Note: Cover Page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Chromosome 22 Deletion Syndrome And Schizophrenia -- I. Introduction -- II. 22q11DS: Mechanism of the Deletion -- III. 22q11DS: Clinical Phenotype -- IV. 22q11DS: Psychosis -- V. 22q11DS: Neuropathology -- VI. 22q11DS: Positional Cloning Schizophrenia Susceptibility Loci -- VII. 22q11DS: Murine Models -- VIII. Catechol-O-Methyltransferase -- IX. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2: Characterization of Proteome of Human Cerebrospinal Fluid -- I. Introduction -- II. Materials and Methods -- A. Collection of Human CSF by Lumbar Puncture and Exclusion Criteria -- B. CSF Sample Preparation and Fractionation with SDS-PAGE -- C. In-Gel Digestion -- D. Protein Identification Using LC Followed by LCQ-MS -- E. Protein Identification Using Off-Line SCX Chromatography Followed by LTQ-FT MS -- F. Data Processing and Analysis -- III. Results -- A. Proteins Identified by muLC-LCQ-MS/MS -- B. Proteins Identified by nanoLC-LTQ-FT MS/MS Following Off-Line SCX Separation -- C. Reexamination of Previously Identified Proteins -- D. Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3: Hormonal Pathways Regulating Intermale And Interfemale Aggression -- I. Introduction -- A. Common Regulatory Concepts in Males and Females -- II. Females -- A. DHEA as a Neurosteroid -- III. Males -- A. Regulation in the Adult -- B. Neural Steroid Receptors -- IV. Hormonal Modulation of Serotonin Function -- V. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4: Neuronal GAP Junctions: Expression, Function, And Implications For Behavior -- I. A Brief History of Gap Junctions -- II. Gap Junction Structure -- III. Gap Junctions in the Brain -- IV. Electrical Coupling in the Brain -- V. Properties and Function of Electrical Synapses -- VI. Modulation of Electrical Synapses and Gap-Junctional Coupling. , VII. Use-Dependent Plasticity -- VIII. Local Factors: Voltage, pH, and Calcium -- IX. Neurotransmitter and Second Messenger Modulation -- X. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 5: Effects of Genes and Stress on the Neurobiology of Depression -- I. Introduction -- II. Stress and Depression -- III. Genetics and Depression -- IV. Serotonergic System -- V. Candidate Gene Studies of the Serotonergic System -- A. Serotonin Transporter -- B. Serotonin Receptors -- C. Other Serotonin Receptors -- D. Tryptophan Hydroxylase -- VI. Current Stress and the Serotonergic System -- A. Early Life Stress and the Serotonergic System -- VII. Gene Stress Interaction -- VIII. Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical (HPA) Axis -- A. Genetics and the HPA Axis -- B. Early Life Stress and the HPA Axis -- IX. Noradrenergic System -- A. Genetics and the Noradrenergic System -- B. Current Stress and the Noradrenergic System -- C. Early Life Stress and the Noradrenergic System -- X. Dopaminergic System in Depression -- A. Genetics and the Dopaminergic System -- B. Current Stress and the Dopaminergic System -- C. Early Life Stress and the Dopaminergic System -- XI. GABAergic System -- A. Genetics and the GABAergic System -- B. Early Life Stress and the GABAergic System -- XII. Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor -- A. Genetics and BDNF -- B. Current Stress and BDNF -- C. Early Life Stress and BDNF -- XIII. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6: Quantitative Imaging with the Micro-pet Small-Animal Pet Tomograph -- I. Introduction -- II. Setup and Calibration -- A. Scanner Setup -- B. Calibration -- C. Quality Control -- D. External Radioactivity Measurements -- E. Animal Positioning -- III. Physical Corrections -- A. Randoms -- B. Deadtime -- C. Attenuation -- D. Scatter -- E. Normalization -- F. Natural Background Radioactivity of LSO -- IV. Image Reconstruction. , V. Data Analysis -- A. Anatomical Segmentation and Image Registration -- B. Partial Volume Correction -- VI. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7: Understanding Myelination Through Studying Its Evolution -- I. Introduction -- II. Evidence that Glial Cells First Interacted with Large Axons in a "Nonmyelin" Relationship -- III. Myelin-like Sheaths in Invertebrates -- A. Morphological Considerations -- B. Physiological Properties of Invertebrate Myelinated Fibers -- C. Biochemical Properties of Invertebrate Myelinated Fibers -- D. Concluding Remarks on Invertebrate Fiber Myelination -- IV. Vertebrate Myelinated Nervous System -- A. Morphological Features -- B. Biochemical and Molecular Features of Vertebrate Myelin Sheaths -- C. Differentiation of Myelinating CNS and PNS Glial Cells -- V. Use of Comparative Myelin Studies to Understand CNS Regeneration -- A. Myelin Inhibition, a Historical Perspective -- B. Characterization of Regeneration Inhibitors in Mammals -- C. Phylogeny of CNS Regeneration -- D. Comparative Genomics of the Myelin Inhibitory Machinery -- E. CNS Regeneration Despite Myelin Inhibitors-Does the Immune System Make the Difference? -- F. Conclusion: Collision of Biological Necessity and Clinical Needs -- VI. Future Studies of Myelin Evolution -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Index -- Contents of Recent Volumes.

