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  • SAGE Publications  (40)
  • 2005-2009  (40)
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  • SAGE Publications  (40)
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  • 2005-2009  (40)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Experimental Features and Characteristics of Speed Dispersion in Urban Freeway Traffic
    SAGE Publications ; 2007
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 1999, No. 1 ( 2007-01), p. 150-160
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 1999, No. 1 ( 2007-01), p. 150-160
    Abstract: Characteristics of speed dispersion in urban freeway traffic are presented. Two definitions of speed dispersion are proposed: the standard deviation of the individual speeds and the average speed difference of two neighboring vehicles. On the basis of the definitions, traffic data obtained from two urban freeways in China are studied, and different characteristics of speed dispersion are found in four substates of traffic flow, which correspond to four regions in the empirical fundamental diagram. In the bunching state of congested traffic, the flow rate decreases with an increase in speed dispersion at a given mean speed. In the bunching state of fluid traffic, the speed dispersion of traffic flow is small, and in the free state of fluid traffic, speed dispersion is distributed in a disorderly manner in a wide range. Such phenomena are more remarkable under the definition of the average speed difference for speed dispersion. In addition, some possible explanations are presented for the characteristics of speed dispersion in each traffic substate. These speed dispersion studies provide a new approach for microscopic modeling and understanding of traffic flow characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/1999-16
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Refractoriness of the Sheep Superior Vena Cava Myocardial Sleeve
    SAGE Publications ; 2008
    In:  Experimental Biology and Medicine Vol. 233, No. 11 ( 2008-11), p. 1441-1447
    Details
    In: Experimental Biology and Medicine, SAGE Publications, Vol. 233, No. 11 ( 2008-11), p. 1441-1447
    Abstract: The cardiomyocytes in the superior vena cava (SVC) myocardial sleeve have distinct action potentials and ionic current profiles, but the refractoriness of these cells has not been reported. Using standard intracellular microelectrode techniques, we demonstrated in sheep that the effective refractory period (ERP) of the cardiomyocytes in the SVC (114.7 ± 6.5 ms) is shorter than that in the inferior vena cava (IVC) (166.7 ± 6.2 ms), right atrial free wall (RAFW) (201.0 ± 6.0 ms) and right atrial appendage (RAA) (203.1 ± 5.8 ms) ( P 〈 0.05). The right atrial cardiomyocyte ERP was heterogeneously shortened by acetylcholine, a muscarinic type 2 receptor (M 2 R) agonist. After perfusion with 15 μM acetylcholine, the shortest ERP occurred in the SVC (the ERP in the SVC, IVC, RAFW and RAA was 53.6 ± 2.7, 98.9 ± 2.2, 121.8 ± 6.0 and 109.7 ± 5.1 ms, respectively; P 〈 0.05). Carbachol (1 μM), another M 2 R agonist, produced a similar effect as acetylcholine. Furthermore, we used methoctramine, a M 2 R blocker, 4-DAMP, a muscarinic type 3 receptor (M 3 R) blocker, and tropicamide, a muscarinic type 4 receptor (M 4 R) blocker to inhibit the acetylcholine-induced ERP shortening of SVC cardiomyocytes, and found that the 50% inhibitory concentration for methoctramine, 4-DAMP and tropicamide was 5.91, 45.72 and 80.34 nM, respectively. Therefore, we conclude that the sheep SVC myocardial sleeve is a unique electrophysiological region of the right atrium with the shortest ERP both under physiological condition and under cholinergic agonist stimulation. M 2 R might play a major role in the response of the SVC myocardial sleeve to parasympathetic nerve tone. The association between the distinct refractoriness in SVC and atrial fibrillation originating from the region deserves further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1535-3702 , 1535-3699
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3181/0803-RM-102
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020856-X
    SSG: 12
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    Online Resource
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Effects of Toradol on Postoperative Intimal Hyperplasia in a Rat Carotid Endarterectomy Model: Laboratory Research
    SAGE Publications ; 2007
    In:  Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Vol. 41, No. 5 ( 2007-10), p. 402-408
    Details
    In: Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, SAGE Publications, Vol. 41, No. 5 ( 2007-10), p. 402-408
