Note: Intro -- CONTENTS -- From the series editor -- Preface -- Biographies of the editors -- Color plates -- I. Editorials -- Celebrating the Golden Jubilee of the 1952 Conference on Photosynthesis (Gatlinburg, Tennessee, USA) -- Celebrating the millennium - historical highlights of photosynthesis research, Part 1 -- Celebrating the millennium - historical highlights of photosynthesis research, Part 2 -- Celebrating the millennium - historical highlights of photosynthesis Research, Part 3 -- II. Overviews and Timelines -- History of the word photosynthesis and evolution of its definition -- In one era and out the other -- Time line of discoveries: anoxygenic bacterial photosynthesis -- Discoveries in oxygenic photosynthesis (1727-2003): a perspective -- III.Tributes -- 'And whose bright presence' - an appreciation of Robert Hill and his reaction -- The contributions of James Franck to photosynthesis research: a tribute -- Hydrogen metabolism of green algae: discovery and early research - a tribute to Hans Gaffron and his coworkers -- Samuel Ruben's contributions to research on photosynthesis and bacterial metabolism with radioactive carbon -- Contributions of Henrik Lundegårdh -- IV. Excitation Energy Transfer -- Photosynthetic exciton theory in the 1960s -- Excitation energy trapping in anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria -- Fluorescence lifetime, yield, energy transfer and spectrum in photosynthesis, 1950-1960 -- Visualization of excitation energy transfer processes in plants and algae -- Plastoquinone redox control of chloroplast thylakoid protein phosphorylation and distribution of excitation energy between photosystems: discovery, background, implications -- Excitation transfer between photosynthetic units: the 1964 experiment -- V. Reaction Centers -- Research on photosynthetic reaction centers from 1932 to 1987. , Chlorophyll chemistry before and after crystals of photosynthetic reaction centers -- Electron donors and acceptors in the initial steps of photosynthesis in purple bacteria: a personal account -- My daily constitutional in Martinsried -- The two-electron gate in photosynthetic bacteria -- Steps on the way to building blocks, topologies, crystals and X-ray structural analysis of Photosystems I and II of water-oxidizing photosynthesis -- The identification of the Photosystem II reaction center: a personal story -- The isolated Photosystem II reaction center: first attempts to directly measure the kinetics of primary charge separation -- Discovery of pheophytin function in the photosynthetic energy conversion as the primary electron acceptor of Photosystem II -- Engine of life and big bang of evolution: a personal perspective -- Role of bicarbonate at the acceptor side of Photosystem II -- Unraveling the Photosystem I reaction center: a history, or the sum of many efforts -- Photosystem I reaction center: past and future -- P430: a retrospective, 1971-2001 -- VI. Oxygen Evolution -- Apparatus and mechanism of photosynthetic oxygen evolution: a personal perspective -- Period-four oscillations of the flash-induced oxygen formation in photosynthesis -- Period four oscillations in chlorophyll a fluorescence -- Chloride and calcium in Photosystem II: from effects to enigma -- The bicarbonate effect, oxygen evolution, and the shadow of Otto Warburg -- Early indications for manganese oxidation state changes during photosynthetic oxygen production: a personal account -- VII. Light-Harvesting and Pigment-Protein Complexes -- Purple bacterial light-harvesting complexes: from dreams to structures -- The FMO protein -- Physical separation of chlorophyll-protein complexes -- How the chlorophyll-proteins got their names. , Phycobiliproteins and phycobilisomes: the early observations -- VIII. Electron Transport and ATP Synthesis -- Discovery and characterization of electron transfer proteins in the photosynthetic bacteria -- Membrane-anchored cytochrome c as an electron carrier in photosynthesis and respiration: past, present and future of an unexpected discovery -- The Q-cycle - a personal perspective -- The isolation of a functional cytochrome b 6 f complex: from lucky encounter to rewarding experiences -- Ironies in photosynthetic electron transport: a personal perspective -- The unfinished story of cytochrome f -- Early research on the role of plastocyanin in photosynthesis -- Irrungen, Wirrungen? The Mehler reaction in relation to cyclic electron transport in C3 plants -- Photophosphorylation and the chemiosmotic perspective -- Protons, proteins and ATP -- On why thylakoids energize ATP formation using either delocalized or localized proton gradients-aCa 2+ mediated role in thylakoid stress responses -- IX. Techniques