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  • Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)  (2)
  • 2005-2009  (2)
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  • Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)  (2)
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  • 2005-2009  (2)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) ; 2005
    In:  ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review Vol. 33, No. 1 ( 2005-06-06), p. 408-409
    In: ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), Vol. 33, No. 1 ( 2005-06-06), p. 408-409
    Abstract: Recent research proposes accelerating processor microarchitecture simulation through statistical sampling. Prior simulation sampling approaches construct accurate model state for each measurement by continuously warming large microarchitectural structures (e.g., caches and the branch predictor) while emulating the billions of instructions between measurements. This approach, called functional warming, occupies hours of runtime while the detailed simulation that is measured requires mere minutes.To eliminate the functional warming bottleneck, we propose TurboSMARTS, a simulation framework that stores functionally-warmed state in a library of small, reusable checkpoints. TurboSMARTS enables the creation of the thousands of checkpoints necessary for accurate sampling by storing only the subset of warmed state accessed during simulation of each brief execution window. TurboSMARTS matches the accuracy of prior simulation sampling techniques (i.e., ±3% error with 99.7% confidence), while estimating the performance of an 8-way out-of-order super-scalar processor running SPEC CPU2000 in 91 seconds per benchmark, on average, using a 12 GB checkpoint library.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0163-5999
    Language: English
    Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 199353-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2089001-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) ; 2006
    In:  ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation Vol. 16, No. 3 ( 2006-07), p. 197-224
    In: ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), Vol. 16, No. 3 ( 2006-07), p. 197-224
    Abstract: Current software-based microarchitecture simulators are many orders of magnitude slower than the hardware they simulate. Hence, most microarchitecture design studies draw their conclusions from drastically truncated benchmark simulations that are often inaccurate and misleading. This article presents the Sampling Microarchitecture Simulation (SMARTS) framework as an approach to enable fast and accurate performance measurements of full-length benchmarks. SMARTS accelerates simulation by selectively measuring in detail only an appropriate benchmark subset. SMARTS prescribes a statistically sound procedure for configuring a systematic sampling simulation run to achieve a desired quantifiable confidence in estimates.Analysis of the SPEC CPU2000 benchmark suite shows that CPI and energy per instruction (EPI) can be estimated to within ±3% with 99.7% confidence by measuring fewer than 50 million instructions per benchmark. In practice, inaccuracy in microarchitectural state initialization introduces an additional uncertainty which we empirically bound to ∼2% for the tested benchmarks. Our implementation of SMARTS achieves an actual average error of only 0.64% on CPI and 0.59% on EPI for the tested benchmarks, running with average speedups of 35 and 60 over detailed simulation of 8-way and 16-way out-of-order processors, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1049-3301 , 1558-1195
    Language: English
    Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006423-8
    SSG: 11
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