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  • American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)  (354)
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  • American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)  (354)
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  • 1
    In: Clinical Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 28, No. 7 ( 2022-04-01), p. 1353-1362
    Abstract: This study investigated the efficacy and tolerability of cabozantinib plus nivolumab (CaboNivo) in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) that progressed on checkpoint inhibition (CPI). Patients and Methods: A phase I expansion cohort of patients with mUC who received prior CPI was treated with cabozantinib 40 mg/day and nivolumab 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks until disease progression/unacceptable toxicity. The primary goal was objective response rate (ORR) per RECIST v.1.1. Secondary objectives included progression-free survival (PFS), duration of response (DoR), overall survival (OS), safety, and tolerability. Results: Twenty-nine out of 30 patients enrolled were evaluable for efficacy. Median follow-up was 22.2 months. Most patients (86.7%) received prior chemotherapy and all patients received prior CPI (median seven cycles). ORR was 16.0%, with one complete response and three partial responses (PR). Among 4 responders, 2 were primary refractory, 1 had a PR, and 1 had stable disease on prior CPI. Median DoR was 33.5 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 3.7–33.5], median PFS was 3.6 months (95% CI, 2.1–5.5), and median OS was 10.4 months (95% CI, 5.8–19.5). CaboNivo decreased immunosuppressive subsets such as regulatory T cells (Tregs) and increased potential antitumor immune subsets such as nonclassical monocytes and effector T cells. A lower percentage of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSC) and polymorphonuclear MDSCs, lower CTLA-4 and TIM-3 expression on Tregs, and higher effector CD4+ T cells at baseline were associated with better PFS and/or OS. Conclusions: CaboNivo was clinically active, well tolerated, and favorably modulated peripheral blood immune subsets in patients with mUC refractory to CPI.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1078-0432 , 1557-3265
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 2
    In: Clinical Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 26, No. 15 ( 2020-08-01), p. 4010-4017
    Abstract: We assessed plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) level as a prognostic marker for progression-free survival (PFS) following first-line metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) therapy. Experimental Design: The Sequencing Triplet With Avastin and Maintenance (STEAM) was a randomized, phase II trial investigating efficacy of bevacizumab (BEV) plus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin/oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin/irinotecan (FOLFIRI), administered concurrently or sequentially, versus FOLFOX-BEV in first-line mCRC. Evaluation of biomarkers associated with treatment outcomes was an exploratory endpoint. Patients in the biomarker-evaluable population (BEP) had 1 tissue sample, 1 pre-induction plasma sample, and 1 post-induction plasma sample collected ≤60 days of induction from last drug date. Results: Among the 280 patients enrolled in STEAM, 183 had sequenced and evaluable tumor tissue, 118 had matched pre-induction plasma, and 54 (BEP) had ctDNA-evaluable sequencing data for pre- and post-induction plasma. The most common somatic variants in tumor tissue and pre-induction plasma were TP53, APC, and KRAS. Patients with lower-than-median versus higher-than-median post-induction mean allele fraction (mAF) levels had longer median PFS (17.7 vs. 7.5 months, HR, 0.33; 95% confidence interval, 0.17–0.63). Higher levels of post-induction mAF and post-induction mean mutant molecules per milliliter (mMMPM), and changes in ctDNA (stratified by a 10-fold or 100-fold reduction in mAF between pre- and post-induction plasma), were associated with shorter PFS. Post-induction mAF and mMMPM generally correlated with each other (ρ = 0.987, P & lt; 0.0001). Conclusions: ctDNA quantification in post-induction plasma may serve as a prognostic biomarker for mCRC post-treatment outcomes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1078-0432 , 1557-3265
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 3
    In: Cancer Discovery, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2023-08-04), p. 1789-1801
