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  • Springer  (8)
  • Taylor & Francis  (5)
  • 2005-2009  (9)
  • 1995-1999  (4)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Associational resistance and shared doom: effects of epibiosis on herbivory (1995)
    Springer
    Oecologia 102 (1995), S. 329-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Fouling ; Epibiosis ; Host-epibiont-herbivore interactions ; Plant-hervivore interactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The potential for spatial associations between palatable and unpalatable plant species to reduce herbivore pressure on the palatable species has been described as associational resistance, associational refuge or associational defense for numerous terrestrial and marine communities. One of the closest associations between species-epibiosis-has not been thoroughly investigated in this regard. In this study we evaluated how different associations between host seaweeds and epibiotic plants and animals influenced the movement of an omnivorous sea urchin (Arbacia punctulata) to the host and subsequent feeding on the host. A. punctulata showed clear preferences when given pairwise choices between 12 prey species (3 animals, 9 algae). These preferences were consistent and allowed us to rank the six epibiont species and six host species linearly from least to most preferred by A. punculata. Most host-epibiont associations dramatically changed urchin preference, increasing or decreasing urchin grazing on fouled hosts as compared to clean conspecifics. Herbivory on the host increased when the epibiont was more preferred, and decreased when it was less preferred than the unfouled host alga. Taking the host species as a point of reference, we classified epibiosis-caused decrease in herbivory as associational resistance, while epibiont-caused increases in herbivory were defined as shared doom. These epibiont-host-herbivore interactions could select for hosts that facilitate the growth of certain low preference epibionts on their surfaces in situations where the resulting decreases in herbivory would offset the various negative effects of being fouled. In contrast, in situations where herbivores are common, the negative effects of being fouled by palatable epibionts may be much greater than is generally assumed. In our assays, unpalatable hosts fouled by palatable epibionts became much more attractive to urchins and rose several ranks on the urchins' preference hierarchy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00329800
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
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    Non‐toxic protection against epibiosis (1998)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Biofouling, 12 (1-3). pp. 205-226.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-03-23
    Description: Epibiosis on four marine benthic invertebrate species was found to be reduced relative to other nearby surfaces, suggesting the existence of an underlying protection against fouling. In all four cases, toxic chemical antifouling defenses were wanting or inconsistent. However, the lack of epibionts could be attributed to the existence of non‐toxic protective properties in all instances, viz. periodic emergence and mutual grazing in the gastropod, Littorina littorea, cumulative filtration and an as yet unidentified fouling‐reducing property of the periostracum of the bivalve Mytilus edulis, repellency and, possibly, mucus secretion in the colonial ascidian, Cystodytes lobatus, burrowing, periodic emergence (intertidal individuals) and moulting in the crustacean, Carcinus maenas. It seems that such protective systems are often multiple, consisting of several, more or less overlapping, adaptations to reduce fouling. Characteristics of these non‐toxic, multiple protection systems and their significance for potential epibionts are discussed.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    DOI: 10.1080/08927019809378355
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    Effects of epibiosis on consumer-prey interactions (1997)
    Springer
    In:  Hydrobiologia, 355 (1/3). pp. 49-59.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-12
    Description: In many benthic communities predators play a crucial role in the population dynamics of their prey. Surface characteristics of the prey are important for recognition and handling by the predator. Because the establishment of an epibiotic assemblage on the surface of a basibiont species creates a new interface between the epibiotized organism and its environment, we hypothesised that epibiosis should have an impact on consumer-prey interactions. In separate investigations, we assessed how epibionts on macroalgae affected the susceptibility of the latter to herbivory by the urchin Arbacia punctulata and how epibionts on the blue mussel Mytilus edulis affected its susceptibility to predation by the shore crab Carcinus maenas. Some epibionts strongly affected consumer feeding behavior. When epibionts were more attractive than their host, consumer pressure increased. When epibionts were less attractive than their host or when they were repellent, consumer pressure decreased. In systems that are controlled from the top-down, epibiosis can strongly influence community dynamics. For the Carcinus/Mytilus system that we studied, the insitu distribution of epibionts on mussels reflected the epibiosis-determined preferences of the predator. Both direct and indirect effects are involved in determining these epibiont-prey-consumer interactions.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1023/A:1003054802699
