Abstract: To understand the biology and evolution of ruminants, the cattle genome was sequenced to about sevenfold coverage. The cattle genome contains a minimum of 22,000 genes, with a core set of 14,345 orthologs shared among seven mammalian species of which 1217 are absent or undetected in noneutherian (marsupial or monotreme) genomes. Cattle-specific evolutionary breakpoint regions in chromosomes have a higher density of segmental duplications, enrichment of repetitive elements, and species-specific variations in genes associated with lactation and immune responsiveness. Genes involved in metabolism are generally highly conserved, although five metabolic genes are deleted or extensively diverged from their human orthologs. The cattle genome sequence thus provides a resource for understanding mammalian evolution and accelerating livestock genetic improvement for milk and meat production.

Abstract: Entry of ebolavirus (EBOV) into cells is mediated by its glycoprotein (GP 1,2 ), a class I fusion protein whose structure was recently determined (J. E. Lee et al., Nature 454: 177-182, 2008). Here we confirmed two major predictions of the structural analysis, namely, the residues in GP 1 and GP 2 that remain after GP 1,2 is proteolytically primed by endosomal cathepsins for fusion and residues in GP 1 that are critical for binding to host cells. Mass spectroscopic analysis indicated that primed GP 1,2 contains residues 33 to 190 of GP 1 and all residues of GP 2 . The location of the receptor binding site was determined by a two-pronged approach. We identified a small receptor binding region (RBR), residues 90 to 149 of GP 1 , by comparing the cell binding abilities of four RBR proteins produced in high yield. We characterized the binding properties of the optimal RBR (containing GP 1 residues 57 to 149) and then conducted a mutational analysis to identify critical binding residues. Substitutions at four lysines (K95, K114, K115, and K140) decreased binding and the ability of RBR proteins to inhibit GP 1,2 -mediated infection. K114, K115, and K140 lie in a small region modeled to be located on the top surface of the chalice following proteolytic priming; K95 lies deeper in the chalice bowl. Combined with those of Lee et al., our findings provide structural insight into how GP 1,2 is primed for fusion and define the core of the EBOV RBR (residues 90 to 149 of GP 1 ) as a highly conserved region containing a two-stranded β-sheet, the two intra-GP 1 disulfide bonds, and four critical Lys residues.

Abstract: 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 1. How can we maintain a sustainable private practice in the current political and economic climate? 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Eugene Allers 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 2. SASOP Clinical guidelines, protocols and algorithms: Development of treatment guidelines for bipolar mood disorder and major depression 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉  Eugene Allers, Margaret Nair, Gerhard Grobler 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 3. The revolving door phenomenon in psychiatry: Comparing low-frequency and high-frequency users of psychiatric inpatient services in a developing country 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 U A Botha, P Oosthuien, L Koen, J A Joska, J Parker, N Horn 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 4. Neurophysiology of emotion and senses - The interface between psyche and soma 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Eugene Allers 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 5. Suicide prevention: From and beyond the psychiatrist's hands 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 O Alonso Betanourt, M Morales Herrera 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 6. Treatment of first-episod psychosis: Efficacy and toleabilty of a long-acting typical antipsychotic 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 B Chiliza, R Schoeman, R Emsey, P Oosthuizen, L KOen, D Niehaus, S Hawkridge 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 7. Treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in the young child 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Helen Clark 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 8. Holistic/ Alternative treatment in psychiatry: The value of indigenous knowledge systems in cllaboration with moral, ethical and religious approaches in the military services 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 J Dill 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 9. Treating Schizophrenia: Have we got it wrong? 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Robin Emsley 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 10.Terminal questions in the elderly 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Mike Ewart Smith 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 11. Mental Health Policy development and implementation in Ghana, South Africa, Uganda and Zambia 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Alan J Flisher, Crick Lund, Michelle Frank, Arvin Bhana, Victor Doku, Natalie Drew, Fred N Kigozi, Martin Knapp, Mayeh Omar, Inge Petersen, Andrew Green andthe MHaPP Research Programme Consortium 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 12. What indicators should be used to monitor progress in scaling uo services for people with mental disorders? 