    Abstract: Rationally targeted therapies have transformed cancer treatment, but many patients develop resistance through bypass signaling pathway activation. PF-07284892 (ARRY-558) is an allosteric SHP2 inhibitor designed to overcome bypass-signaling-mediated resistance when combined with inhibitors of various oncogenic drivers. Activity in this setting was confirmed in diverse tumor models. Patients with ALK fusion–positive lung cancer, BRAFV600E-mutant colorectal cancer, KRASG12D-mutant ovarian cancer, and ROS1 fusion–positive pancreatic cancer who previously developed targeted therapy resistance were treated with PF-07284892 on the first dose level of a first-in-human clinical trial. After progression on PF-07284892 monotherapy, a novel study design allowed the addition of oncogene-directed targeted therapy that had previously failed. Combination therapy led to rapid tumor and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) responses and extended the duration of overall clinical benefit. Significance: PF-07284892–targeted therapy combinations overcame bypass-signaling-mediated resistance in a clinical setting in which neither component was active on its own. This provides proof of concept of the utility of SHP2 inhibitors in overcoming resistance to diverse targeted therapies and provides a paradigm for accelerated testing of novel drug combinations early in clinical development. See related commentary by Hernando-Calvo and Garralda, p. 1762. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1749
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2159-8274 , 2159-8290
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2008
    In:  Molecular Cancer Research Vol. 6, No. 5 ( 2008-05-01), p. 829-842
    In: Molecular Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 6, No. 5 ( 2008-05-01), p. 829-842
    Abstract: Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors. The cellular response to hypoxic stress is controlled by a family of prolyl hydroxylases (PHD) and the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1). To investigate the relationship between PHD and HIF1 activity and cellular transformation, we characterized the expression levels of PHD isoforms across a lineage of cell strains with varying transformed characteristics. We found that PHD2 is the primary functional isoform in these cells and its levels are inversely correlated to tumor-forming potential. When PHD2 levels were altered with RNA interference in nontumorigenic fibroblasts, we found that small decreases can lead to malignant transformation, whereas severe decreases do not. Consistent with these results, direct inhibition of PHD2 was also shown to influence tumor-forming potential. Furthermore, we found that overexpression of PHD2 in malignant fibroblasts leads to loss of the tumorigenic phenotype. These changes correlated with HIF1α activity, glycolytic rates, vascular endothelial growth factor expression, and the ability to grow under hypoxic stress. These findings support a biphasic model for the relationship between PHD2 activity and malignant transformation. (Mol Cancer Res 2008;6(5):829–42)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1541-7786 , 1557-3125
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2008
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  • 5
    In: Clinical Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 18, No. 4 ( 2012-02-15), p. 1138-1145
    Abstract: Purpose: This phase II study was conducted to assess the efficacy of temozolomide in patients with relapsed small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Experimental Design: Patients with disease progression after one or two prior chemotherapy regimens received temozolomide at 75 mg/m2/d for 21 days of a 28-day cycle. The primary endpoint was the overall response rate [ORR; complete response (CR) plus partial response (PR)], which was evaluated separately in sensitive and refractory cohorts. In the available tissue, we assessed O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status by PCR and MGMT expression by immunohistochemistry. Results: Sixty-four patients were accrued: 48 patients in the sensitive cohort and 16 in the refractory group. One CR and 10 PRs were noted in sensitive patients [ORR, 23%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 12%–37%]. Two PRs were seen in the refractory cohort (ORR, 13%; 95% CI, 2%–38%). As second- and third-line treatment, the ORR was 22% (95% CI, 9%–40%) and 19% (95% CI, 7%–36%), respectively. Among patients with target brain lesions, 38% had a CR or PR (95% CI, 14%–68%). Grade ≥3 thrombocytopenia and neutropenia were observed in nine patients (14%). A greater number of cases with methylated MGMT had a response compared to those with unmethylated MGMT (38% vs. 7%; P = 0.08). Conclusion: Temozolomide has activity in relapsed SCLC, particularly for brain metastases. Response to temozolomide may correlate with MGMT methylation in SCLC. Clin Cancer Res; 18(4); 1138–45. ©2012 AACR.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1078-0432 , 1557-3265
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2012
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  • 6
    In: Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 18, No. 11 ( 2019-11-01), p. 1916-1925
