Abstract: Monitoring changes in the frequencies of drug-resistant and -sensitive genotypes can facilitate in vivo clinical trials to assess the efficacy of drugs before complete failure occurs. Peru changed its national treatment policy for uncomplicated malaria to artesunate (ART)-plus-mefloquine (MQ) combination therapy in the Amazon basin in 2001. We genotyped isolates collected in 1999 and isolates collected in 2006 to 2007 for mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (Pf dhfr ) and dihydropteroate synthase (Pf dhps ) genes, multidrug resistance gene 1 (Pf mdr-1 ), the chloroquine (CQ) resistance transporter gene (Pf crt ), and the Ca 2+ ATPase gene (Pf ATP6 ); these have been shown to be involved in resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP), MQ, CQ, and possibly ART, respectively. Microsatellite haplotypes around the Pf dhfr , Pf dhps , Pf crt , and Pf mdr-1 loci were also determined. There was a significant decline in the highly SP resistant Pf dhfr and Pf dhps genotypes from 1999 to 2006. In contrast, a CQ-resistant Pf crt genotype increased in frequency during the same period. Among five different Pf mdr-1 allelic forms noted in 1999, two genotypes increased in frequency while one genotype decreased by 2006. We also noted previously undescribed polymorphisms in the Pf ATP6 gene as well as an increase in the frequency of a deletion mutant during this period. In addition, microsatellite analysis revealed that the resistant Pf dhfr , Pf dhps , and Pf crt genotypes have each evolved from a single founder haplotype, while Pf mdr-1 genotypes have evolved from at least two independent haplotypes. Importantly, this study demonstrates that the Peruvian triple mutant Pf dhps genotypes are very similar to those found in other parts of South America.

Abstract: OBJECTIVE—Using the genome-wide association approach, we recently identified the glucokinase regulatory protein gene (GCKR, rs780094) region as a novel quantitative trait locus for plasma triglyceride concentration in Europeans. Here, we sought to study the association of GCKR variants with metabolic phenotypes, including measures of glucose homeostasis, to evaluate the GCKR locus in samples of non-European ancestry and to fine- map across the associated genomic interval. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We performed association studies in 12 independent cohorts comprising & gt;45,000 individuals representing several ancestral groups (whites from Northern and Southern Europe, whites from the U.S., African Americans from the U.S., Hispanics of Caribbean origin, and Chinese, Malays, and Asian Indians from Singapore). We conducted genetic fine-mapping across the ∼417-kb region of linkage disequilibrium spanning GCKR and 16 other genes on chromosome 2p23 by imputing untyped HapMap single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genotyping 104 SNPs across the associated genomic interval. RESULTS—We provide comprehensive evidence that GCKR rs780094 is associated with opposite effects on fasting plasma triglyceride (Pmeta = 3 × 10−56) and glucose (Pmeta = 1 × 10−13) concentrations. In addition, we confirmed recent reports that the same SNP is associated with C-reactive protein (CRP) level (P = 5 × 10−5). Both fine-mapping approaches revealed a common missense GCKR variant (rs1260326, Pro446Leu, 34% frequency, r2 = 0.93 with rs780094) as the strongest association signal in the region. CONCLUSIONS—These findings point to a molecular mechanism in humans by which higher triglycerides and CRP can be coupled with lower plasma glucose concentrations and position GCKR in central pathways regulating both hepatic triglyceride and glucose metabolism.

