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  • SAGE Publications  (93)
  • 2005-2009  (93)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Synthetic Peptides outside the Spike Protein Heptad Repeat Regions as Potent Inhibitors of Sars-Associated Coronavirus
    SAGE Publications ; 2005
    In:  Antiviral Therapy Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2005-04), p. 393-403
    Details
    In: Antiviral Therapy, SAGE Publications, Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2005-04), p. 393-403
    Abstract: A novel severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) has been identified as the aetiological agent of SARS. We previously isolated and characterized SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-like viruses from human and animals, respectively, suggesting that SARS could be transmitted from wild/farmed animals to humans. Comparison of the viral genomes indicated that sequence variation between animal and human isolates existed mainly in the spike (S) gene. We hypothesized that these variations may underlie a change of binding specificity of the S protein to the host cells, permitting viral transmission from animals to humans. Here we report that four 20-mer synthetic peptides (S protein fragments), designed to span these sequence variation otspots, exhibited significant antiviral activities in a cell line. SARS-CoV infectivity was reduced over 10 000-fold through pre-incubation with two of these peptides, while it was completely inhibited in the presence of three peptides. Molecular modelling of the SARS-CoV peplomer suggests that three of these antiviral peptides map to the interfaces between the three monomers of the trimeric peplomer rather than the heptad repeat region from which short peptides are known to inhibit viral entry. Our results revealed novel regions in the spike protein that can be targeted to inhibit viral infection. The peptides identified in this study could be further developed into antiviral drugs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1359-6535 , 2040-2058
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/135965350501000301
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2118396-X
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Relation of Perfectionism with Athletes' Burnout: Further Examination
    SAGE Publications ; 2008
    In:  Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol. 106, No. 3 ( 2008-06), p. 811-820
    Details
    In: Perceptual and Motor Skills, SAGE Publications, Vol. 106, No. 3 ( 2008-06), p. 811-820
    Abstract: The purpose was to examine the different aspects of perfectionism and athletes' burnout. College athletes ( N = 320) with mean age of 19.7 yr. ( SD = 1.4) completed the Chinese version of the Multiple Perfectionism Scale for Sport and the Eades' Athlete Burnout Inventory. Results indicated that perfectionism could be separated into adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism. Adaptive perfectionism was linked to reduced athletes' burnout while maladaptive perfectionism was associated with athletes' burnout. In addition, significant interaction was found between adaptive perfectionism and maladaptive perfectionism on athletes' burnout. Results suggest that high maladaptive perfectionism and low adaptive perfectionism corresponds to higher scores on athletes' burnout. Perfectionism should not be treated as an all-or-nothing disposition. The extent of athlete burnout can vary with the interaction effects of the two types of perfectionism. In terms of practical implications in intervention work, coaches and sport psychologists should try to reduce athletes' maladaptive perfectionism and increase adaptive perfectionism.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0031-5125 , 1558-688X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2466/pms.106.3.811-820
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066876-4
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 7,11
    SSG: 31
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Icon Flickering, Flicker Rate, and Color Combinations of an Icon's Symbol/Background in Visual Search Performance
    SAGE Publications ; 2008
    In:  Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol. 106, No. 1 ( 2008-02), p. 117-127
    Details
    In: Perceptual and Motor Skills, SAGE Publications, Vol. 106, No. 1 ( 2008-02), p. 117-127
    Abstract: The effects of color combinations of an icon's symbol/background and components of flicker and flicker rate on visual search performance on a liquid crystal display screen were investigated with 39 subjects who searched for a target icon in a circular stimulus array (diameter = 20 cm) including one target and 19 distractors. Analysis showed that the icon's symbol/background color significantly affected search time. The search times for icons with black/red and white/blue were significantly shorter than for white/yellow, black/yellow, and black/blue. Flickering of different components of the icon significantly affected the search time. Search time for an icon's border flickering was shorter than for an icon symbol flickering; search for flicker rates of 3 and 5 Hz was shorter than that for 1 Hz. For icon's symbol/background color combinations, search error rate for black/blue was greater than for black/red and white/blue combinations, and the error rate for an icon's border flickering was lower than for an icon's symbol flickering. Interactions affected search time and error rate. Results are applicable to design of graphic user interfaces.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0031-5125 , 1558-688X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2466/pms.106.1.117-127
