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  • SAGE Publications  (84)
  • 2005-2009  (84)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Antiarrhythmic Effect and Possible Ionic Mechanisms of Pilocarpine on Animal Models
    SAGE Publications ; 2009
    In:  Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2009-09), p. 242-247
    Details
    In: Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, SAGE Publications, Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2009-09), p. 242-247
    Abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the effects of pilocarpine and explore the underlying ionic mechanism, using both aconitine-induced rat and ouabain-induced guinea pig arrhythmia models. Confocal microscopy was used to measure intracellular free-calcium concentrations ([Ca 2+ ] i ) in isolated myocytes. The current data showed that pilocarpine significantly delayed onset of arrhythmias, decreased the time course of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation, reduced arrhythmia score, and increased the survival time of arrhythmic rats and guinea pigs. [Ca 2+ ] i overload induced by aconitine or ouabain was reduced in isolated myocytes pretreated with pilocarpine. Moreover, M 3 -muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist 4-DAMP (4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine-methiodide) partially abolished the beneficial effects of pilocarpine. These data suggest that pilocarpine produced antiarrhythmic actions on arrhythmic rat and guinea pig models induced by aconitine or ouabain via stimulating the cardiac M 3 -mAChR. The mechanism may be related to the improvement of Ca 2+ handling.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1074-2484 , 1940-4034
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1074248409339308
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2230155-0
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Biofilms and Mucosal Healing in Postsurgical Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis
    SAGE Publications ; 2009
    In:  American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy Vol. 23, No. 5 ( 2009-09), p. 506-511
    Details
    In: American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy, SAGE Publications, Vol. 23, No. 5 ( 2009-09), p. 506-511
    Abstract: Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) often remain symptomatic after technically proficient functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Current hypothesis indicates biofilms may contribute to the persistence of infection. However, few studies showed biofilms in postoperative patients. This study was designed to identify bacterial biofilms on postoperative mucosa, as well as to investigate the healing of sinus mucosa after surgery. Methods After intraoperative mucosa was obtained for assessment of biofilms, 27 patients were followed up for 6 months. Postoperative medications and symptoms were recorded. As indicated by endoscopic evaluation, biopsy specimens of postoperative edema, scar, or adhesion were obtained. Samples were prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining. Results Fifteen postoperative samples were taken from the 20 patients with intraoperative biofilms. Under SEM, postoperative biofilms were identified in 4/6 scar samples and 5/9 edema samples. There was no significant difference in biofilm presence between samples of scar and edema. Microcolonies were also identified on postoperative scar under H & E staining. The presence of intraoperative and postoperative biofilms was correlated with the severity of preoperative Lund-MacKay computed tomography score and postoperative Lund-Kennedy endoscopic score. Compared with intraoperative samples, postoperative samples from the same nine patients significantly recovered from ciliary damage, metaplasia, and basement membrane thickness. Postoperative cultures were positive in samples with and without postoperative biofilms. Conclusion Biofilms persist after treatment, and may cause the unfavorable outcomes of surgery for CRS. The mucosa with biofilms can recover after surgery. Apparent bacterial plaque can be identified by H & E staining.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1945-8924 , 1945-8932
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2009.23.3376
    RVK:
    XA 20278
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2554548-6
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of Acupuncture on the Brain in Children With Spastic Cerebral Palsy Using Functional Neuroimaging (fMRI)
    SAGE Publications ; 2008
    In:  Journal of Child Neurology Vol. 23, No. 11 ( 2008-11), p. 1267-1274
    Details
    In: Journal of Child Neurology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 23, No. 11 ( 2008-11), p. 1267-1274