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Lancet Global Mental Health Group (Alan J Flisher, Dan Chisholm, Crick Lund, Vikram Patel, Shokhar Saxena, Graham Thornicroft, Mark Tomlinson) 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 13. Does unipolar mania merit research in South Africa? A look at the literature 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Christoffel Grobler 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 14. Revisiting the Cartesian duality of mind and body 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Oye Gureje 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 15. Child and adolescent psychopharmacology: Current trends and complexities 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 S M Hawkridge 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 16. Integrating mental illness, suicide and religion 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Volker Hitzeroth 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 17. Cost of acute inpatient mental health care in a 72-hour assessment uniy 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 A B R Janse van Rensburg, W Jassat 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 18. Management of Schizophrenia according to South African standard treatment guidelines 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 A B R Janse van Rensburg 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 19. Structural brain imaging in the clinical management of psychiatric illness 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 F Y Jeenah 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 20. ADHD: Change in symptoms from child to adulthood 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 S A Jeeva, A Turgay 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 21. HIV-Positive psychiatric patients in antiretrovirals 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 G Jonsson, F Y Jeenah, M Y H Moosa 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 22. A one year review of patients admitted to tertiary HIV/Neuropsychiatry beds in the Western Cape 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 John Joska, Paul Carey, Ian Lewis, Paul Magni, Don Wilson, Dan J Stein 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 23. Star'd - Critical review and treatment implications 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Andre Joubert 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 24. Options for treatment-resistent depression: Lessons from Star'd; an interactive session 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Andre Joubert 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 25. My brain made me do it: How Neuroscience may change the insanity defence 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Sean Kaliski 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 26. Child andadolescent mental health services in four African countries 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Sharon Kleintjies, Alan Flisher, Victoruia Campbell-Hall, Arvin Bhana, Phillippa Bird, Victor Doku, Natalie, Drew, Michelle Funk, Andrew Green, Fred Kigozi, Crick Lund, Angela Ofori-Atta, Mayeh Omar, Inge Petersen, Mental Health and Poverty Research Programme Consortium 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 27. Individualistic theories of risk behaviour 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Liezl Kramer, Volker Hitzeroth 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 28. Development and implementation of mental health poliy and law in South Africa: What is the impact of stigma? 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Ritsuko Kakuma, Sharon Kleintjes, Crick Lund, Alan J Flisher, Paula Goering, MHaPP Research Programme Consortium 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 29. Factors contributing to community reintegration of long-term mental health crae users of Weskoppies Hospital 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Carri Lewis, Christa Kruger 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 30. Mental health and poverty: A systematic review of the research in low- and middle-income countries 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Crick Lund, Allison Breen, Allan J Flisher, Ritsuko Kakuma, Leslie Swartz, John Joska, Joanne Corrigall, Vikram Patel, MHaPP Research Programe Consortium 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 31. The cost of scaling up mental health care in low- and middle-income countries 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Crick Lund, Dan Chishlom, Shekhar Saxena 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 32. 'Tikking'Clock: The impact of a methamphetamine epidemic at a psychiatric hospital in the Western Cape 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 P Milligan, J S Parker 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 33. Durban youth healh-sk behaviour: Prevalence f Violence-related behaviour 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 D L Mkize 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 34. Profile of morality of patients amitted Weskoppies Psychiatric Hospital in Sout frican over a 5-Year period (2001-2005) 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 N M Moola, N Khamker, J L Roos, P Rheeder 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 35. One flew over Psychiatry nest 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Leverne Mountany 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 36. The ethical relationship betwe psychiatrists and the pharmaceutical indutry 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Margaret  G Nair 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 37. Developing the frameor of a postgraduate da programme in mental health 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 R J Nichol, B de Klerk, M M Nel, G van Zyl, J Hay 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 38. An unfolding story: The experience with HIV-ve patients at a Psychiatric Hospital 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 J S Parker, P Milligan 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 39. Task shifting: A practical strategy for scalingup mental health care in developing countries 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Vikram Patel 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 40. Ethics: Informed consent and competency in the elderly 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Willie Pienaar 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 41. Confronting ommonmoral dilemmas. Celebrating uncertainty, while in search  patient good 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Willie Pienaar 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 42. Moral dilemmas in the treatment and repatriation of patients with psychtorders while visiting our country 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Duncan Ian Rodseth 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 43. Geriatrics workshop (Psegal symposium): Medico-legal issuess in geriatric psyhiatry 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Felix Potocnik 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 44. Brain stimulation techniques - update on recent research 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 P J Pretorius 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 45. Holistic/Alternative treatments in psychiatry 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 T Rangaka, J Dill 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 46. Cognitive behaviour therapy and other brief interventions for management of substances 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Solomon Rataemane 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 47. A Transtheoretical view of change 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Nathan P Rogerson 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 48. Profile of security breaches in longerm mental health care users at Weskoppies Hospital over a 6-month period 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Deleyn Rema, Lindiwe Mthethwa, Christa Kruger 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 49. Management of psychogenic and chronic pain - A novel approach 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 M S Salduker 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 50. Childhood ADHD and bipolar mood disorders: Differences and similarities 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 L Scribante 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 51. The choice of antipsychotic in HIV-infected patients and psychopharmacocal responses to antipsychotic medication 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Dinesh Singh, Karl Goodkin 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 52. Pearls in clinical neuroscience: A teaching column in CNS Spectrums 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 〈 /strong 〉 Dan J Stein 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 53. Urinary Cortisol secretion and traumatics in a cohort of SA Metro policemen A longitudinal study 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Ugash Subramaney 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 54. Canabis use in Psychiatric inpatients 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 〈 /strong 〉 M Talatala, G M Nair, D L Mkize 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 55. Pathways to care and treatmt in first and multi-episodepsychosis: Findings fm a developing country 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 H S Teh, P P Oosthuizen 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 56. Mental disorders in HIV-infected indivat various HIV Treatment sites in South Africa 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Rita Thom 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 57. Attendanc ile of long-term mental health care users at ocupational therapy group sessions at Weskoppies Hospital 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Ronel van der Westhuizen, Christa Kruger 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 58. Epidemiological patterns of extra-medical drug use in South Africa: Results from the South African stress and health study 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Margaretha S van Heerden, Anna Grimsrud, David Williams, Dan  Stein 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 59. Persocentred diagnosis: Where d ps and mental disorders fit in the International classificaton of diseases (ICD)? 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Werdie van Staden 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 60. What every psychiatrist needs to know about scans 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Herman van Vuuren 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 61. Psychiatric morbidity in health care workers withle drug-resistant erulosis (MDR-TB) A case series 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Urvashi Vasant, Dinesh Singh 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 62. Association between uetrine artery pulsatility index and antenatal maternal psychological stress 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Bavanisha Vythilingum, Lut Geerts, Annerine Roos, Sheila Faure, Dan J Stein 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 63. Approaching the dual diagnosis dilemma 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Lize Weich 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 64. Women's mental health: Onset of mood disturbance in midlife - Fact or fiction 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Denise White 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 65. Failing or faking: Isses in the fiagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Dora Wynchank 〈 /p 〉

Abstract: Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, a gram-negative bacterial plant pathogen, is the causal agent of halo blight of bean. In this study, we report on the genome sequence of P. syringae pv. phaseolicola isolate 1448A, which encodes 5,353 open reading frames (ORFs) on one circular chromosome (5,928,787 bp) and two plasmids (131,950 bp and 51,711 bp). Comparative analyses with a phylogenetically divergent pathovar, P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000, revealed a strong degree of conservation at the gene and genome levels. In total, 4,133 ORFs were identified as putative orthologs in these two pathovars using a reciprocal best-hit method, with 3,941 ORFs present in conserved, syntenic blocks. Although these two pathovars are highly similar at the physiological level, they have distinct host ranges; 1448A causes disease in beans, and DC3000 is pathogenic on tomato and Arabidopsis . Examination of the complement of ORFs encoding virulence, fitness, and survival factors revealed a substantial, but not complete, overlap between these two pathovars. Another distinguishing feature between the two pathovars is their distinctive sets of transposable elements. With access to a fifth complete pseudomonad genome sequence, we were able to identify 3,567 ORFs that likely comprise the core Pseudomonas genome and 365 ORFs that are P. syringae specific.