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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Multisensor Estimation of Mixing Heights over a Coastal City
    American Meteorological Society ; 2008
    In:  Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology Vol. 47, No. 1 ( 2008-01-01), p. 27-43
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 47, No. 1 ( 2008-01-01), p. 27-43
    Abstract: An airborne microwave temperature profiler (MTP) was deployed during the Texas 2000 Air Quality Study (TexAQS-2000) to make measurements of boundary layer thermal structure. An objective technique was developed and tested for estimating the mixed layer (ML) height from the MTP vertical temperature profiles. The technique identifies the ML height as a threshold increase of potential temperature from its minimum value within the boundary layer. To calibrate the technique and evaluate the usefulness of this approach, coincident estimates from radiosondes, radar wind profilers, an aerosol backscatter lidar, and in situ aircraft measurements were compared with each other and with the MTP. Relative biases among all instruments were generally less than 50 m, and the agreement between MTP ML height estimates and other estimates was at least as good as the agreement among the other estimates. The ML height estimates from the MTP and other instruments are utilized to determine the spatial and temporal evolution of ML height in the Houston, Texas, area on 1 September 2000. An elevated temperature inversion was present, so ML growth was inhibited until early afternoon. In the afternoon, large spatial variations in ML height developed across the Houston area. The highest ML heights, well over 2 km, were observed to the north of Houston, while downwind of Galveston Bay and within the late afternoon sea breeze ML heights were much lower. The spatial variations that were found away from the immediate influence of coastal circulations were unexpected, and multiple independent ML height estimates were essential for documenting this feature.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1558-8432 , 1558-8424
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/2007JAMC1503.1
    RVK:
    UA 4547
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2008
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Modeling of the Coastal Boundary Layer and Pollutant Transport in New England
    American Meteorological Society ; 2006
    In:  Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology Vol. 45, No. 1 ( 2006-01-01), p. 137-154
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 45, No. 1 ( 2006-01-01), p. 137-154
    Abstract: Concentrations of ozone exceeding regulatory standards are regularly observed along the coasts of New Hampshire and Maine in summer. These events are primarily caused by the transport of pollutants from urban areas in Massachusetts and farther south and west. Pollutant transport is most efficient over the ocean. The coastline makes transport processes complex because it makes the structure of the atmospheric boundary layer complex. During pollution episodes, the air over land in daytime is warmer than the sea surface, so air transported from land over water becomes statically stable and the formerly well-mixed boundary layer separates into possibly several layers, each transported in a different direction. This study examines several of the atmospheric boundary layer processes involved in pollutant transport. A three-dimensional model [the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS)] run on grids of 2.5 and 7.5 km is used to examine the winds, thermodynamic structure, and structure of tracer plumes emitted from Boston, Massachusetts, and New York City, New York, in two different real cases—one dominated by large-scale transport (22–23 July 2002) and one with important mesoscale effects (11–14 August 2002). The model simulations are compared with measurements taken during the 2002 New England Air Quality Study. The model simulates the basic structure of the two different episodes well. The boundary layer stability over the cold water is weaker in the model than in reality. The tracer allows for easy visualization of the pollutant transport.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1558-8432 , 1558-8424
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JAM2333.1
    RVK:
    UA 4547
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2006
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An Integrated Turbulence Scheme for Boundary Layers with Shallow Cumulus Applied to Pollutant Transport
    American Meteorological Society ; 2005
    In:  Journal of Applied Meteorology Vol. 44, No. 9 ( 2005-09-01), p. 1436-1452
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Meteorology, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 44, No. 9 ( 2005-09-01), p. 1436-1452
    Abstract: A scheme is described that provides an integrated description of turbulent transport in free convective boundary layers with shallow cumulus. The scheme uses a mass-flux formulation, as is commonly found in cumulus schemes, and a 1.5-order closure, involving turbulent kinetic energy and eddy diffusivity. Both components are active in both the subcloud and cloud layers. The scheme is called “mass flux–diffusion.” In the subcloud layer, the mass-flux component provides nonlocal transport. The scheme combines elements from schemes that are conceptually similar but differ in detail. An entraining plume model is used to find the mass flux. The mass flux is continuous through the cloud base. The lateral fractional entrainment rate is constant with height, while the detrainment-rate profile reduces the mass flux smoothly to zero at the cloud top. The eddy diffusivity comes from a turbulent kinetic energy–length scale formulation. The scheme has been implemented in a simple one-dimensional (single column) model. Results of simulations of a standard case that has been used for other model intercomparisons [Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM), 21 June 1997] are shown and indicate that the scheme provides good results. The model also simulates the profile of a conserved scalar; this capability is applied to a case from the 1999 Southern Oxidants Study Nashville (Tennessee) experiment, where it produces good simulations of vertical profiles of carbon monoxide in a cloud-topped boundary layer.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1520-0450 , 0894-8763