    Abstract: We study the effect of acupuncture on brain activation patterns in children with cerebral palsy using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). fMRI of the whole brain was performed in 11 children with cerebral palsy and 10 healthy children during stimulation of a common acupoint in Traditional Medicine [Liv3 (Taichong)] on the left foot. We use both twisting and nontwisting methods with a blocked paradigm on a 2.0 Tesla MRI scanner. Functional data were analyzed by using Statistical Parametric Mapping software (SPM 99). Both signal increase and decrease in various regions of the brain were found in both groups of children. However, the pattern was different for the 2 groups, especially with decreases in signal regions. We suggest that the observed differences between children with cerebral palsy and healthy children with the stimulation of acupoint Liv3 might be due to blockage of the liver meridian in children with cerebral palsy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0883-0738 , 1708-8283
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0883073808318049
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2068710-2
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Refractoriness of the Sheep Superior Vena Cava Myocardial Sleeve
    SAGE Publications ; 2008
    In:  Experimental Biology and Medicine Vol. 233, No. 11 ( 2008-11), p. 1441-1447
    Details
    In: Experimental Biology and Medicine, SAGE Publications, Vol. 233, No. 11 ( 2008-11), p. 1441-1447
    Abstract: The cardiomyocytes in the superior vena cava (SVC) myocardial sleeve have distinct action potentials and ionic current profiles, but the refractoriness of these cells has not been reported. Using standard intracellular microelectrode techniques, we demonstrated in sheep that the effective refractory period (ERP) of the cardiomyocytes in the SVC (114.7 ± 6.5 ms) is shorter than that in the inferior vena cava (IVC) (166.7 ± 6.2 ms), right atrial free wall (RAFW) (201.0 ± 6.0 ms) and right atrial appendage (RAA) (203.1 ± 5.8 ms) ( P 〈 0.05). The right atrial cardiomyocyte ERP was heterogeneously shortened by acetylcholine, a muscarinic type 2 receptor (M 2 R) agonist. After perfusion with 15 μM acetylcholine, the shortest ERP occurred in the SVC (the ERP in the SVC, IVC, RAFW and RAA was 53.6 ± 2.7, 98.9 ± 2.2, 121.8 ± 6.0 and 109.7 ± 5.1 ms, respectively; P 〈 0.05). Carbachol (1 μM), another M 2 R agonist, produced a similar effect as acetylcholine. Furthermore, we used methoctramine, a M 2 R blocker, 4-DAMP, a muscarinic type 3 receptor (M 3 R) blocker, and tropicamide, a muscarinic type 4 receptor (M 4 R) blocker to inhibit the acetylcholine-induced ERP shortening of SVC cardiomyocytes, and found that the 50% inhibitory concentration for methoctramine, 4-DAMP and tropicamide was 5.91, 45.72 and 80.34 nM, respectively. Therefore, we conclude that the sheep SVC myocardial sleeve is a unique electrophysiological region of the right atrium with the shortest ERP both under physiological condition and under cholinergic agonist stimulation. M 2 R might play a major role in the response of the SVC myocardial sleeve to parasympathetic nerve tone. The association between the distinct refractoriness in SVC and atrial fibrillation originating from the region deserves further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1535-3702 , 1535-3699
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3181/0803-RM-102
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020856-X
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Potassium Channel Blockers on Changes in Refractoriness of Atrial Cardiomyocytes Induced by Stretch
    SAGE Publications ; 2009
    In:  Experimental Biology and Medicine Vol. 234, No. 7 ( 2009-07), p. 779-784
    Details
    In: Experimental Biology and Medicine, SAGE Publications, Vol. 234, No. 7 ( 2009-07), p. 779-784
    Abstract: Shortening of the effective refractory period (ERP) is regarded as one of the key mechanisms of atrial fibrillation (AF). Stretch is an important predisposing factor in the pathogenesis of AF. However, effective methods to counteract alteration of ERP induced by stretch still need to be explored. Although potassium channels play important roles in cardiac repolarization and refractoriness, the effects of potassium channel blockers on the alteration of repolarization and refractoriness induced by stretch are still unknown. Action potential duration (APD) and ERP were recorded using the standard intracellular microelectrode technique in the left atrial appendage cardiomyocytes of guinea pigs. Stretch accelerated repolarization of atrial cardiomyocytes and also shortened the ERP ( P 〈 0.05). Dofetilide, a rapid delayed rectifying potassium ion channel (I Kr ) blocker; 4-AP, a transient outward potassium ion channel (I to ) blocker; and BaCl 2 , an inward rectifying potassium ion channel (I K1 ) blocker could counteract the shortening of APD and ERP ( P 〈 0.01). Glibenclamide, an ATP-sensitive potassium ion channel (I KATP ) blocker; 293-B, a slow delayed rectifying potassium channel (I Ks ) blocker; and DPO-1, an ultra-rapid delayed rectifying potassium ion channel (I Kur ) blocker all had no effect on APD and ERP ( P 〉 0.05). Stretch could accelerate repolarization of atrial cardiomyocytes and shorten their ERP, and the I to , I Kr , and I K1 blockers could counteract the effects of stretch.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1535-3702 , 1535-3699
