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  • 1
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    Variability in grazer-mediated defensive responses of green and red macroalgae on the south coast of South Africa (2006)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 149 (6). pp. 1301-1311.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-02-04
    Description: Variabilities in the responses of several South African red and green macroalgae to direct grazing and the responses of one green alga to cues from grazers were tested. We used two feeding experiments: (1) testing the induced responses of three red and one green algae to direct grazing by mesograzers and (2) a multi-treatment experiment, in which the direct and indirect effects of one macrograzer species on the green alga Codium platylobium were assessed. Consumption rates were assessed in feeding assays with intact algal pieces and with agar pellets containing non-polar extracts of the test algae. Defensive responses were induced for intact pieces of Galaxaura diessingiana, but were not induced in pellets, suggesting either morphological defence or chemical defence using polar compounds other than polyphenols. In contrast, exposure to grazing stimulated consumption of Gracilaria capensis and Hypnea spicifera by another grazing species. In the multi-treatment experiment, waterborne cues from both grazing and non-grazing snails induced defensive algal traits in C. platylobium. We suggest that inducible defences among macroalgae are not restricted to brown algae, but that both the responses of algae to grazers and of grazers to the defences of macroalgae are intrinsically variable and complex.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/s00227-006-0320-6
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 2
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    Temporal variance of disturbance did not affect diversity and structure of a marine fouling community in north-eastern New Zealand (2007)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 153 (2). pp. 199-211.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-07
    Description: Natural heterogeneity in ecological parameters, like population abundance, is more widely recognized and investigated than variability in the processes that control these parameters. Experimental ecologists have focused mainly on the mean intensity of predictor variables and have largely ignored the potential to manipulate variances in processes, which can be considered explicitly in experimental designs to explore variation in causal mechanisms. In the present study, the effect of the temporal variance of disturbance on the diversity of marine assemblages was tested in a field experiment replicated at two sites on the northeast coast of New Zealand. Fouling communities grown on artificial settlement substrata experienced disturbance regimes that differed in their inherent levels of temporal variability and timing of disturbance events, while disturbance intensity was identical across all levels. Additionally, undisturbed assemblages were used as controls. After 150 days of experimental duration, the assemblages were then compared with regard to their species richness, abundance and structure. The disturbance effectively reduced the average total cover of the assemblages, but no consistent effect of variability in the disturbance regime on the assemblages was detected. The results of this study were corroborated by the outcomes from simultaneous replicate experiments carried out in each of eight different biogeographical regions around the world.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/s00227-007-0798-6
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    Epibiosis: Ecology, Effects and Defenses (2009)
    Springer
    In:  In: Marine Hard Bottom Communities: patterns, dynamics, diversity, and change. , ed. by Wahl, M. Springer Series: Ecological Studies, 206 . Springer, Heidelberg, pp. 61-72. ISBN 978-3-540-92703-7
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-05
    Type: Book chapter , PeerReviewed
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    OceanRep: Book chapter
  • 4
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    Habitat characteristics and typical functional groups (2009)
    Springer
    In:  In: Marine Hard Bottom Communities: patterns, dynamics, diversity, and change. , ed. by Wahl, M. Springer Series: Ecological Studies, 206 . Springer, Heidelberg, pp. 7-17. ISBN 978-3-540-92703-7
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-05
    Type: Book chapter , PeerReviewed
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    OceanRep: Book chapter
  • 5
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    Muscling in on mussels: new insights into bivalve behaviour using vertebrate remote-sensing technology (2005)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 147 . pp. 1165-1172.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-07
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/s00227-005-0021-6
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 6
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    Consumer diversity enhances secondary production by complementarily effects in experimental ciliate assemblages (2008)
    Springer
    In:  Estuaries and Coasts, 31 . pp. 152-162.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-12-22
    Description: Diversity within distinct trophic groups is proposed to increase ecosystem functions such as the productivity of this group and the efficiency of resource use. This proposition has mainly been tested with plant communities, consumer assemblages, and multitrophic microbial assemblages. Very few studies tested how this diversity-productivity relationship varies under different environmental regimes such as disturbances. Coastal benthic assemblages are strongly affected by temporal instability of abiotic conditions. Therefore, we manipulated benthic ciliate species richness in three laboratory experiments with three diversity levels each and analyzed biomass production over time in the presence or absence of a single application of a disturbance (ultraviolet-B [UVB] radiation). In two out of three experiments, a clear positive relationship between diversity and productivity was found, and also the remaining experiment showed a small but nonsignificant effect of diversity. Disturbance significantly reduced the total ciliate biomass, but did not alter the relation between species richness and biomass production. Significant overyielding (i.e., higher production at high diversity) was observed, and additive partitioning indicated that this was caused by niche complementarity between ciliate species. Species-specific contribution to the total biomass varied idiosyncratically with species richness, disturbance, and composition of the community. We thus present evidence for a significant effect of consumer diversity on consumer biomass in a coastal ciliate assemblage, which remained consistent at different disturbance regimes.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/s12237-007-9015-6
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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