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  • 1
    In: Journal of Biological Chemistry, Elsevier BV, Vol. 284, No. 47 ( 2009-11), p. 32395-32404
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-9258
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2009
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    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Informa UK Limited ; 2009
    In:  Islets Vol. 1, No. 1 ( 2009-07), p. 10-18
    In: Islets, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 1, No. 1 ( 2009-07), p. 10-18
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1938-2014 , 1938-2022
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2009
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  • 3
    In: Diabetes, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 58, No. 10 ( 2009-10-01), p. 2409-2413
    Abstract: Two independent genome-wide association studies for type 2 diabetes in Japanese subjects have recently identified common variants in the KCNQ1 gene that are strongly associated with type 2 diabetes. Here we studied whether a common variant in KCNQ1 would influence BMI as well as insulin secretion and action and predict future type 2 diabetes in subjects from Sweden and Finland. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Risk of type 2 diabetes conferred by KCNQ1 rs2237895 was studied in 2,830 type 2 diabetic case subjects and 3,550 control subjects from Sweden (Malmö Case-Control) and prospectively in 16,061 individuals from the Malmö Preventive Project (MPP). Association between genotype and insulin secretion/action was assessed cross- sectionally in 3,298 nondiabetic subjects from the Prevalence, Prediction and Prevention of Diabetes (PPP)-Botnia Study and longitudinally in 2,328 nondiabetic subjects from the Botnia Prospective Study (BPS). KCNQ1 expression (n = 18) and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (n = 19) were measured in human islets from nondiabetic cadaver donors. RESULTS The C-allele of KCNQ1 rs2237895 was associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes in both the Malmö Case-Control (odds ratio 1.23 [95% CI 1.12–1.34]; P = 5.6 × 10−6) and the prospective (1.14 [1.06–1.22] ; P = 4.8 × 10−4) studies. Furthermore, the C-allele was associated with decreased insulin secretion (corrected insulin response [CIR] P = 0.013; disposition index [DI] P = 0.013) in the PPP-Botnia Study and in the BPS at baseline (CIR P = 3.6 × 10−4; DI P = 0.0058) and after follow-up (CIR P = 0.0018; DI P = 0.0030). C-allele carriers showed reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in human islets (P = 2.5 × 10−6). CONCLUSIONS A common variant in the KCNQ1 gene is associated with increased risk of future type 2 diabetes in Scandinavians, which partially can be explained by an effect on insulin secretion.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-1797 , 1939-327X
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Diabetes Association
    Publication Date: 2009
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Diabetes Association ; 2006
    In:  Diabetes Vol. 55, No. 2 ( 2006-02-01), p. 290-296
    In: Diabetes, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 55, No. 2 ( 2006-02-01), p. 290-296
    Abstract: Recent studies in normal mice have suggested that transplanted bone marrow cells can transdifferentiate into pancreatic β-cells at relatively high efficiency. Herein, adopting the same and alternative approaches to deliver and fate map-transplanted bone marrow cells in the pancreas of normal as well as diabetic mice, we further investigated the potential of bone marrow transplantation as an alternative approach for β-cell replacement. In contrast to previous studies, transplanted bone marrow cells expressing green fluorescence protein (GFP) under the control of the mouse insulin promoter failed to express GFP in the pancreas of normal as well as diabetic mice. Although bone marrow cells expressing GFP under the ubiquitously expressed β-actin promoter efficiently engrafted the pancreas of normal and hyperglycemic mice, virtually all expressed CD45 and Mac-1/Gr-1, demonstrating that they adopt a hematopoietic rather than β-cell fate, a finding further substantiated by the complete absence of GFP+ cells expressing insulin and the β-cell transcription factors pancreatic duodenal homeobox factor-1 and homeodomain protein. Thus, transplanted bone marrow cells demonstrated little, if any, capacity to adopt a β-cell fate.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-1797 , 1939-327X
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Diabetes Association
    Publication Date: 2006
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  • 5
    In: Glia, Wiley, Vol. 57, No. 8 ( 2009-06), p. 835-849
    Abstract: Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult rat subventricular zone (SVZ) generate new striatal neurons during several months after ischemic stroke. Whether the microglial response associated with ischemic injury extends into SVZ and influences neuroblast production is unknown. Here, we demonstrate increased numbers of activated microglia in ipsilateral SVZ concomitant with neuroblast migration into the striatum at 2, 6, and 16 weeks, with maximum at 6 weeks, following 2 h middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. In the peri‐infarct striatum, numbers of activated microglia peaked already at 2 weeks and declined thereafter. Microglia in SVZ were resident or originated from bone marrow, with maximum proliferation during the first 2 weeks postinsult. In SVZ, microglia exhibited ramified or intermediate morphology, signifying a downregulated inflammatory profile, whereas amoeboid or round phagocytic microglia were frequent in the peri‐infarct striatum. Numbers of microglia expressing markers of antigen‐presenting cells (MHC‐II, CD86) increased in SVZ but very few lymphocytes were detected. Using quantitative PCR, strong short‐ and long‐term increase (at 1 and 6 weeks postinfarct) of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) gene expression was detected in SVZ tissue. Elevated numbers of IGF‐1‐expressing microglia were found in SVZ at 2, 6, and 16 weeks after stroke. At 16 weeks, 5% of microglia but no other cells in SVZ expressed the IGF‐1 protein, which mitigates apoptosis and promotes proliferation and differentiation of NSCs. The long‐term accumulation of microglia with proneurogenic phenotype in the SVZ implies a supportive role of these cells for the continuous neurogenesis after stroke. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-1491 , 1098-1136
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2009
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  • 6
    In: Blood, American Society of Hematology, Vol. 106, No. 11 ( 2005-11-16), p. 3151-3151
    Abstract: Notch activation has been suggested to promote T cell development at the expense of B cell commitment at the level of a common lymphoid progenitor prior to B cell commitment. Here, we explored the possibility that Notch activation might be able to switch the fate of already committed B cell progenitors towards T cell development upon Notch activation. To address this we overexpressed constitutively activated Notch-3 (N3IC) in B cell progenitors purified from transgenic mice in which human CD25 is expressed under control of the λ5 promoter. Strikingly, whereas untransduced and control transduced B220+λ5+CD3− B cell progenitors gave rise exclusively to B cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells but no B cells were derived from N3IC-transduced cells when transplanted into sublethally irradiated NOD-SCID mice. Gene expression profiling demonstrated that untransduced B220+ λ5+CD3− B cell progenitors expressed λ5 and CD19 but not the T cell specific genes GATA-3, lck and pTα, whereas CD3+ T cells derived from N3IC-transduced B220+λ5+CD3−cells failed to express λ5 and CD19, but were positive for GATA-3, lck and pTα expression as well as a and b T cell rearrangement. Furthermore, DJ rearrangements were detected at very low levels in CD3+ cells isolated from normal non-transduced BM, but were more abundant in the N3IC-transduced CD3+ BM cells. Noteworthy, N3IC-transduced B220+λ5+CD3−CD19+ proB cell progenitors failed to generate B as well as T cells, whereas N3IC-transduced B220+λ5+CD3−CD19− pre-proB cells produced exclusively T cells, even when evaluated at low cell numbers. In conclusion Notch activation can switch committed B cell progenitors from a B cell to a T cell fate, but this plasticity is lost at the Pro-B cell stage, upon upregulation of CD19 expression.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0006-4971 , 1528-0020
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Hematology
    Publication Date: 2005
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