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  • American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)  (16)
  • 2005-2009  (16)
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  • American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)  (16)
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  • 2005-2009  (16)
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  • 1
    In: Clinical Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2005-05-15), p. 3750-3757
    Abstract: Purpose: Mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) can be used to predict the tumor response of patients receiving gefitinib for non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We investigated the association between mutations in EGFR tyrosine kinase domain and tumor response and survival in gefitinib-treated NSCLC patients. Experimental Design: EGFR mutations in exons 18 to 21 were analyzed by DNA sequencing of paraffin-embedded tumor tissues from gefitinib-treated NSCLC patients. The results were correlated with clinical variables. Results: EGFR mutations were found in 61.1% (33 of 54) of cases; response rate and disease control rate were 56.8% and 68.5%, respectively. There was no significant difference in mutation rates between adenocarcinoma (29 of 43) and nonadenocarcinoma (4 of 11; P = 0.085). However, all four nonadenocarcinomas with EGFR mutations had no response to gefitinib. Presence of EGFR mutations was the only independent predictor for disease control (P = 0.003) and tumor response (P = 0.017) in multivariate analysis; positive predictive values were 87.9% and 70.8% and negative predictive values were 61.9% and 69.2%, respectively. In comparison with patients whose tumor was negative for EGFR mutations, patients with EGFR mutations had better progression-free survival (median, 7.6 versus 1.7 months; P = 0.011) and overall survival (median, 14.7 versus 4.7 months; P = 0.046). Conclusions: Mutations in EGFR tyrosine kinase correlate with treatment response and survival in gefitinib-treated NSCLC patients and can be used as a predictive and prognostic factor. Thus, analysis of EGFR tyrosine kinase mutations in lung adenocarcinoma is of clinical significance, as it can permit the customization of treatment with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1078-0432 , 1557-3265
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1225457-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036787-9
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  • 2
    In: Clinical Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2007-02-01), p. 876-883
    Abstract: Purpose: To search for novel disease-specific markers in gastric juice by investigating the protein concentrations and components in gastric juice from patients with various gastroduodenal diseases. Experimental Design: Protein concentrations and pH values in fasting gastric juice were examined in 120 healthy subjects and 39 gastric ulcer, 38 duodenal ulcer, and 31 gastric cancer patients. The protein components in gastric juice were studied by two-dimensional PAGE and mass spectrometric analysis. Results: Protein concentrations in gastric juice of patients with gastric ulcers and gastric cancer were significantly higher than those in healthy subjects (1.06 and 2.61 mg/mL versus 0.48 mg/mL; P = 0.001 and P & lt; 0.001, respectively), and duodenal ulcer patients had lower gastric juice protein concentrations compared with healthy subjects (0.26 versus 0.48 mg/mL; P & lt; 0.05). Gastric hypoacidity and advanced age were independent factors affecting the protein concentrations in gastric juice with odds ratios of 32.9 (95% confidence interval, 11.8-90.9) and 3.2 (95% confidence interval, 1.3-8.3), respectively. Each electrophoresis images of gastric juice could be classified into one of three patterns: basic band, specific band, or nonspecific band. The frequencies of specific band pattern in healthy subjects, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, and gastric cancer patients were 6%, 42%, 6%, and 93%, respectively. Proteomic analysis revealed that α1-antitrypsin precursor was the principal peptide in the specific band. Conclusions: α1-antitrypsin precursor in gastric juice is a novel biomarker for gastric cancer and ulcer. A noninvasive method to obtain gastric juice followed by proteomic analysis may serve as a new tool to screen for gastric malignancies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1078-0432 , 1557-3265
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1225457-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036787-9
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2008
    In:  Molecular Cancer Therapeutics Vol. 7, No. 7 ( 2008-07-01), p. 1890-1899
    In: Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 7, No. 7 ( 2008-07-01), p. 1890-1899