    Abstract: RX-5902 is a first-in-class anticancer agent targeting phosphorylated-p68 and attenuating nuclear shuttling of β-catenin. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of RX-5902 in preclinical models of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and to explore effects on β-catenin expression. A panel of 18 TNBC cell lines was exposed to RX-5902, and changes in proliferation, apoptosis, cellular ploidy, and effector protein expression were assessed. Gene expression profiling was used in sensitive and resistant cell lines with pathway analysis to explore pathways associated with sensitivity to RX-5902. The activity of RX-5902 was confirmed in vivo in cell line and patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) models. RX-5902 demonstrated potent antiproliferative activity in vitro against TNBC cell lines with an average IC50 of 56 nmol/L in sensitive cell lines. RX-5902 treatment resulted in the induction of apoptosis, G2–M cell-cycle arrest, and aneuploidy in a subset of cell lines. RX-5902 was active in vivo against TNBC PDX models, and treatment resulted in a decrease in nuclear β-catenin. RX-5902 exhibited dose-proportional pharmacokinetics and plasma and tumor tissue in nude mice. Pathway analysis demonstrated an increase in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation (EMT), TGFβ, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways associated with sensitivity to RX-5902. RX-5902 is active against in vitro and in vivo preclinical models of TNBC. Target engagement was confirmed with decreases in nuclear β-catenin and MCL-1 observed, confirming the proposed mechanism of action. This study supports the continued investigation of RX-5902 in TNBC and combinations with immunotherapy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1535-7163 , 1538-8514
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 7
    In: Clinical Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 25, No. 8 ( 2019-04-15), p. 2494-2502
    Abstract: Biomarkers are needed to stratify patients with stage II–III melanoma for clinical trials of adjuvant therapy because, while immunotherapy is protective, it also confers the risk of severe toxicity. We previously defined and validated a 53-immune gene melanoma immune profile (MIP) predictive both of distant metastatic recurrence and of disease-specific survival (DSS). Here, we test MIP on a third independent population. Experimental Design: A retrospective cohort of 78 patients with stage II–III primary melanoma was analyzed using the NanoString assay to measure expression of 53 target genes, and MIP score was calculated. Statistical analysis correlating MIP with DSS, overall survival, distant metastatic recurrence, and distant metastasis-free interval was performed using ROC curves, Kaplan–Meier curves, and standard univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. Results: MIP significantly distinguished patients with distant metastatic recurrence from those without distant metastatic recurrence using ROC curve analysis (AUC = 0.695; P = 0.008). We defined high- and low-risk groups based on the cutoff defined by this ROC curve and find that MIP correlates with both DSS and overall survival by ROC curve analysis (AUC = 0.719; P = 0.004 and AUC = 0.698; P = 0.004, respectively). Univariable Cox regression reveals that a high-risk MIP score correlates with DSS (P = 0.015; HR = 3.2). Conclusions: MIP identifies patients with low risk of death from melanoma and may constitute a clinical tool to stratify patients with stage II–III melanoma for enrollment in clinical trials.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1078-0432 , 1557-3265
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 8
    In: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 15, No. 4 ( 2006-04-01), p. 711-716
    Abstract: Studies to elucidate dysregulated gene expression patterns in premalignant prostate lesions have identified several candidate genes with the potential to be targeted to prevent the development and progression of prostate cancer and act as biomarkers of early disease. Herein, we explored the importance of two proteins, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1), as biomarkers of preinvasive prostate disease and investigated the relationship of expression to biochemical recurrence following treatment for localized prostate cancer. NPY and MIC-1 protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays containing 1,626 cores of benign, low-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), high-grade PIN (HGPIN), and prostate cancer tissue from 243 radical prostatectomy patients. Both NPY and MIC-1 showed higher proportional immunostaining in HGPIN and prostate cancer compared with benign epithelium (P & lt; 0.0001). NPY and MIC-1 immunostaining was higher in low-grade PIN compared with other benign tissues (both P & lt; 0.0001) and was equivalent to immunostaining in HGPIN. NPY immunostaining of prostate cancer was independently associated with relapse, after adjusting for traditional prognostic factors, as a categorical variable in 20% intervals (P = 0.0449-0.0103) and as a continuous variable (P = 0.0017). Low MIC-1 immunostaining (20% categories) was associated with pathologic stage & gt;2C after adjusting for predictors of pathologic stage (P = 0.3894-0.0176). This is the first study to show that altered NPY and MIC-1 expression are significantly associated with prostate cancer progression and suggests that these molecules be developed further as biomarkers in the management of prostate disease. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(4):711–6)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1055-9965 , 1538-7755
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2006
