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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2007
    In:  Twin Research and Human Genetics Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2007-06-01), p. 479-485
    In: Twin Research and Human Genetics, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2007-06-01), p. 479-485
    Abstract: Genetic and environmental contributions to body size from birth to 5 years in a population-based twin cohort were studied. Sex differences in gene–environment etiology were also explored. Analyses used data from the Quebec Newborn Twin Study (QNTS), a population-based birth cohort of 672 twin pairs. The final sample consisted of 177 complete twin pairs. Heritability of weight was moderate at birth while common environmental factors accounted for almost half of the variance. Influence of family environment disappeared by 5 months and genetic effects were high (approximately 90%) for both sexes at 5 months and 5 years. Adjustment of weight for height yielded similar results as for weight alone. Slight but significant sex-limitation of genetic effects was observed at 5 months. Overall, genetic factors accounted for 40% of birthweight variance, with intrauterine environment influences explaining almost half. However, genetic factors accounted for most of the variance in weight. These results do not imply a lack of environmental effects on body weight, but rather a lack of: (1) environmental effects that are independent from genetic liability, and/or (2) a lack of significant environmental variation in the population (e.g., uniform nutritional habits) that leaves genetic differences between children to generate most of the variance in weight.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1832-4274 , 1839-2628
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2184274-7
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2009
    In:  Health Education & Behavior Vol. 36, No. 2 ( 2009-04), p. 302-320
    In: Health Education & Behavior, SAGE Publications, Vol. 36, No. 2 ( 2009-04), p. 302-320
    Abstract: Infant feeding guidelines recommend exclusive breast-feeding to the age of 6 months; complementary foods should not be introduced before this age. This study examined parent and infant psychosocial determinants of the early introduction of complementary foods. Analyses were conducted on a representative sample of children born in Québec (Canada) in 1998 ( n = 2,223), surveyed through the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development. Of the children, 61% received complementary foods prior to the age of 4 months. A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed the early introduction of complementary foods was more likely when mothers were younger, less educated, of lower socioeconomic class, and when they felt they had little influence on their child's development. Higher parental confidence in caring for the infant was also associated with the early introduction of complementary foods ( p ≤ .05). Future research must carefully consider the psychosocial aspects involved in adhering to infant feeding guidelines.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1090-1981 , 1552-6127
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    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2082564-X
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Elsevier BV ; 2008
    In:  Journal of the American Dietetic Association Vol. 108, No. 1 ( 2008-01), p. 35-
    In: Journal of the American Dietetic Association, Elsevier BV, Vol. 108, No. 1 ( 2008-01), p. 35-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0002-8223
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2102813-8
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2009
    In:  Public Health Nutrition Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2009-01), p. 19-28
    In: Public Health Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2009-01), p. 19-28
    Abstract: To examine the association between skipping breakfast, daily energy, macronutrients and food intakes, and BMI in pre-school children. Design A cross-sectional study using information on children’s food consumption and measured height and weight. Energy and macronutrient intakes of the children were derived from parent/day-care attendant’s responses to 24 h recall interviews and eating behaviour questionnaires. Setting Data obtained from a representative sample ( n 2103) of children born in Quebec (Canada) in 1998. Subjects One thousand five hundred and forty-nine children, with a mean age of 49 ( sd 3·12) months. Results Ten per cent of children ate breakfast on fewer than 7 days per week. This behaviour was associated with a lower diet quality and concentrated energy intakes through higher protein intakes at lunch and the consumption of snacks higher in energy and carbohydrate in the afternoon and evening; yet total daily energy intakes were not significantly different from those of pre-school children who ate breakfast every day. Breakfast skippers’ mean BMI increased as intake of energy, carbohydrates or servings of grain products increased; however, this was not the case for breakfast eaters. When Cole’s cut-off for overweight/obesity was used, overweight/obesity in breakfast skippers was related to the dinner-time consumption of approximately 3000 kJ (700 kcal) or more for energy intake, approximately 100 g or more of carbohydrates, or approximately 3 servings or more of grain products. Conclusions Eating breakfast every day is associated with having a healthy body weight, likely due to a more even distribution of energy intake across meals throughout the day.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1368-9800 , 1475-2727
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016337-X
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2008
    In:  Public Health Nutrition Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2008-12), p. 1267-1279
    In: Public Health Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2008-12), p. 1267-1279
    Abstract: The present paper examines the relationship between social factors, food consumption during television viewing, and overall television viewing and how these are associated with BMI when the role of familial and social factors are considered in a population-based birth cohort of pre-school children from Québec (Canada). Methods The analyses were performed using data from the Longitudinal Study of Child Development in Québec (1998–2002) (LSCDQ). The study follows a representative sample ( n 2103) of children born in 1998 in the Canadian province of Québec. A nutrition assessment was conducted on 1549 children aged 4·5 years and included a 24 h dietary recall, an eating behaviour and television viewing questionnaire, and a measurement of children’s heights and weights. Statistical analyses were performed. Results Nearly one-quarter of children ate at least twice daily in front of the television. Children who consumed snacks while watching television on a daily basis had higher BMI than children who did so less frequently. Children who ate snacks in front of the television every day, or some times during the week, ate more carbohydrates (total), more fat and less protein, fewer fruits and vegetables, and drank soft drinks more often than children who never ate snacks in front of the television. Conclusions Health professionals should target parents of children at risk of overweight/obesity with focused strategies to help children change the types of foods consumed during television viewing and to reduce the time spent watching television, particularly during meal times, which may change children’s dietary intake and eating patterns.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1368-9800 , 1475-2727