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3181/0902-RM-45
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020856-X
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Sedimentological Characteristics of the Coal Seams of Yacheng Formation in Qiongdongnan Basin, China
    SAGE Publications ; 2009
    In:  Energy Exploration & Exploitation Vol. 27, No. 6 ( 2009-12), p. 411-424
    Details
    In: Energy Exploration & Exploitation, SAGE Publications, Vol. 27, No. 6 ( 2009-12), p. 411-424
    Abstract: Yacheng Formation has been divided into one cycle sequence of ultra long-period, three cylce sequences of long-period and 12 cycle sequences of intermediate period based on data from comprehensive drilling cores, logging, the seismic survey and former studies. Every sequence and its interface have the corresponding response in lithology, facies, logging, and earthquake data. The development and transformation of the base level cycle of intermediate period in Yacheng Formation were controlled by the tectonic subsidence and the global sea level eustacy. Because the rising rate of the tectonic subsidence was obviously higher than that of the global sea-level. The dominating action of the tectonic subsidence was more obviously on the base-level cycle. The coal formation of Yacheng Formation was mainly caused by gelatination. The coal seams were mainly developed in the peat swamp of the delta plain of braided river and the upper intertidal zone and the supralittoral zone of tidal plat. In the early period of Yacheng Formation, the main coal-forming systems was mainly the braided river—braided river delta system, while in the late period, it was mainly the tidal plat—lagoon system.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0144-5987 , 2048-4054
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1260/0144-5987.27.6.411
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2026571-2
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Magnetic resonance imaging of primary cerebral gliosarcoma: a report of 15 cases
    SAGE Publications ; 2008
    In:  Acta Radiologica Vol. 49, No. 9 ( 2008-11), p. 1058-1067
    Details
    In: Acta Radiologica, SAGE Publications, Vol. 49, No. 9 ( 2008-11), p. 1058-1067
    Abstract: Background: Gliosarcomas are rare tumors with mixed glial and mesenchymal components. Many of their radiologic features resemble those of other primary brain malignancies. Purpose: To investigate the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features of gliosarcomas. Material and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the MR images, pathology reports, and clinical information of 11 male and four female patients aged 15–71 years to evaluate the location, morphology, enhancement, and other features of their pathologically confirmed gliosarcomas. Results: Apart from one tumor in the right cerebellar hemisphere, all were supratentorial. Two tumors were intraventricular, and four involved the corpus callosum. The tumors were well demarcated, with an inhomogeneous or cystic appearance and moderate-to-extensive surrounding edema. Thick walls with strong rim and ring-like enhancement were observed in 13 (87%). Seven (47%) showed intratumoral paliform enhancement. Conclusion: Gliosarcoma demonstrates certain characteristic MR features, such as supratentorial and peripheral location, well-demarcated, abutting a dural surface, uneven and thick-walled rim-like or ring enhancement, as well as intratumoral strip enhancement. These findings, combined with patient age, can aid the differential diagnosis of gliosarcomas from more common primary brain tumors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0284-1851 , 1600-0455
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/02841850802314796
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2024579-8
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Hyperbaric Oxygen Preconditioning Alleviates Myocardial Ischemic Injury in Rats
    SAGE Publications ; 2008
    In:  Experimental Biology and Medicine Vol. 233, No. 11 ( 2008-11), p. 1448-1453
    Details
    In: Experimental Biology and Medicine, SAGE Publications, Vol. 233, No. 11 ( 2008-11), p. 1448-1453
    Abstract: It has been shown that after ischemia-reperfusion, application of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) reduces cardiac injury. In this study we tested the hypothesis that HBO preconditioning reduces injury to the ischemic myocardium. One hundred and eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (250–280 g) were randomly divided into four groups: normoxia + sham surgery (CS), normoxia + permanent occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery (CMI), HBO preconditioning + sham surgery (HS), and HBO preconditioning + permanent LAD occlusion (HMI). Rats receiving HBO preconditioning were intermittently exposed to 100% O 2 at 2.5 atmosphere absolute (ATA) for 60 min, twice daily for 2 days followed by 12 hrs of recovery in room air prior to the myocardial ischemic insult induced by LAD ligation. Rats in the normoxia group were time-matched with the HBO