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  • 9
    In: Clinical Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 24, No. 15 ( 2018-08-01), p. 3539-3549
    Abstract: Purpose: To analytically and clinically validate a circulating cell-free tumor DNA sequencing test for comprehensive tumor genotyping and demonstrate its clinical feasibility. Experimental Design: Analytic validation was conducted according to established principles and guidelines. Blood-to-blood clinical validation comprised blinded external comparison with clinical droplet digital PCR across 222 consecutive biomarker-positive clinical samples. Blood-to-tissue clinical validation comprised comparison of digital sequencing calls to those documented in the medical record of 543 consecutive lung cancer patients. Clinical experience was reported from 10,593 consecutive clinical samples. Results: Digital sequencing technology enabled variant detection down to 0.02% to 0.04% allelic fraction/2.12 copies with ≤0.3%/2.24–2.76 copies 95% limits of detection while maintaining high specificity [prevalence-adjusted positive predictive values (PPV) & gt;98%]. Clinical validation using orthogonal plasma- and tissue-based clinical genotyping across & gt;750 patients demonstrated high accuracy and specificity [positive percent agreement (PPAs) and negative percent agreement (NPAs) & gt;99% and PPVs 92%–100%]. Clinical use in 10,593 advanced adult solid tumor patients demonstrated high feasibility ( & gt;99.6% technical success rate) and clinical sensitivity (85.9%), with high potential actionability (16.7% with FDA-approved on-label treatment options; 72.0% with treatment or trial recommendations), particularly in non–small cell lung cancer, where 34.5% of patient samples comprised a directly targetable standard-of-care biomarker. Conclusions: High concordance with orthogonal clinical plasma- and tissue-based genotyping methods supports the clinical accuracy of digital sequencing across all four types of targetable genomic alterations. Digital sequencing's clinical applicability is further supported by high rates of technical success and biomarker target discovery. Clin Cancer Res; 24(15); 3539–49. ©2018 AACR.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1078-0432 , 1557-3265
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1225457-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036787-9
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  • 10
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 82, No. 4_Supplement ( 2022-02-15), p. P2-14-15-P2-14-15
    Abstract: Background: We have developed P10s-PADRE, a carbohydrate-mimetic-based peptide, cancer vaccine and demonstrated its safety and immunogenicity in a Phase I clinical trial performed in stage IV breast cancer patients. HR+/HER2- breast cancer is the most common form of breast cancer diagnosed in the United States. These patients face a persistent risk of distant recurrence long after completion of their treatment and new strategies to activate anti-tumor immune responses can improve outcomes of standard therapies. The current study was performed to examine the feasibility, safety and immunogenicity of adding P10s-PADRE to standard-of-care chemotherapy in HR+/HER2− early-stage breast cancer patients. Methods: Five combination schedules were designed based on the timing of immunizations relative to a standard-of-care neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen. Induction of on-treatment antibody and cellular responses, including T-cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and cytokines was determined. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were quantified in core and surgical biopsies. The data were used to define the treatment effect in general and the vaccine contribution in particular. Results: Combination of P10s-PADRE with chemotherapy was safe and immunogenic. Antibody response was superior in a particular combination schedule, called schedule C, where 3 weekly immunizations preceded the first dose of chemotherapy. We observed that the schedule C, relative to other schedules, displayed an increase in CD16 expression on NK cells, a drop in serum IFN-γ, and an increase in quantity of stromal TILs in residual tumors. Subjects demonstrated a significant reduction in the size of their primary tumor and three subjects achieved pCR. Conclusions: The timing of the immunization relative to the chemotherapy seems to define the type and strength of the immune responses elicited. A particular combination schedule, schedule C, appears promising and the results warrant the conduct of randomized phase II trials. Citation Format: Issam Makhoul, Saddam M Ibrahim, Muhammad Abu-Rmaileh, Fariba Jousheghany, Eric Siegel, Lora J Rogers, John J Lee, Sergio Pina-Oviedo, Ginell R Post, Thaddeus Beck, Thomas Kieber-Emmons, Behjatolah Monzavi-Karbassi. Timing of the immunization defines immune signature of a peptide cancer vaccine combined with Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in HR+ breast cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-14-15.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2022
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