    Abstract: BH3-interacting domain death agonist (BID) is a crucial element in death signaling pathways and is recognized as an intracellular link connecting the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic and extrinsic death receptor–mediated apoptotic pathways. Herein, we describe experiments conducted with a fusion protein, which was generated by fusing a human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)–specific single-chain antibody with domain II of Pseudomonas exotoxin A and the truncated active BID (tBID). These experiments extend our previous work on several other immuno-proapoptotic proteins. Specifically, by excluding cells with undetectable HER2, we showed that the secreted immuno-tBID molecule selectively recognized and killed HER2-overexpressing tumor cells in vitro by attacking their mitochondria and inducing their apoptotic death. This apoptosis could only be inhibited partially by caspase pan-inhibitor zVAD and mitochondrial protector TAT-BH4. Subsequently, we transferred the immuno-tbid gene into BALB/c athymic mice bearing HER2-positive tumors together with other immuno-proapoptotic proteins using i.m. injections of liposome-encapsulated vectors. The expression of the immuno-tbid gene suppressed tumor growth and prolonged animal survival significantly. We also shortened the translocation domain of Pseudomonas exotoxin A II to only 10–amino acid sequence, which were crucial for furin cleavage. The new recombinant molecule retained the translocation efficiency and the ability of specific killing HER2-positive tumor cells. Our data showed that, compared with the toxins employed before, the chimeric immuno-tBID molecule can not only specifically recognize HER2-positive tumor cells but also certainly induce apoptosis even in the presence of zVAD and TAT-BH4, thereby suggesting an alternative approach to treating HER2/neu-positive tumors. [Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7(7):1890–9]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1535-7163 , 1538-8514
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2062135-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2009
    In:  Molecular Cancer Therapeutics Vol. 8, No. 3 ( 2009-03-01), p. 665-671
    In: Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 8, No. 3 ( 2009-03-01), p. 665-671
    Abstract: The standard treatment for advanced, androgen-responsive prostate cancer is androgen deprivation therapy with or without a nonsteroidal antiandrogen, such as bicalutamide. Although maximal androgen blockade exhibits favorable responses in the majority of patients, prostate cancer eventually progresses to an androgen-refractory stage. The mechanism underlying bicalutamide resistance in the course of prostate cancer progression is incompletely understood. However, interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays a critical role in the development and progression of CRPC. Herein, we explored an association between IL-6 and bicalutamide resistance. To study this, series of lower and higher passages of LNCaP cell sublines generated by long-term exposure to IL-6 were used. The cells from higher passages of LNCaP treated with IL-6 developed resistance to bicalutamide treatment compared with parental LNCaP cells. The levels of transcriptional intermediary factor 2 (TIF2) in IL-6-treated LNCaP cells were found to be significantly higher than parental LNCaP cells. Down-regulation of TIF2 expression via short hairpin RNA in IL-6-treated LNCaP cells sensitized these cells to bicalutamide treatment, whereas overexpression of TIF2 in the parental LNCaP cells increased resistance to bicalutamide. Furthermore, overexpression of IL-6 attenuated bicalutamide-mediated blockage of androgen-induced androgen receptor nuclear translocation and recruitment. These results show that overexpression of IL-6 increases the resistance of prostate cancer cells to bicalutamide via TIF2. Overexpression of IL-6 not only plays an important role in prostate cancer progression but also contributes to bicalutamide resistance. Our studies suggest that bicalutamide-IL-6-targeted adjunctive therapy may lead to a more effective intervention than bicalutamide alone. [Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(3):665–71]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1535-7163 , 1538-8514
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2062135-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    In: Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 8, No. 12_Supplement ( 2009-12-10), p. B226-B226
    Abstract: GADD45b, which is associated with cellular stress response and apoptosis regulation, was frequently under-expressed in HCC. In a previous study we found GADD45b belongs to a group of sorafenib-regulated genes that are independent of mitogen-activated protein kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK)/ extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. The present study explored the role of sorafenib-induced GADD45b expression in HCC cells. HCC cell lines tested included HepG2, Hep3B, Huh-7, and Huh-7R, a sorafenib-resistant cell line established by continuously exposure of Huh-7 cells to sorafenib. GADD45b expression was examined by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting. Control of GADD45b transcription was examined by luciferase reporter assay using a series of reporter plasmids with deletions or site-directed mutants of the 5′-flanking region of GADD45b promoter. Apoptosis was analyzed by measuring the subG1 fraction and annexin V staining using flow cytometry. Both the mRNA and the protein levels of GADD45b was increased after sorafenib but not after the MEK inhibitor CI-1040 or U0126 treatment, suggesting that GADD45b induction was independent of cellular MEK/ERK activity. GADD45b induction was more prominent in sorafenib-sensitive HCC cells (Huh-7 and HepG2, IC50 6–7 µM) but less so prominent in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells (Hep3B and Huh-7R, IC50 12–15 µM). Knockdown of GADD45b expression by siRNA partially abrogated the