    Abstract: Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and more recently carotid artery stenting are the treatments of choice for atherosclerotic disease of the extracranial carotid arteries; however, early restenosis caused by neointimal hyperplasia confounds surgical therapy. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the progression of intimal hyperplasia. The authors hypothesized that ketorolac tromethamine (Toradol), a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug that is a potent cyclooxygenase inhibitor, would decrease oxidative stress and thereby reduce intimal hyperplasia in a rat CEA model. Twenty-nine male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent CEA and were divided into 3 treatment groups as follows: (1) control (placebo), (2) 7.5 mg/kg Toradol, and (3) 10 mg/kg Toradol. Toradol treatment began 2 days before CEA and continued for 2 weeks. Two weeks after endarterectomy, carotid arteries were fixed, harvested, and examined for platelet activity (platelet reactive units), oxidative stress (malondialdehyde and glutathione), and intimal hyperplasia (measured as percentage of luminal stenosis). Platelet activity, malondialdehyde and glutathione, and intimal hyperplasia were all significantly lowered in both 7.5- and 10-mg/kg doses of Toradol versus control. Toradol given daily beginning 2 days before CEA and ending 2 weeks after the procedure was effective at significantly reducing platelet activity, oxidative stress, and intimal hyperplasia development in the rat without any increase in bleeding. Although the mechanism of action of this reduction is not completely understood, one possible explanation may be through the inhibition of reactive oxygen species production.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1538-5744 , 1938-9116
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1538574407304506
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2095223-5
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Upregulation of Activator Protein-4 in Human Colorectal Cancer With Metastasis
    SAGE Publications ; 2009
    In:  International Journal of Surgical Pathology Vol. 17, No. 1 ( 2009-02), p. 16-21
    Details
    In: International Journal of Surgical Pathology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 17, No. 1 ( 2009-02), p. 16-21
    Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of AP-4, VEGF, and MMP-9 genes in human colorectal cancer. The expression pattern of activator protein-4 in 160 colorectal cancer compared with 32 colorectal adenomas and 32 normal colorectal tissues is demonstrated by tissue microarray-immunohistochemistry and real-time reverse transcriptase—polymerase chain reaction. Apoptosis status using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase—mediated dUTP nick-end labeling by comparing activator protein-4 positive versus activator protein-4 negative colorectal cancer is also assessed. The messenger RNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in activator protein-4 positive and negative colorectal cancer were measured using real-time reverse transcriptase— polymerase chain reaction. The activator protein-4 expression in normal colorectal tissue, adenoma, and adenocarcinoma were 4 of 32, 8 of 32, and 78 of 160, respectively. It is shown that the activator protein-4 expression was significantly correlated with the progression of colorectal cancer ( P 〈 .01) and differentiation and lymph node metastasis ( P 〈 .01). Our results also presented that the activator protein-4 expression was associated with the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor in the advanced colorectal cancer.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1066-8969 , 1940-2465
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1066896908315813
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2070102-0
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of siRNA Targeting HIF-1α Combined L-ascorbate on Biological Behavior of Hypoxic MiaPaCa2 Cells
    SAGE Publications ; 2009
    In:  Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment Vol. 8, No. 3 ( 2009-06), p. 235-240
    Details
    In: Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment, SAGE Publications, Vol. 8, No. 3 ( 2009-06), p. 235-240
    Abstract: The aim of the study was to observe the effect of small interference RNA (siRNA) targeting hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) combined L-ascorbate on proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of hypoxic MiaPaCa2 human pancreatic cancer cells. A cassette encoding siRNA targeting HIF-1α mediated by recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) was constructed, giving rAAV-siHIF. rAAV-siHIF and L-ascorbate, which were used alone or in combination, were delivered to exponentially growing MiaPaCa2 cells under hypoxic conditions. Then, we observed the expression of HIF-1α mRNA and protein, the proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of MiaPaCa2 cells by real-time PCR, Western blot, MTT, TUNEL, and Transwell assay, respectively. Under hypoxic conditions, rAAV-siHIF inhibited the expression of HIF-1α mRNA in MiaPaCa2 cells but L-ascorbate did not. However, rAAV-siHIF and L-ascorbate both inhibited the expression of HIF-1α protein and the proliferation and migration of MiaPaCa2 cells and induced MiaPaCa2 cell apoptosis. The effect in the combined group was more efficient than that seen when rAAV-siHIF or L-ascorbate was used separately. rAAV-siHIF and L-ascorbate both affect biological behavior of hypoxic MiaPaCa2 cells through modulating HIF-1α protein expression and rAAV-siHIF and L-ascorbate have synergy under hypoxic conditions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1533-0346 , 1533-0338
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/153303460900800309
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2146365-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2220436-2
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Green Efficient Synthesis of spiro[indoline-3,4′(1 H ‘)-pyrano [2,3- c ]pyrazol]-2-one derivatives
    SAGE Publications ; 2009
    In:  Journal of Chemical Research Vol. 2009, No. 3 ( 2009-03), p. 154-156
    Details