and Applications -- The stopped-flow method and chemical intermediates in enzyme reactions - a personal essay -- The chequered history of the development and use of simultaneous equations for the accurate determination of chlorophylls a and b -- The contribution of photosynthetic pigments to the development of biochemical separation methods: 1900-1980 -- On some aspects of photosynthesis revealed by photoacoustic studies: a critical evaluation -- The history of photosynthetic thermoluminescence -- Trails of green alga hydrogen research - from Hans Gaffron to new frontiers -- Engineering the chloroplast encoded proteins of Chlamydomonas -- Pictorial demonstrations of photosynthesis -- X. Biogenesis and Membrane Architecture -- Membrane biogenesis in anoxygenic photosynthetic prokaryotes. , Chloroplast structure: from chlorophyll granules to supra-molecular architecture of thylakoid membranes -- Changing concepts about the distribution of Photosystems I and II between grana-appressed and stroma-exposed thylakoid membranes -- Chloroplasts in living cells and the string-of-grana concept of chloroplast structure revisited -- From chloroplasts to chaperones: how one thing led to another -- XI. Reductive and Assimilatory Processes -- Acceptance of the Enrico Fermi Award by Martin Kamen (April 24, 1996) -- 'Every dogma has its day': a personal look at carbon metabolism in photosynthetic bacteria -- Research on carbon dioxide fixation in photosynthetic microorganisms (1971-present) -- Nitrogen fixation by photosynthetic bacteria -- Following the path of carbon in photosynthesis: a personal story -- Mapping the carbon reduction cycle: a personal retrospective -- Chloroplasts in envelopes: CO 2 fixation by fully functional intact chloroplasts -- Along the trail from Fraction I protein to Rubisco (ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase) -- The discovery of Rubisco activase - yet another story of serendipity -- The ferredoxin/thioredoxin system: from discovery to molecular structures and beyond -- How is ferredoxin-NADP reductase involved in the NADP photoreduction of chloroplasts? -- C 4 photosynthesis: discovery and resolution -- Crassulacean acid metabolism photosynthesis: 'working the night shift' -- XII. Transport, Regulation and Adaptation -- Three decades in transport business: studies of metabolite transport in chloroplasts - a personal perspective -- The present model for chlororespiration -- Affixing the O to Rubisco: discovering the source of photorespiratory glycolate and its regulation -- Linking the xanthophyll cycle with thermal energy dissipation -- Photoinhibition - a historical perspective. , A molecular understanding of complementary chromatic adaptation -- Anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria from extreme environments -- Light-induced behavioral responses ('phototaxis') in prokaryotes -- XIII.Genetics -- The early history of the genetics of photosynthetic bacteria: a personal account -- Photosynthesis genes and their expression in Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1: a tribute to my students and associates -- Regulation of photosystem synthesis in Rhodobacter capsulatus -- Photosynthesis research: advances through molecular biology - the beginnings, 1975-1980s and on... -- The three genomes of Chlamydomonas -- History of chloroplast genomics -- Gene-targeted and site-directed mutagenesis of photosynthesis genes in cyanobacteria -- XIV. Evolution -- Thinking about the evolution of photosynthesis -- Evolutionary relationships among photosynthetic bacteria -- On the natural selection and evolution of the aerobic phototrophic bacteria -- Prochlorophyta - a matter of class distinctions -- The archaeal concept and the world it lives in: a retrospective -- XV. Laboratories and National Perspectives -- The Laboratory of Photosynthesis and its successors at Gif-sur-Yvette, France -- Photosynthesis and the Charles F. Kettering Research Laboratory -- Chlorophyll isolation, structure and function: major landmarks of the early history of research in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union -- Studies of chlorophyll biosynthesis in Russia -- The beginnings of research on biophysics of photosynthesis and initial contributions made by Russian scientists to its development -- Photosynthesis research in Greece: a historical snapshot (1960-2001) -- Photosynthesis research in India: transition from yield physiology into molecular biology -- Photosynthesis research in the People's Republic of China -- XVI. Retrospectives. , Celebrating forty years of the conference on 'Photosynthetic Mechanisms of Green Plants' at Airlie House, Virginia, led by Bessel Kok and André Jagendorf.