pro-apoptotic effects of sorafenib in Huh-7 and HepG2 cells but not Hep3B cells. The region −339/−267 in the 5′-flanking region of GADD45b promoter, which contained AP-1 (−298/−292) and Sp1 (−285/−277) binding sites, was found crucial for GADD45b induction by sorafenib. Binding of c-Jun and Sp1 to GADD45b promoter was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Sorafenib also increased the phosphorylation of JNK in sorafenib-sensitive but not in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells. Sorafenib-induced GADD45b expression can be alleviated by treatment with the specific JNK inhibitor SP600125. Our data indicated that induction of GADD45b expression, which is mediated by cellular JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway but not MEK/ERK signaling, contributes to sorafenib-induced apoptosis in HCC cells. Failure of GADD45b induction may confer sorafenib resistance. GADD45b may be used as a predictive biomarker for sorafenib sensitivity in HCC. (Supported by grants NSC97-3112-B-002-012, NSC98-3112-B-002-007, NSC98-3112-B-002-037) Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):B226.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1535-7163 , 1538-8514
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2062135-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2006
    In:  Cancer Research Vol. 66, No. 11 ( 2006-06-01), p. 5798-5806
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 66, No. 11 ( 2006-06-01), p. 5798-5806
    Abstract: Insect baculoviruses are capable of infecting mammalian glial cells in the central nervous system. We investigated in the current study the feasibility of using the viruses as toxin gene vectors to eliminate malignant glioma cells in the brain. We first confirmed that glioma cells were permissive to baculovirus infection, with variable transduction efficiencies at 100 viral particles per cell and ranging between 35% and 70% in seven human and rat glioma cell lines. We then developed a recombinant baculovirus vector accommodating the promoter of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) to minimize possible side effects caused by overexpression of a therapeutic gene in sensitive neurons. We placed the GFAP promoter into a baculovirus expression cassette, in which the enhancer of human cytomegalovirus immediate-early gene and the inverted terminal repeats of adeno-associated virus were employed to improve the relatively low transcriptional activity of the cellular promoter. This recombinant baculovirus significantly improved transduction in glioma cells, providing the efficiency in C6 rat glioma cells up to 96%. When used to produce the A-chain of diphtheria toxin intracellularly in a rat C6 glioma xenograft model, the baculovirus effectively suppressed tumor development. The new baculovirus vector circumvents some of the inherent problems associated with mammalian viral vectors and provides an additional option for cancer gene therapy. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(11): 5798-806)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2006
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1432-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 410466-3
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  • 7
    In: Molecular Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2009-01-01), p. 12-22
    Abstract: The gene of SKP2, located on chromosome 5p13, plays a critical role in cell cycle progression, especially at the G1-S transition, putatively through its control of several cell cycle regulator proteins including p27kip1, p21cip1, p57kip2, p130, cyclin E, and c-Myc. Previous studies in this laboratory revealed that gain of chromosome 5p was often seen in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In the present study, we examined the amplification status and expression level of SKP2 in ESCC and investigated its clinicopathologic significance. Amplification and elevated expression of SKP2 correlated significantly with tumor stage and positive lymph node metastasis (P & lt; 0.05). The SKP2 protein expression level as determined by immunohistochemical staining showed a significant inverse correlation with p27 protein. In vivo assay showed that inhibition of SKP2 expression also decreased tumor growth and lung metastasis of ESCC cells. At the molecular level, knockdown of SKP2 by RNA interference inhibited cell migration and invasion ability. Knockdown of SKP2 expression sensitized cancer cells to anoikis, and a wobble mutant of SKP2 that is resistant to SKP2 small interfering RNA can rescue this effect. Expression level of pAkt decreased after SKP2 knockdown. Treatment of cells with phosphoinositidyl 3-kinase inhibitor (LY294002) and constitutively activator (insulin-like growth factor I) had significant effects on the anoikis of SKP2 RNA interference cells. These results show for the first time that SKP2 is amplified and overexpressed in ESCC. Elevated expression of SKP2 protected cancer cells from anoikis, and this effect was mediated, at least in part, by the phosphoinositidyl 3-kinase-Akt pathway. (Mol Cancer Res 2009;7(1):12–22)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1541-7786 , 1557-3125
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2097884-4
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2006
    In:  Molecular Cancer Therapeutics Vol. 5, No. 1 ( 2006-01-01), p. 1-7
    In: Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 5, No. 1 ( 2006-01-01), p. 1-7