    In: Journal of Chemical Research, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2009, No. 3 ( 2009-03), p. 154-156
    Abstract: A highly efficient and green method has been described for the synthesis of spiropyranopyrazole-oxindole in water. The reaction was carried out at ambient temperature and the products were obtained in excellent isolated yields. The structure of the product (4e) was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1747-5198 , 2047-6507
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3184/030823409X416875
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3010810-X
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Vinyl Acetate and Sodium Carbonate as a Fast and Efficient Catalyst for per- O -acetylation of Monosaccharides
    SAGE Publications ; 2008
    In:  Journal of Chemical Research Vol. 2008, No. 7 ( 2008-07), p. 380-382
    Details
    In: Journal of Chemical Research, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2008, No. 7 ( 2008-07), p. 380-382
    Abstract: Vinyl acetate and sodium carbonate catalysed acetylation of several monosaccharides is an efficient synthesis of per- O-acetylation of carbohydrates and achieve the products in excellent yields and short reaction times. d-Glucose as the substrate in large scale also proceeds in high yield.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1747-5198 , 2047-6507
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3184/030823408785702454
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3010810-X
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Synthesis and Characterisation of a New Pyridinium Salt/Crown Ether Complex and its Self-Assembly
    SAGE Publications ; 2007
    In:  Journal of Chemical Research Vol. 2007, No. 6 ( 2007-06), p. 350-352
    Details
    In: Journal of Chemical Research, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2007, No. 6 ( 2007-06), p. 350-352
    Abstract: The monoprotonated bipyridinium cation can complex with dibenzo-24-crown-8 by means of ion-dipole and charge-transfer interactions. They both thread to form a [2]pseudorotaxane-like complex for further intercomplex association to produce pseudopolyrotaxane arrays through N + –H···N hydrogen bonding in the solid state.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1747-5198 , 2047-6507
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3184/030823407X225482
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3010810-X
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Using computers in early childhood classrooms : Teachers' attitudes, skills and practices
    SAGE Publications ; 2006
    In:  Journal of Early Childhood Research Vol. 4, No. 2 ( 2006-06), p. 169-188
    Details
    In: Journal of Early Childhood Research, SAGE Publications, Vol. 4, No. 2 ( 2006-06), p. 169-188
    Abstract: To better prepare early childhood teachers for computer use, more information about their current skills and classroom practices is needed. Sampling from a large metropolitan public school system in the USA, the study surveyed 297 state pre-kindergarten teachers, gathering information about their attitudes, skills, and instructional methods related to computer use. Statistically significant relationships indicate that attitudes, skills, and practice are interrelated variables. Results also suggest that aspects of teacher technology competence vary as a function of number of years teaching, role as lead or assistant teacher, home computer access, and length of in-service training. Implications for increasing training effectiveness for early childhood teachers include increasing support for classroom implementation, extending in-service training, and diversifying training to accommodate varying levels of teacher expertise.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1476-718X , 1741-2927
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1476718X06063535
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2120857-8
    SSG: 5,3
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Narrowing the Digital Divide : Head Start Teachers Develop Proficiency in Computer Technology
    SAGE Publications ; 2006
    In:  Education and Urban Society Vol. 38, No. 4 ( 2006-08), p. 398-405
    Details
    In: Education and Urban Society, SAGE Publications, Vol. 38, No. 4 ( 2006-08), p. 398-405
    Abstract: The Digital Divide originates with inequalities in children’s access to computers. It is deepened by disparities in teacher readiness to use computers for educational purposes. This article describes a computer training program designed to help Head Start teachers develop attitudes, skills, and practices that maximize the educational benefits children gain from computer use in the classroom. Guided by a set of pedagogical principles, the training program achieved its goals. Program teachers gained more confidence, developed more sophisticated computer skills, and applied more extensive classroom practices than teachers who did not participate in the program. Lessons learned from the training program point to key issues in supporting early childhood teacher development in computer technology. Corresponding recommendations for program design are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0013-1245 , 1552-3535
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0013124506287910
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2027950-4
    SSG: 5,3
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