Note: front cover -- copyright -- table of contents -- contributors -- MAPPING NEURORECEPTORS AT WORK: ON THE DEFINITION AND INTERPRETATION OF BINDING POTENTIALS AFTER 20 YEARS OF PROGRESS -- I. Twenty Years of Progress -- II. Remaining Issues -- III. Solutions -- References 1 -- MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION IN BIPOLAR DISORDER: FROM MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPIC FINDINGS TO THEIR MOLECULAR MECHANISMS -- I. Introduction 2 -- II. Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy -- III. Near-Infrared Spectroscopy -- IV. Molecular Genetic Findings -- V. Roles of Mitochondrial Calcium Regulation -- VI. Conclusions -- References 2 -- LARGE-SCALE MICROARRAY STUDIES OF GENE EXPRESSION IN MULTIPLE REGIONS OF THE BRAIN IN SCHIZOPHRENIA AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE -- I. Introduction 3 -- II. Gene Expression Profiling Using Microarrays: Technologies Overview -- III. Postmortem Brains and Gene Expression Studies -- IV. Comparison of Gene Expression Profiles among Normal Brain Regions -- V. Gene Expression Profiles of Brain Regions in Alzheimer's Disease -- VI. Gene Expression Profiling in Schizophrenia -- VII. Future Perspectives -- References 3 -- REGULATION OF SEROTONIN 2C RECEPTOR PRE-mRNA EDITING BY SEROTONIN -- I. Introduction 4 -- II. Modification of RNA Sequences by RNA Editing via Hydrolytic Deaminations of Adenosines -- III. Enzymes Responsible for A-to-I Editing and Their Substrate Requirements -- IV. A-to-I Editing of the 5- HT2C Receptor Pre- mRNA -- V. Modulation of 5- HT2C Receptor Function by RNA Editing -- VI. 5- HT2C Pre- mRNA Editing Responses to Sustained Changes of Postsynaptic 5-HT2C Receptor Activation -- VII. 5- HT2C Pre- mRNA Editing in the Human Prefrontal Cortex and Alterations in Editing-Site Preferences in Brains of Subjects with Major Depression -- VIII. Conclusions and Future Directions -- References 4. , THE DOPAMINE HYPOTHESIS OF DRUG ADDICTION: HYPODOPAMINERGIC STATE -- I. Drug Addiction as a Brain Disease -- II. The Mesolimbic Dopamine System -- III. Behavioral Animal Models -- IV. Biochemical Studies -- V. Primate Studies -- VI. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments 5 -- References 5 -- HUMAN AND ANIMAL SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES ARE AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES: A NOVEL THEORY AND ITS SUPPORTING EVIDENCE -- I. Introduction 6 -- II. A New Theory on the Mechanism of Pathogenesis of Spongiform Encephalopathies (SEs) -- III. Supporting Evidence -- IV. Early Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Various SE Diseases -- V. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments 6 -- References 6 -- ADENOSINE AND BRAIN FUNCTION -- I. Introduction 7 -- II. Regulation of Brain Adenosine Levels in the Central Nervous System -- III. Adenosine Receptors -- IV. Functions of Adenosine Receptors -- V. Adenosine-Dopamine Interactions in Brain -- VI. Phenotypes of Knockout Mice -- VII. Adenosine Receptors and Protection against Ischemic and Excitotoxic Brain Injuries -- VIII. Adenosine A2A Receptors and Neurodegenerative Disorders -- IX. Adenosine Receptors and Psychiatric Disorders -- X. Adenosine and the Regulation of Sleep- Wake Cycles -- XI. Adenosine and Epilepsy -- XII. Adenosine and Pain -- Acknowledgments 7 -- References 7 -- Index -- Contents of Recent Volumes.