    Abstract: IFN-inducible proteins are known to mediate IFN-directed antitumor effects. The human IFN-inducible protein absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) gene encodes a 39-kDa protein, which contains a 200-amino-acid repeat as a signature of HIN-200 family (hematopoietic IFN-inducible nuclear proteins). Although AIM2 is known to inhibit fibroblast cell growth in vitro, its antitumor activity has not been shown. Here, we showed that AIM2 expression suppressed the proliferation and tumorigenicity of human breast cancer cells, and that AIM2 gene therapy inhibited mammary tumor growth in an orthotopic tumor model. We further showed that AIM2 significantly increased sub-G1 phase cell population, indicating that AIM2 could induce tumor cell apoptosis. Moreover, AIM2 expression greatly suppressed nuclear factor-κB transcriptional activity and desensitized tumor necrosis factor-α–mediated nuclear factor-κB activation. Together, these results suggest that AIM2 associates with tumor suppression activity and may serve as a potential therapeutic gene for future development of AIM2-based gene therapy for human breast cancer. [Mol Cancer Ther 2006;5(1):1–7]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1535-7163 , 1538-8514
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2062135-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 68, No. 16 ( 2008-08-15), p. 6634-6642
    Abstract: Androgen receptor (AR) is the main therapeutic target for treatment of metastatic prostate cancers (PCa). As recurrent tumors restore AR activity independent of hormones, new therapies that abolish AR activity have been sought to prevent or delay the emergence of ablation-resistant disease. Here, we report that a novel abietane diterpene, 6-hydroxy-5,6-dehydrosugiol (HDHS), isolated from the stem bark of Cryptomeria japonica, was a potent AR antagonist in PCa cells. HDHS treatment of androgen-dependent LNCaP and androgen-responsive 22Rv1 cells induced apoptosis as shown by nucleosome release, activation of caspase-3 and caspase-7, and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase accompanied with concomitant up-regulation of tumor suppressor p53. HDHS also decreased the protein expression of cyclins (D1 and E), cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK2, CDK4, and CDK6), and retinoblastoma phosphorylation in PCa cells, which suggest cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. Oral administration of HDHS at 0.5 and 2.5 mg/kg once daily for 24 days to 22Rv1 PCa xenografted mice suppressed tumor growth by 22% and 39%, respectively, in association with decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis in tumor cells, which further correlated with increased levels of HDHS in plasma and tumors. Overall, our data suggest that HDHS has potential for use in chemoprevention and chemotherapy of PCa. [Cancer Res 2008;68(16):6634–42]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036785-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1432-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 410466-3
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2006
    In:  Cancer Research Vol. 66, No. 2 ( 2006-01-15), p. 981-988
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 66, No. 2 ( 2006-01-15), p. 981-988
    Abstract: Although the combination of gemcitabine and radiation produces a high frequency of complete responses in the treatment of locally advanced head and neck cancer, substantial toxicity suggests that an improvement in the therapeutic index is required. The purpose of this study was to determine if gefitinib could improve the efficacy of gemcitabine and if drug schedule is important. We hypothesized that gemcitabine followed by gefitinib would be superior to the opposite order because of both cell cycle and growth factor signaling interactions. Using UMSCC-1 cells in vitro, we confirmed that gefitinib arrested cells in G1 and suppressed phospho-epidermal growth factor receptor (pY845EGFR) and that gemcitabine arrested cells in S phase and stimulated pY845EGFR. The schedule of gemcitabine followed by gefitinib caused arrest of cells in S phase. Gefitinib suppressed gemcitabine-mediated pY845EGFR stimulation. This schedule caused decreased pS473AKT, increased poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, and increased apoptosis compared with gemcitabine alone. The schedule of gefitinib followed by gemcitabine also caused suppression of pY845EGFR but arrested cells in G1. This schedule in which gefitinib was used first was associated with stable levels of pS473AKT and minimal poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage and apoptosis. These results were reflected in experiments in nude mice bearing UMSCC-1 xenografts, in which there was greater tumor regression and apoptosis when animals received gemcitabine followed by gefitinib during the first week of therapy. These findings suggest that the schedule of gemcitabine followed by gefitinib may increase the therapeutic index over gemcitabine alone and, combined with clinical data, encourage exploration of combination of gemcitabine, EGFR inhibitors, and radiation. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(2): 981-8)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036785-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1432-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 410466-3
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