Abstract: Leslie Allen and Timothy Laniak, Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther, reviewed by Michael W. Duggan Robert T. Anderson and Terry Giles, The Keepers: An Introduction to the History and Culture of the Samaritans, reviewed by Cathy A. Mirecki David L. Balch and Carolyn Osiek, eds., Early Christian Families in Context, reviewed by Joan Campbell Craig G. Bartholomew and Michael W. Goheen, The Drama of Scripture: Finding Our Place in the Biblical Story., reviewed by Matthew W.I. Dunn Helen K. Bond, Caiaphas: Friend of Rome and Judge of Jesus?, reviewed by Paul Spilsbury Oded Borowski, Daily Life in Biblical Times, reviewed by Brian P.Irwin Jo-Ann A. Brant, Dialogue and Drama: Elements of Greek Tragedy in the Fourth Gospel, reviewed by David J. Hawkin Athalya Brenner, I am ... Biblical Women Tell Their Own Stories, reviewed by AnnCulp Walter Brueggemann, The Land: The Place as Gift, Promise, and Challenge in Biblical Faith. 2nd ed, reviewed by Rebecca G.S. Idestrom Richard A. Burridge, What Are the Gospels? A Comparison with Graeco-Roman Biography, reviewed by Catherine Sider Hamilton Brevard S. Childs, The Struggle to Understand Isaiah as Christian Scripture, reviewed by Matthew W. I. Dunn Kathleen E. Corley and Robert L. Webb, eds., Jesus and Mel Gibson's The Passion of the Christ: The Film, the Gospels and the Claims of History., reviewed by Mary Ann Beavis David A. de Silva, Introducing theApocrypha: Message, Context, and Significance, reviewed by Stanley E. Porter John P. Dickson, Mission-Commitment in Ancient Judaism and in the Pauline Communities, reviewed by Stephen L. Chambers Carl S. Ehrlich, Bibel und Judentum: Beiträge aus dem christlich-jädischen Gespräch, reviewed by Ian W Scott Craig Evans, ed., From Prophecy to Testament: The Function of the Old Testament in the New, reviewed by Ryan D. Wettlaufer Roger W. Gehring, House Church and Mission: The Importance of Household Structures in Early Christianity, reviewed by Allison A. Trites Paduthottu G. George, The Rod in the Old Testament, reviewed by Ellen White Yizhar Hirschfeld, Qumran in Context: Reassessing the Archaeological Evidence, reviewed by Cecilia Wassen Frank-Lothar Hossfeld and Erich Zenger, Die Psalmen II: Psalm 51-100., reviewed by Tyler F. Williams Otto Kaiser, The Old TestamentApocrypha:Anlntroduction, reviewed by Edith M. Humphrey Gary N. Knoppers, I Chronicles. 2 vols. Anchor Bible, reviewed by Steven L. McKenzie A. Lindemann, ed., The Sayings Source Q and the Historical Jesus, reviewed by Robert Derrenbacker William R.G. Loader, Jesus'Attitude towards the Law: A Study a/the Gospels, reviewed by Daniel A. Smith William R.G. Loader, The Septuagint, Sexuality, and the New Testament: Case Studies on the Impact of the LXX in Philo and the New Testament, reviewed by William Richards Gary A. Long, Grammatical Concepts 101 for Biblical Hebrew: Learning Biblical Hebrew Grammatical Concepts through English Grammar., reviewed by Tyler F. Williams Harry O. Maier, Apocalypse Recalled: The Book of Revelation after Christendom, reviewed by John W. Marshall Yvan Mathieu, La figure de Pierre dans l' oeuvre de Luc (Evangile et Actes des Apotres),' Une approche synchronique, reviewed by Jean-François Racine Michele Murray, Playing a Jewish Game: Gentile Christian Judaizing in the First and Second Centuries CE, reviewed by Tony Chartrand-Burke Filip Noill, The Travel Narrative in the Gospel of Luke: Interpretation ofLk. 9,51-19,28, reviewed by Allison Trites Todd Penner, In Praise of Christian Origins: Stephen and the Hellenists in Lukan Apologetic Historiography, reviewed by Laura D. Alary Todd Penner and Caroline Vander Stichele, eds., Contextualizing Acts: Lukan Narrative and Greco-Roman Discourse, reviewed by Ian H. Henderson Stanley Porter, ed., Reading the Gospels Today, reviewed by Adrian M. Leske Andy M. Reimer, Miracle and Magic: A Study in the Acts of the Apostles and the Life of Apollonius of Tyana, reviewed by Steven C. Muir Rolf Rendtorff and Robert A. Kugler, eds., The