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066876-4
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 7,11
    SSG: 31
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Synthesis and Characterisation of a New Pyridinium Salt/Crown Ether Complex and its Self-Assembly
    SAGE Publications ; 2007
    In:  Journal of Chemical Research Vol. 2007, No. 6 ( 2007-06), p. 350-352
    Details
    In: Journal of Chemical Research, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2007, No. 6 ( 2007-06), p. 350-352
    Abstract: The monoprotonated bipyridinium cation can complex with dibenzo-24-crown-8 by means of ion-dipole and charge-transfer interactions. They both thread to form a [2]pseudorotaxane-like complex for further intercomplex association to produce pseudopolyrotaxane arrays through N + –H···N hydrogen bonding in the solid state.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1747-5198 , 2047-6507
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3184/030823407X225482
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3010810-X
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Relationships between being Traditional and Sense of Gratitude among Taiwanese High School Athletes
    SAGE Publications ; 2008
    In:  Psychological Reports Vol. 102, No. 3 ( 2008-06), p. 920-926
    Details
    In: Psychological Reports, SAGE Publications, Vol. 102, No. 3 ( 2008-06), p. 920-926
    Abstract: This study examined the association of scores on measures of traditionality and gratitude. Briefly defined, traditionality refers to how strongly one endorses the traditional value of submission to authority for harmony and benefits in a collective group. Traditional Taiwanese culture is linked with collectivism, and the society tends to encourage members to respect authority and harmony. As people of a collectivistic view seek to maintain harmony within the group, gratitude and reciprocity of good is expected from members. Nevertheless, traditionality of values differs among group members, as is also true for gratitude. It is not known how scores on traditionality might relate to feelings of gratitude among athletes in the competitive sports setting. 289 Taiwanese high school athletes were administered the Sport-domain Gratitude Questionnaire by Chen and Kee and the Traditionality Scale by Kao and Lu. Data, subjected to structural equation modeling, show that traditionality scores were related to those on gratitude. Implications and limitations were discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-2941 , 1558-691X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2466/pr0.102.3.920-926
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066930-6
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Differential Regulation of Morphine Antinociceptive Effects by Endogenous Enkephalinergic System in the Forebrain of Mice
    SAGE Publications ; 2008
    In:  Molecular Pain Vol. 4 ( 2008-01-01), p. 1744-8069-4-41-
    Details
    In: Molecular Pain, SAGE Publications, Vol. 4 ( 2008-01-01), p. 1744-8069-4-41-
    Abstract: Mice lacking the preproenkephalin ( ppENK) gene are hyperalgesic and show more anxiety and aggression than wild-type (WT) mice. The marked behavioral changes in ppENK knock-out (KO) mice appeared to occur in supraspinal response to painful stimuli. However the functional role of enkephalins in the supraspinal nociceptive processing and their underlying mechanism is not clear. The aim of present study was to compare supraspinal nociceptive and morphine antinociceptive responses between WT and ppENK KO mice. Results: The genotypes of bred KO mice were confirmed by PCR. Met-enkephalin immunoreactive neurons were labeled in the caudate-putamen, intermediated part of lateral septum, lateral globus pallidus, intermediated part of lateral septum, hypothalamus, and amygdala of WT mice. Met-enkephalin immunoreactive neurons were not found in the same brain areas in KO mice. Tail withdrawal and von Frey test results did not differ between WT and KO mice. KO mice had shorter latency to start paw licking than WT mice in the hot plate test. The maximal percent effect of morphine treatments (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, i.p.) differed between WT and KO mice in hot plate test. The current source density (CSD) profiles evoked by peripheral noxious stimuli in the primary somatosenstory cortex (S1) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) were similar in WT and KO mice. After morphine injection, the amplitude of the laser-evoked sink currents was decreased in S1 while the amplitude of electrical-evoked sink currents was increased in the ACC. These differential morphine effects in S1 and ACC were enhanced in KO