Note: Intro -- Bioorganometallics -- Preface -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- 1 A Novel Field of Research: Bioorganometallic Chemistry, Origins, and Founding Principles -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Organometallics and Therapy -- 1.2.1 The Founding Father -- 1.2.2 The First Significant Organometallic Drug -- 1.2.3 Arsenic Compounds after Ehrlich -- 1.2.4 Organometallic Mercury Compounds -- 1.2.5 The Current Re-evaluation: Considerations of Efficacy, Toxicity and Selectivity -- 1.3 Toxicology and the Environment -- 1.4 Bioanalytical Methods Based on Special Properties of Organometallic Complexes -- 1.5 Naturally-occurring Organometallics and Synthetic Models -- 1.6 Organometallic Chemistry and Aqueous Solvents -- 1.7 Conclusions -- References -- 2 Ruthenium Arene Anticancer Complexes -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Metal-based Anticancer Complexes -- 2.3 Chemistry of Ru Arenes -- 2.3.1 Synthesis -- 2.3.2 Structure -- 2.3.3 Chirality -- 2.4 Biological Activity -- 2.4.1 Antibacterial -- 2.4.2 Anticancer -- 2.4.3 Biodistribution and Metabolism -- 2.5 Mechanism of Action -- 2.5.1 Nucleobase and DNA Binding -- 2.5.2 Amino Acids and Proteins -- 2.5.3 Aquation -- 2.6 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Organometallics Targeted to Specific Biological Sites: the Development of New Therapies -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Overview of Previous Developments -- 3.3 Metal Complex SERMs (Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators) -- 3.3.1 Inorganic Complexes of Platinum -- 3.3.2 Carborane Derivatives with Estrogenic Properties -- 3.3.3 Titanocene Dichloride Derivative of Tamoxifen -- 3.3.4 Cyclopentadienyl Rhenium Tricarbonyl Derivatives of Tamoxifen Derivatives -- 3.3.5 Ferrocene Tamoxifen Derivatives (Ferrocifens) -- 3.3.6 Ruthenocene Tamoxifen Derivatives -- 3.3.7 Conclusion for SERMs -- 3.4 The Alkyne Cobalt Carbonyl Complexes. , 3.5 Ferroquine, a New Weapon in the Fight Against Malaria: the Archetypical Bioorganometallic Approach -- 3.5.1 The Problem of Malaria -- 3.5.2 Ferroquine: a Bioorganometallic Approach -- 3.5.3 Conclusion for Ferroquine -- 3.6 Other Examples of Organometallics Complexes Tested for their Biological Activities -- 3.7 Conclusions -- References -- 4 Radiopharmaceuticals -- 4.1 What are Radiopharmaceuticals? -- 4.1.1 Radiopharmaceutical Drug Finding and Drug Development -- 4.1.2 Organometallic Complexes in Radiopharmaceutical Routines -- 4.2 Organometallic Aquo-ions -- 4.3 The Prototype [(99)Tc(OH(2))(3)(CO)(3)](+), Synthesis and Properties -- 4.3.1 Coordination Chemistry with [(99)Tc(OH(2))(3)(CO)(3)](+) -- 4.3.2 Organometallic Chemistry in Water with [(99)Tc(OH(2))(3)(CO)(3)](+) -- 4.4 Combining [(99)Tc(OH(2))(3)(CO)(3)](+) with Targeting Vectors -- 4.5 Perspectives -- References -- 5 Conjugates of Peptides and PNA with Organometallic Complexes: Syntheses and Applications -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Conjugates of Organometallics with Small Peptides -- 5.2.1 Organometallics as Templates for the Induction of Secondary Structural Elements in Peptides -- 5.2.1.1 Derivatives of 1,1'-Ferrocene Dicarboxylic