Book of Leviticus: Composition & Reception, reviewed by Bernon P. Lee William A. Richards, Difference and Distance in Post-Pauline Christianity, reviewed by Mona Tokarek LaFosse Erin Runions, How Hysterical: Identification and Resistance in the Bible and Film, reviewed by David Jobling Leo Dupree Sandgren, The Shadow of God: Stories from Early Judaism, reviewed by Cathy A. Mirecki Charles H.H. Scobie, The Ways o/Our God: An Approach to Biblical Theology., reviewed by John J.Yeo David Shepherd, Targum and Translation: A Reconsideration of the Qumran Aramaic Version of Job, reviewed by WesleyHu Mark S. Smith, The Memoirs of God: History, Memory, and the Experience of the Divine in Ancient Israel., reviewed by Gordon Oeste F. Scott Spencer, Journeying Through Acts: A Literary-Cultural Reading, reviewed by David M. Miller Louis Stulman, Jeremiah, Abingdon Old Testament Commentaries, reviewed by Martin Kessler Bernard Taylor, John Lee, Peter Burton and Richard Whitaker, eds., Biblical Greek Language and Lexicography: Essays in Honor of Frederick W. Danker, reviewed by Murray Baker Brian J. Walsh and Sylvia Keesmaat, Colossians Remixed: Subverting the Empire, reviewed by Steve D. Black Jane S. Webster, Ingesting Jesus: Eating and Drinking in the Gospel of John, reviewed by Dan Froese Stephen Westerholm, Perspectives Old and New on Paul: The "Lutheran" Paul and His Critics, reviewed by Ryan D. Wettlaufer Bruce W. Winter, Roman Wives, Roman Widows, reviewed by Zeba A. Crook Patrick Collinson, The Reformation:A History, reviewed by Victor Shepherd D´niel Deme, The Christology of Anselm of Canterbury, reviewed by Greg Peters Alexis James Doval, Cyril of Jerusalem, Mystagogue: The Authorship of the Mystagogic Catecheses, reviewed by Pablo F. Argarate W. Ian P. Hazlett, The Reformation in Britain and Ireland, reviewed by Jon Vickery Charles Kannengiesser, Handbook of Patristic Exegesis, reviewed by Shawn W.J. Keough Christopher J. Kauffman, Patriotism and Fraternalism in the Knights of Columbus: A History of the Fourth Degree, reviewed by Mark G. McGowan A. Donald MacLeod, W. Stanford Reid: An Evangelical Calvinist in the Academy, reviewed by Victor Shepherd Hugh McCullum, Radical Compassion: The Life & Times of Archbishop Ted Scott, reviewed by Lynda Katsuno John Anthony McGuckin, ed., The Westminster Handbook to Origen, reviewed by Shawn w.J. Keough Jean-François Racine, The Text of Matthew in the Writings of Basil of Caesarea, reviewed by Shawn W.I. Keough Sam Reimer, Evangelicals and the Continental Divide, reviewed by Peter Beyer Robert F. Anderson and Mary K. Fukuyama, eds., Ministry in the Spiritual and Cultural Diversity of Healthcare: Increasing the Competency of Chaplains, reviewed by Colleen Lashmar Henry Close, Becoming a Forgiving Person: A Pastoral Perspective, reviewed by Colleen Lashmar Pamela Cooper-White, Shared Wisdom: Use of the Self in Pastoral Care and Counseling, reviewed by Kathleen O'Neill Richard Cote, Lazarus! Come Out! Why Faith Needs Imagination, reviewed by Dennis Patrick O'Hara Michael J. Gilmour, Tangled Up in the Bible: Bob Dylan and Scripture, reviewed by Andrew Donaldson Ivan Illich, The Rivers North of the Future: The Testament of Ivan Illich, reviewed by Stephen Morris Linda Jones and Sophie Stanes, eds. In a Dark Wood: Journeys of Faith and Doubt, reviewed by Kathleen O'Neill Andrew Sung Park, From Hurt to Healing: A Theology o/the Wounded, reviewed by Joseph G. Schner William E. Phipps, Clerical Celibacy: The Heritage, reviewed by Darren J. Dias James L. Resseguie, Spiritual Landscape: Images of the Spiritual Life in the Gospel of Luke, reviewed by Andrea K. Di Giovanni Robert Boak Slocum, ed., A Heart for the Future: Writings on the Christian Hope, reviewed by Mark L. Yenson Laurence F. Wilmot, M.C. Through the Hitler Line: Memoirs of an Infantry Chaplain, reviewed by Duff Crerar Dana R. Wright and John D. Kuentzel, eds., Redemptive Transformation in Practical Theology: Essays in Honour of James E. Loder, Jr., reviewed by Gary