mice. Facilitation of synaptic currents in the ACC is mediated by GABA inhibitory interneurons in the local circuitry. Percent increases in opioid receptor binding in S1 and ACC were 5.1% and 5.8%, respectively. Conclusion: The present results indicate that the endogenous enkephalin system is not involved in acute nociceptive transmission in the spinal cord, S1, and ACC. However, morphine preferentially suppressed supraspinal related nociceptive behavior in KO mice. This effect was reflected in the potentiated differential effects of morphine in the S1 and ACC in KO mice. This potentiation may be due to an up-regulation of opioid receptors. Thus these findings strongly suggest an antagonistic interaction between the endogenous enkephalinergic system and exogenous opioid analgesic actions in the supraspinal brain structures.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1744-8069 , 1744-8069
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-4-41
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2174252-2
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Biphasic Dose Response in Low Level Light Therapy
    SAGE Publications ; 2009
    In:  Dose-Response Vol. 7, No. 4 ( 2009-10-01), p. dose-response.0-
    Details
    In: Dose-Response, SAGE Publications, Vol. 7, No. 4 ( 2009-10-01), p. dose-response.0-
    Abstract: The use of low levels of visible or near infrared light for reducing pain, inflammation and edema, promoting healing of wounds, deeper tissues and nerves, and preventing cell death and tissue damage has been known for over forty years since the invention of lasers. Despite many reports of positive findings from experiments conducted in vitro, in animal models and in randomized controlled clinical trials, LLLT remains controversial in mainstream medicine. The biochemical mechanisms underlying the positive effects are incompletely understood, and the complexity of rationally choosing amongst a large number of illumination parameters such as wavelength, fluence, power density, pulse structure and treatment timing has led to the publication of a number of negative studies as well as many positive ones. A biphasic dose response has been frequently observed where low levels of light have a much better effect on stimulating and repairing tissues than higher levels of light. The so-called Arndt-Schulz curve is frequently used to describe this biphasic dose response. This review will cover the molecular and cellular mechanisms in LLLT, and describe some of our recent results in vitro and in vivo that provide scientific explanations for this biphasic dose response.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1559-3258 , 1559-3258
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2203/dose-response.09-027.Hamblin
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2440820-7
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Performance Assessment of Single-Leaf Timber Door in a Smoke Leakage Test
    SAGE Publications ; 2006
    In:  Journal of Applied Fire Science Vol. 16, No. 2 ( 2006-1-1), p. 101-114
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Fire Science, SAGE Publications, Vol. 16, No. 2 ( 2006-1-1), p. 101-114
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1044-4300 , 1541-4183
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2190/AF.16.2.a
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2006
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Relation of Dispositional Optimism with Burnout among Athletes
    SAGE Publications ; 2008
    In:  Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol. 106, No. 3 ( 2008-06), p. 693-698
    Details
    In: Perceptual and Motor Skills, SAGE Publications, Vol. 106, No. 3 ( 2008-06), p. 693-698
    Abstract: Optimism is important in enhancing human psychological and physical well-being; however, the association of optimism with burnout has received little attention in sport psychology. This study recruited 139 young volleyball players ( M = 16.3 yr., SD = 0.8) to examine this relation. Athletes completed the Chinese version of the Life Orientation Test at Time 1 and 4 mo. later (Time 2). The Chinese version of the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire was also administered. Analysis showed scores on optimism were negatively related to athletes' burnout scores.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0031-5125 , 1558-688X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2466/pms.106.3.693-698
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066876-4
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 7,11
    SSG: 31
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Full-Scale Fire Tests to Study Fire Behaviors of Elevator Landing Doors
    SAGE Publications ; 2006
    In:  Journal of Applied Fire Science Vol. 15, No. 4 ( 2006-1-1), p. 309-328
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Fire Science, SAGE Publications, Vol. 15, No. 4 ( 2006-1-1), p. 309-328
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1044-4300 , 1541-4183
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2190/AF.15.4.e
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2006
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