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JAM2284.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2005
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Structure and formation of the highly stable marine boundary layer over the Gulf of Maine
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2006
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 111, No. D23 ( 2006-12-16)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 111, No. D23 ( 2006-12-16)
    Abstract: A shallow, stable boundary layer is ubiquitous over the cool waters of the Gulf of Maine in summer. This layer affects pollutant transport throughout the region by isolating overlying flow from the surface. In this paper, we explore how the stable boundary layer is formed and describe its characteristics. The temperature profile of the lowest 1–2 km of the atmosphere over the Gulf of Maine is remarkably similar regardless of transport time over water or the time of day when the flow left the land, provided only that the flow is offshore. This similarity is forced by the (roughly) constant water temperature and the (roughly) constant temperature of the free troposphere over the continent. However, the processes leading to the similar profiles are quite different depending on the time of day when the flow crosses the coast. Air leaving the coast at night already has a stable profile, whereas air leaving the coast at midday or afternoon has a deep mixed layer. In the latter case, the stable layer formation over the water is of interest. Using observations of surface fluxes, profiles, and winds on the NOAA Research Vessel Ronald H. Brown from the 2004 International Consortium for Atmospheric Research in Transport and Transformation (ICARTT)/New England Air Quality Study, we show that the formation of the stable layer, which involves cooling a roughly 50‐ to 100‐m‐deep layer by 5–15 K, occurs within 10 km and a half hour after leaving the coast. The internal boundary layer near shore is deeper than predicted by standard relationships. Historical data are explored and also show deeper internal boundary layers than predicted. We also describe one exceptional case where a 200‐m‐deep neutral layer was observed and discuss the degree of isolation of the stable boundary layer and its duration.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2006JD007465
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2006
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    SSG: 16,13
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Vertical profiles in NO 3 and N 2 O 5 measured from an aircraft: Results from the NOAA P-3 and surface platforms during the New England Air Quality Study 2004
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2007
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research Vol. 112, No. D22 ( 2007-11-21)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 112, No. D22 ( 2007-11-21)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2007JD008883
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2007
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161665-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094268-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 710256-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016804-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094181-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094219-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094167-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2220777-6
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    SSG: 16,13
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    Online Resource
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mesoscale model performance with assimilation of wind profiler data: Sensitivity to assimilation parameters and network configuration
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2007
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research Vol. 112, No. D9 ( 2007-05-15)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 112, No. D9 ( 2007-05-15)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2006JD007633
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033040-6
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2130824-X
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016810-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403298-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016800-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161666-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161667-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2969341-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161665-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094268-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 710256-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016804-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094181-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094219-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094167-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2220777-6
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    SSG: 16,13
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    Online Resource
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Transitional, entraining, cloudy, and coastal boundary layers
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2008
    In:  Acta Geophysica Vol. 56, No. 1 ( 2008-3), p. 2-20
    Details
    In: Acta Geophysica, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 56, No. 1 ( 2008-3), p. 2-20
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1895-6572 , 1895-7455
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2478/s11600-007-0035-1
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2231673-5
    SSG: 16,13
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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