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016337-X
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2006
    In:  Public Health Nutrition Vol. 9, No. 4 ( 2006-06), p. 436-442
    In: Public Health Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 9, No. 4 ( 2006-06), p. 436-442
    Abstract: To analyse the socio-economic factors related to breakfast eating, the association between breakfast eating and overweight, and to gain a more thorough understanding of the relationship between these two elements in a population-based cohort of 4.5-year-old children. We hypothesised that a relationship could be observed between breakfast skipping and overweight independently of socio-economic factors such as ethnicity, maternal education, single parenting and family income. Design A population-based study whereby standardised nutritional interviews were conducted with each child's parent. The children's height and weight were taken by a trained nutritionist and parents were asked about their child's breakfast eating. Setting The analyses were performed using data from the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (1998–2002), conducted by Santé Québec (Canada). Subjects Subjects were 1549 children between the ages of 44 and 56 months, with a mean age of 49 months. Results Almost a tenth (9.8%) of the children did not eat breakfast every day. A greater proportion of children with immigrant mothers (19.4% vs. 8.3% from non-immigrant mothers), with mothers with no high school diploma (17.5% vs. 〈 10% for higher educated mothers) and from low-income families (15% for income of $39 999 or less vs. 5–10% for better income) did not eat breakfast every day. Not eating breakfast every day nearly doubled the odds (odds ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence interval 1.2–3.2) of being overweight at 4.5 years when mother's immigrant status, household income and number of overweight/obese parents were part of the analysis. Conclusion Although our results require replication before public policy changes can be advocated, encouraging breakfast consumption among pre-school children is probably warranted and targeting families of low socio-economic status could potentially help in the prevention of childhood obesity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1368-9800 , 1475-2727
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016337-X
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Elsevier BV ; 2005
    In:  Social Science & Medicine Vol. 60, No. 9 ( 2005-5), p. 2035-2044
    In: Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier BV, Vol. 60, No. 9 ( 2005-5), p. 2035-2044
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0277-9536
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1500748-0
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiley ; 2005
    In:  The Journal of Comparative Neurology Vol. 481, No. 4 ( 2005-01-24), p. 331-339
    In: The Journal of Comparative Neurology, Wiley, Vol. 481, No. 4 ( 2005-01-24), p. 331-339
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-9967 , 1096-9861
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1474879-4
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2005
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 102, No. 34 ( 2005-08-23), p. 12183-12188
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 102, No. 34 ( 2005-08-23), p. 12183-12188
    Abstract: Relatively little is known about the human genetics of susceptibility to common diseases caused by bacterial pathogens. Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis , is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. So far, genetic studies of tuberculosis susceptibility have largely been focused on adult patients despite the fact that tuberculosis is highly prevalent among children. To study the host genetic component of pediatric tuberculosis susceptibility, we enrolled 184 ethnically diverse families from the Greater Houston area with at least one child affected by pediatric tuberculosis disease. Using a family-based control design, we found allelic variants of the natural resistance-associated macrophage protein gene 1 ( NRAMP1 ) (alias SLC11A1 ) significantly associated with tuberculosis disease in this pediatric patient population [ P = 0.01; odds ratio = 1.75 (95% confidence interval, 1.10-2.77)]. The association of NRAMP1 with pediatric tuberculosis disease was significantly heterogeneous ( P = 0.01) between simplex [ P 〈 0.0008; odds ratio = 3.13 (1.54-6.25)] and multiplex families ( P = 1), suggesting an interplay between mechanisms of genetic control and exposure intensities. In striking contrast to previous studies in the adult population, we observed that the common alleles of NRAMP1 polymorphisms were risk factors for pediatric tuberculosis disease. To explain the different direction of allelic association between adult and pediatric disease, we hypothesize that NRAMP1 influences the speed of progression from infection to tuberculosis disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2006
    In:  BMC Genetics Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2006-12)
    In: BMC Genetics, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2006-12)
    Abstract: Genetic association studies aim at finding correlations between a disease state and genetic variations such as SNPs or combinations of SNPs, termed haplotypes. Some haplotypes have a particular biological meaning such as the ones derived from SNPs located in the promoters, or the ones derived from non synonymous SNPs. All these haplotypes are "subhaplotypes" because they refer only to a part of the SNPs found in the gene. Until now, subhaplotypes were directly computed from the very SNPs chosen to constitute them, without taking into account the rest of the information corresponding to the other SNPs located in the gene. In the present work, we describe an alternative approach, called the "global method", which takes into account all the SNPs known in the region and compare the efficacy of the two "direct" and "global" methods. Results We used empirical haplotypes data sets from the GH1 promoter and the APOE gene, and 10 simulated datasets, and randomly introduced in them missing information (from 0% up to 20%) to compare the 2 methods. For each method, we used the PHASE haplotyping software since it was described to be the best. We showed that the use of the "global method" for subhaplotyping leads always to a better error rate than the classical direct haplotyping. The advantage provided by this alternative method increases with the percentage of missing genotyping data (diminution of the average error rate from 25% to less than 10%). We applied the global method software on the GRIV cohort for AIDS genetic associations and some associations previously identified through direct subhaplotyping were found to be erroneous. Conclusion The global method for subhaplotyping can reduce, sometimes dramatically, the error rate on patient resolutions and haplotypes frequencies. One should thus use this method in order to minimise the risk of a false interpretation in genetic studies involving subhaplotypes. In practice the global method is always more efficient than the direct method, but a combination method taking into account the level of missing information in each subject appears to be even more interesting when the level of missing information becomes larger ( 〉 10%).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1471-2156
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2041497-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3058779-7
    SSG: 12
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