L. Redcliffe Phyllis D. Airhart, Marilyn J. Legge and Gary L. Redcliffe, eds., Doing Ethics in a Pluralistic World: Essays in Honour of Roger C. Hutchinson, reviewed by Ronald A. Mercier Daniel M. Bell, Liberation Theology After the End of History: The Rejitsal to Cease Suffering., reviewed by Michael Bourgeois Eberhard Busch, The Great Passion: An Introduction to Karl Barth s Theology, reviewed by Victor Shepherd Sung Wook Chung, Admiration and Challenge: Karl Barth's Theological Relationship with John Calvin, reviewed by Philip G. Ziegler John D. Dadosky, The Structure of Religious Knowing, reviewed by Robin Koning David F. Ford and Graham Stanton, eds., Reading Texts, Seeking Wisdom: Scripture and Theology, reviewed by Mark L. Yenson Roger Haight, Christian Community in History: Historical Ecclesiology. Vol. 1, reviewed by John D. Dadosky Reinhard Hutter, Bound to Be Free: Evangelical Catholic Engagements in Ecclesiology, Ethics, and Ecumenism, reviewed by Jeremy M. Bergen Robin M. Jensen, The Substance o/Things Seen: Art, Faith, and Christian Community., reviewed by Brenda Llewellyn Ihssen Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, The Doctrine of God: A Global Introduction: A Biblical, Historical & Contemporary Survey, reviewed by Jaroslav Z. Skira Gordon D. Kaufinan, In the beginning ... Creativity, reviewed by Cora Twohig-Moengangongo Paul D. Molnar, Divine Freedom and the Doctrine of the Immanent Trinity: In Dialogue with Karl Barth and Contemporary Theology, reviewed by Victor Shepherd Stephen J. Pope, ed., The Ethics of Aquinas, reviewed by Gilles Mongeau John G. Stackhouse, Jr., ed., Evangelical Ecclesiology, reviewed by Christopher M. Cook Stephen H. Webb, American Providence: A Nation with a Mission, reviewed by Brenda Llewellyn Ihssen

Abstract: Inducible defenses against oxidative stress are coordinated by redox-sensitive transcription factors that transduce oxidative damage into differential gene expression. The opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa has evolved under physiological and host-derived sources of oxidative stress. Previous work showed that the pqrABC and pqrR genes of P. aeruginosa , all lacking known functions, were induced by treatment of three different isolates of P. aeruginosa with paraquat (PQ), a superoxide-producing agent. Insertional mutation of the pqrABCR genes resulted in hypersensitive phenotypes to a variety of oxidants, although the hypersensitivity to PQ was marginal. Mutation of pqrR and complementation assays showed that PqrR regulated the pqrABC genes in response to PQ. PqrR, a member of the MarR family of transcriptional regulators, contains a C-terminal region with four conserved cysteines, which suggested redox-regulated transcriptional activity. Purified PqrR bound to two discrete sites at the pqrA and pqrR regulatory regions. The in vitro DNA binding activity of PqrR was decreased by exposure to air and reconstituted by treatment with dl -dithiothreitol. Elemental analysis and preliminary electron paramagnetic resonance experiments showed that PqrR contains iron. Interestingly, site-directed mutagenesis of C-terminal cysteines demonstrated that the four conserved cysteine residues are essential for in vivo redox sensing by PqrR.

Abstract: Dynamin 1 is a neuron-specific guanosine triphosphatase thought to be critically required for the fission reaction of synaptic vesicle endocytosis. Unexpectedly, mice lacking dynamin 1 were able to form functional synapses, even though their postnatal viability was limited. However, during spontaneous network activity, branched, tubular plasma membrane invaginations accumulated, capped by clathrin-coated pits, in synapses of dynamin 1–knockout mice. Synaptic vesicle endocytosis was severely impaired during strong exogenous stimulation but resumed efficiently when the stimulus was terminated. Thus, dynamin 1–independent mechanisms can support limited synaptic vesicle endocytosis, but dynamin 1 is needed during high levels of neuronal activity.