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4: Physics and Technology of Polarized Electron Scattering from Atoms and Molecules -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Spin-dependent Interactions -- 2.1. Electron Exchange -- 2.2. Spin-Orbit Interactions -- 2.3. Combinations of Spin-Orbit and Exchange Effects -- 2.4. Relevant Scattering Amplitudes: Characterization of Excited States and the Scattered Electron -- 2.5. Theory, Archiving, and Formalism -- 3. Atomic Targets -- 3.1. Exchange Scattering -- 3.1.1. (e,e) and (e,2e) Processes -- 3.1.2. (e,gammae) and (e,gamma2e) Processes -- 3.2. Mott Scattering -- 3.2.1. (e,e) Processes. , 3.2.2. (e,egamma) and (e,2e) Processes -- 3.3. Combinations of Spin-Orbit Coupling and Exchange Effects -- 3.3.1. The Fine-Structure Effect and its Variants -- 3.3.1.1. (e,2e) Experiments -- 3.3.1.2. (e,egamma) Experiments -- 3.3.2. Combinations of Exchange with Mott Scattering -- 3.3.2.1. (e,e) and (e,2e) Experiments -- 3.3.2.2. (e,egamma) Experiments -- 3.3.3. Resonant Effects -- 4. Molecular Targets -- 4.1. Simple Diatomic Molecules -- 4.1.1. The Exchange Interaction in Elastic Scattering -- 4.1.2. Exchange Effects in Inelastic Scattering -- 4.2. Chiral Molecular Targets -- 5. Developments in Polarized Electron Technology -- 5.1. Sources of Polarized Electrons -- 5.1.1. Photemission from GaAs and its Variants -- 5.1.2. Sources Based on Chemi-Ionization of He* -- 5.1.3. Novel Sources of Polarized Electrons -- 5.1.3.1. Field emission tips Field -- 5.1.3.2. Sources involving multiphoton processes -- 5.1.3.3. Spin filters -- 5.2. Polarimetry -- 5.2.1. Mott Polarimetry -- 5.2.2. Optical Polarimetry -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 5: Multidimensional Electronic and Vibrational Spectroscopy: An Ultrafast Probe of Molecular Relaxation and Reaction Dynamics -- 1. Introduction, Background, and Analogies -- 1.1. Timescales and Orders of Magnitude -- 1.2. The AMO Perspective: Photon Echoes, Ramsey Fringes, and NMR -- 1.3. Diagrammatic Representation of Dynamical Evolution -- 1.3.1 Causality and the Absorptive Lineshape -- 1.4. Molecular Perspective -- 1.4.1 Coupling -- 1.4.2 Line Broadening -- 1.4.3 Orientation -- 1.4.4 Coherence -- 1.4.5 Spectral Diffusion -- 1.4.6 Chemical Exchange -- 1.4.7 Energy Transfer -- 2. Two-dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy -- 2.1. Idiosyncrasies and Technical Challenges of Multidimensional Electronic Spectroscopy -- 2.2. Experimental Implementations -- 2.2.1 Diffractive Optics -- 2.2.2 The Pump-Probe Geometry. , 2.3. Examples of 2D Electronic Spectroscopy Experiments -- 2.3.1 Energy Transfer in Light-Harvesting Systems -- 2.3.2 Vibrational Wavepacket Dynamics in 2DES -- 2.3.3 Understanding 2DES Spectra -- 3. Two-dimensional Vibrational Spectroscopy -- 3.1. Idiosyncrasies of Multidimensional IR Spectroscopy -- 3.2. Experimental Implementation -- 3.3. Examples of Equilibrium 2DIR Spectroscopy -- 3.3.1 The OH Stretch in Water -- 3.3.2 Vibrational Coherence -- 4. Future Directions -- Acknowledgments -- Appendix: Derivation of the T2-Dependent Coherence -- References -- Chapter 6: Fundamentals and Applications of Spatial Dissipative Solitons in Photonic Devices -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Basic Definitions and Scope -- 1.2. Phenomenology of Optical Spatial Dissipative Solitons (SDS) -- 1.3. Basic Equations -- 1.4. Bistability and Multistability of SDS -- 2. Existence, Bifurcation Structure, and Dynamics of Single and Multiple SDS -- 2.1. Patterns, Dissipative Solitons, and Homoclinic Snaking -- 2.2. Homoclinic Snaking -- 2.3. Basic Properties and Dynamics of SDS -- 2.4. Snaking in Other Optical Models -- 2.5. "Tilted" Snaking due to Nonlocal Coupling -- 3. Cavity Soliton Lasers -- 3.1. Attractive Features of a Cavity Soliton Laser and Bistable Laser Schemes -- 3.2. Cavity Solitons in Lasers with Optical Injection -- 3.3. Cavity Solitons Based on Frequency-Selective Feedback -- 3.3.1 Scheme and Mechanism of Bistability -- 3.3.2 Experimental Investigations in VCSELs -- 3.3.3 Theoretical Treatment -- 3.4. Laser Cavity Solitons due to Saturable Absorption -- 3.4.1 General Theory and Early Experiments -- 3.4.2 Modeling and Design of Semiconductor-Based Devices -- 3.4.3 Experimental Realization Using Face-to-Face VCSELs -- 4. Spatial Dissipative Solitons due to Spatially Periodic Modulations -- 4.1. Spatial Dissipative Solitons due to Intracavity Photonic Crystals. , 4.2. Discrete Spatial Dissipative Solitons -- 5. Phase Fronts and Locked Spots -- 6. Applications of Spatial Dissipative Solitons -- 6.1. Positioning of SDS and All-Optical Memories -- 6.2. Exploring the Mobility of SDS -- 6.3. All-Optical Delay Line -- 6.4. Delay Lines in a CSL and Spontaneous Motion of LCS -- 6.5. Soliton Force Microscopy -- 7. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Index -- Contents of Volumes in this Serial.

Note: Intro -- Table of Contents -- How to Use This Book -- Acknowledgments -- Industry Outlook -- Ecotourism -- Engineering -- Farming and Fishing -- Forestry -- Legal and Regulatory -- Other -- Outdoor/Environmental Education -- Scientific -- Appendixes -- Appendix I: Education and Training Resources -- Appendix II: Professional Associations -- Appendix III: Professional Certifications -- Appendix IV: Government Agencies -- Appendix V: Internet Resources -- Appendix VI: National Forests -- Appendix VII: National Parks -- Appendix VIII: State Environmental Resources -- Glossary -- Bibliography -- Index.