Acid -- 5.2.1.2 Other Derivatives -- 5.2.2 Peptides as Ligands for Organometallics -- 5.3 Conjugates of Organometallics with Natural Peptides -- 5.3.1 Organometallic Derivatives of Enkephalins -- 5.3.2 Organometallic Derivatives of Peptide Hormones -- 5.3.2.1 Substance P and Neurokinin A -- 5.3.2.2 Angiotensin -- 5.3.2.3 Bradykinin -- 5.3.2.4 Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone -- 5.3.2.5 Secretin -- 5.3.3 Organometallic Derivatives of Other Peptides -- 5.3.3.1 Nuclear Localization Signal -- 5.3.3.2 Glutathione -- 5.3.3.3 Papain Inhibitors -- 5.3.3.4 Alamethicin -- 5.3.3.5 Others -- 5.3.4 Enzymatic Degradation of Organometallic Peptide Derivatives. , 5.4 Conjugates of Organometallics with PNA -- 5.4.1 Conjugates of PNA Monomers -- 5.4.2 Conjugates of PNA Oligomers -- 5.5 Applications -- 5.5.1 Organometallic Protecting Groups for Peptide Synthesis -- 5.5.1.1 Ferrocene-derived Protecting Groups -- 5.5.1.2 Aminocarbene-derived Protecting Groups -- 5.5.2 Peptide Synthesis -- 5.5.2.1 Template Synthesis of Peptides with Organometallics -- 5.5.2.2 Ugi Four-component Reaction -- 5.5.2.3 Ruthenium-mediated Coupling of Aryl Ethers for the Synthesis of Cyclic Peptides -- 5.5.3 Labeling of Peptides -- 5.5.3.1 HPLC with Electrochemical Detection (HPLC-ECD) -- 5.5.3.2 Radioactive Labels -- 5.5.4 Host-guest Chemistry and Biosensors -- References -- 6 Labeling of Proteins with Organometallic Complexes: Strategies and Applications -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Redox Probes -- 6.2.1 Amperometric Biosensors -- 6.2.1.1 Diffusional Mediators -- 6.2.1.2 Electron Relays -- 6.2.1.3 Electrical Wiring -- 6.2.2 HPLC and Immunoassays -- 6.2.3 Enzyme Structural Studies -- 6.2.4 Other applications -- 6.3 Luminescent Probes -- 6.3.1 Long-lived Probes -- 6.3.2 Electron Tunneling Studies -- 6.4 Heavy Metal Probes -- 6.4.1 Structural Analysis of Proteins by X-ray Crystallography -- 6.4.2 Cryo-electron Microscopy -- 6.4.3 Pharmacological Studies -- 6.5 Metallo-carbonyl Probes for Infrared Spectroscopy -- 6.6 Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- 7 Organometallic Bioprobes -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 The Definition of the Terms Bioprobes and Molecular Bioprobes -- 7.3 Response Strategies for the Read-out of Information -- 7.4 Organometallic Components for Organometallic Bioprobes - Opening up the Advantages of IR-based Read-out Methods -- 7.5 Selectivity of Responses in IR-based Read-out Methods -- 7.5.1 Solvent-induced Effects -- 7.5.2 Responses to pH -- 7.5.3 Responses to Alkali Metal Ion Concentrations. , 7.5.4 Responses to π-Stacking Interactions between Organic Structures -- 7.6 Examples of Organometalcarbonyl Bioprobe Structures -- 7.7 Use of Organometallic Bioprobes with Proteins -- 7.8 Power of Genetics in the Design of Bioprobe Experiments -- 7.8.1 Remote and Local Response Capabilities -- 7.8.2 Functional and Dysfunctional Probes -- 7.8.3 Functional and Dysfunctional Receptors -- 7.8.4 Functional and Dysfunctional Probes and Receptors to Study the Induction of nod Gene Expression -- 7.9 Conclusions -- References -- 8 Organometallic Complexes as Tracers in Non-isotopic Immunoassay -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Principle of an Immunoassay -- 8.3 Obtaining Specific Antibodies -- 8.4 Synthesis of the Organometallic Tracers -- 8.4.1 Preparation of Tracers Labeled with Ferrocene -- 8.4.1.1 Preparation of a Tracer for Lidocaine -- 8.4.1.2 Preparation of a Tracer for Theophylline -- 8.4.1.3 Preparation of a Tracer for Triiodothyronine -- 8.4.1.4 Labeling of Antibodies (IgG) -- 8.4.2 Preparation of a Tracer for Diphenylhydantoin Labeled with a (Cyclopentadienyl)dicarbonyl Iron (Fp) Entity -- 8.4.3 Synthesis of Tracers Labeled with a Cymantrene (Cyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl) Entity -- 8.4.3.1 Preparation of Tracers for Nortriptyline and Phenobarbital -- 8.4.3.2 Preparation of a Tracer for Chlortoluron -- 8.4.3.3 Preparation of a Tracer for Biotin -- 8.4.4 Synthesis of Diphenylhydantoin Bearing a Benchrotrene (Benzene chromium Tricarbonyl) Entity -- 8.4.5 Synthesis of Tracers Bearing an Alkyne Dicobalt Hexacarbonyl Moiety -- 8.4.5.1 Preparation of Tracers for Cortisol and Atrazine -- 8.4.5.2 Preparation of a Tracer for Carbamazepine -- 8.4.6 Synthesis of Cationic Tracers -- 8.4.6.1 Tracers Labeled with a Cobaltocenium Entity -- 8.4.6.2 Cationic Tracers Including a Ferrocene Entity. , 8.4.7 Synthesis of a Tracer Bearing a Rhenium Tricarbonyl Fragment -- 8.5 Examples of Mono- and Multi-metalloimmunoassays (MIA) -- 8.5.1 Metalloimmunoassay Using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy -- 8.5.2 Detection by Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (Carbonyl Metalloimmuno Assay, CMIA) -- 8.5.2.1 Mono-immunoassays by CMIA -- 8.5.2.2 Multi-immunoassay by CMIA -- 8.5.2.3 New Developments in the CMIA Method -- 8.5.3 Electrochemical Detection -- 8.5.3.1 Homogeneous Ferrocene-mediated Amperometric Immunoassay -- 8.5.3.2 Homogeneous Electrochemical Immunoassay (Square Wave Voltammetry) -- 8.5.3.3 Electrochemical Flow Immunoassay System -- 8.5.4 Detection by Fluorescence Polarization (FP) -- 8.6 Use of Organometallic Complexes as Substrates or Co-substrates for Enzyme Immunoassay -- 8.6.1 Organometallic Complexes Used as Enzyme Substrates -- 8.6.2 Organometallic Complexes Used as Enzyme Co-substrates (Redox Mediators) -- 8.6.2.1 Flow Injection Immunoassay with Electrochemical Detection -- 8.6.2.2 Dual Enzyme Immunoassay with Amperometric Detection -- 8.6.2.3 Dual Enzyme Immunoassay Using Electrochemical Microscopy Detection -- 8.7 Conclusions -- References -- 9 Genosensors Based on Metal Complexes -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Metal Complexes as DNA Probes -- 9.2.1 Cationic Metal Complexes -- 9.2.2 Metal Complexes Conjugated with a DNA Fragment or DNA-binding Ligand -- 9.3 Electrochemical Analysis of the Interaction of Metal Complexes with dsDNA -- 9.4 Gene Detection Based on a Cationic Metal Complex or Metal Complex Conjugated with DNA-binding Ligand -- 9.5 Gene Detection Based on Ferrocenyl Oligonucleotides as a Metal Complex Conjugated with DNA Fragments -- 9.6 Conclusions -- References -- 10 Supramolecular Host Recognition Processes with Biological Compounds, Organometallic Pharmaceuticals, and Alkali-metal Ions as Guests -- 10.1 Introduction. , 10.2 Host 1.