group and maintained under normoxic conditions prior to LAD occlusion. At 3 and 7 days after LAD occlusion, heart function parameters were measured by inserting a catheter into the left ventricle, infarct size was calculated using the method of TTC staining, myocardial capillary density was determined by immunohistochemical staining with a monoclonal anti-CD 31 /PECAM-1 antibody, and VEGF protein level was determined by Western blot analysis. At 3 days after LAD ligation, the infarct size of the HMI group was significantly smaller than that of the CMI group (26 ± 2.5% vs. 38 ± 3%, P 〈 0.05). The heart function parameters including left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), +dP/dt max and −dP/dt max were significantly improved in the HMI group compared to the CMI group at 3 and 7 days after LAD occlusion. Capillary density and VEGF protein levels were significantly increased in the ischemic myocardium pre-exposed to HBO. We conclude that HBO preconditioning alleviates myocardial ischemia in rat model.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1535-3702 , 1535-3699
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3181/0801-RM-8
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020856-X
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Noninvasive Tumor Imaging with High-Frequency Ultrasound and MicroPET in Small Animals
    SAGE Publications ; 2007
    In:  Ultrasonic Imaging Vol. 29, No. 4 ( 2007-10), p. 201-212
    Details
    In: Ultrasonic Imaging, SAGE Publications, Vol. 29, No. 4 ( 2007-10), p. 201-212
    Abstract: In this study, we used a micro-ultrasound (microUS) system that we developed in-house as an alternative method for tumor growth calipers. In addition, microUS was combined with small-animal positron-emission tomography (microPET) for tumor metastatic assessment. MicroUS provides anatomical information that can be used for tumor volume measurements while microPET is a functional imaging method with positron-emitting radiophamaceuticals, such as 18 F-labeled deoxyglucose, [ 18 F]FDG. In this study, microUS and microPET were performed in a mouse tumor longitudinal study (2–8 weeks), both with 3D tumor segmentation and volume measurements. Compared with vernier calipers, microPET generally overestimated tumor volumes during weeks 2–4 due to its inadequate spatial resolution. During weeks 5–8, standard deviations of microPET results were large due to tumor hypoxia or necrosis. On the contrary, microUS tumor volume measurements were more reliable as they were less affected by these factors. Nonetheless, microUS is not able to provide functional information similar to that provided by microPET. Therefore, microUS and microPET are complementary to each other as microUS has superior spatial resolution and microPET provides functional information, such as hypoxia or necrosis in the progression of the tumor. With image registration and fusion, the combination can be a valuable tool for cancer research.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0161-7346 , 1096-0910
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/016173460702900401
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2012028-X
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Study of a New Macro-Finite Element Model for Seismic Performance of RC Shear Walls Using Quasi-Static Experiments
    SAGE Publications ; 2006
    In:  Advances in Structural Engineering Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2006-04), p. 173-184
    Details
    In: Advances in Structural Engineering, SAGE Publications, Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2006-04), p. 173-184
    Abstract: Quasi-static tests are described of nine reinforced concrete (R/C) shear walls under cyclic lateral loading. The relationship between force and displacement is obtained to verify the macro-finite element model for R/C shear wall presented. The corresponding formulations for this model are given. By comparing the failure process and behaviour of the wall specimens under different axial compression ratios (the axial compression ratio is equal to the vertical load divided by the product of the concrete design compressive strength and the section area) and shear-span ratios, with the analyses of test and hysteretic curves, it can be concluded that with the increase of axial compression ratio to some extent, the bearing capacity of the shear wall will increase if the shear-span ratio of shear walls is the same, but the ductility of the walls will decrease and that degradations of strength and stiffness are also more serious. At the same time, the failure behaviour of shear walls will be changed from shear failure to bending failure with the enhancement of shear-span ratio, the bearing-load capacity will decrease and the ductility and energy absorption characteristics of shear walls will be strengthened.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1369-4332 , 2048-4011
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1260/136943306776986976
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2026561-X
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