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Variability in grazer-mediated defensive responses of green and red macroalgae on the south coast of South Africa (2006)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 149 (6). pp. 1301-1311.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-02-04
    Description: Variabilities in the responses of several South African red and green macroalgae to direct grazing and the responses of one green alga to cues from grazers were tested. We used two feeding experiments: (1) testing the induced responses of three red and one green algae to direct grazing by mesograzers and (2) a multi-treatment experiment, in which the direct and indirect effects of one macrograzer species on the green alga Codium platylobium were assessed. Consumption rates were assessed in feeding assays with intact algal pieces and with agar pellets containing non-polar extracts of the test algae. Defensive responses were induced for intact pieces of Galaxaura diessingiana, but were not induced in pellets, suggesting either morphological defence or chemical defence using polar compounds other than polyphenols. In contrast, exposure to grazing stimulated consumption of Gracilaria capensis and Hypnea spicifera by another grazing species. In the multi-treatment experiment, waterborne cues from both grazing and non-grazing snails induced defensive algal traits in C. platylobium. We suggest that inducible defences among macroalgae are not restricted to brown algae, but that both the responses of algae to grazers and of grazers to the defences of macroalgae are intrinsically variable and complex.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/s00227-006-0320-6
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    Temporal variance of disturbance did not affect diversity and structure of a marine fouling community in north-eastern New Zealand (2007)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 153 (2). pp. 199-211.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-07
    Description: Natural heterogeneity in ecological parameters, like population abundance, is more widely recognized and investigated than variability in the processes that control these parameters. Experimental ecologists have focused mainly on the mean intensity of predictor variables and have largely ignored the potential to manipulate variances in processes, which can be considered explicitly in experimental designs to explore variation in causal mechanisms. In the present study, the effect of the temporal variance of disturbance on the diversity of marine assemblages was tested in a field experiment replicated at two sites on the northeast coast of New Zealand. Fouling communities grown on artificial settlement substrata experienced disturbance regimes that differed in their inherent levels of temporal variability and timing of disturbance events, while disturbance intensity was identical across all levels. Additionally, undisturbed assemblages were used as controls. After 150 days of experimental duration, the assemblages were then compared with regard to their species richness, abundance and structure. The disturbance effectively reduced the average total cover of the assemblages, but no consistent effect of variability in the disturbance regime on the assemblages was detected. The results of this study were corroborated by the outcomes from simultaneous replicate experiments carried out in each of eight different biogeographical regions around the world.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/s00227-007-0798-6
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 6
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    Epibiosis: Ecology, Effects and Defenses (2009)
    Springer
    In:  In: Marine Hard Bottom Communities: patterns, dynamics, diversity, and change. , ed. by Wahl, M. Springer Series: Ecological Studies, 206 . Springer, Heidelberg, pp. 61-72. ISBN 978-3-540-92703-7
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-05
    Type: Book chapter , PeerReviewed
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    OceanRep: Book chapter
  • 7
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    Chemical defence in mussels: antifouling effect of crude extracts of the periostracum of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis (2006)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Biofouling, 22 (4). pp. 251-259.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-03-06
    Description: Shells of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis remain free of fouling organisms as long as they possess an intact periostracum, and a multiple antifouling defence that comprises a ripple-like microtopography and the production of chemical antifouling compounds has been suggested previously. This study investigates the chemical defence strategy of blue mussels for the first time. Six crude extracts of the periostracum of intact shells were made using solvents of increasing polarity. These extracts were tested against common fouling organisms in laboratory based bioassays. Non-polar and moderately polar fractions showed the highest activities: the diethyl ether fraction strongly inhibited attachment of Balanus amphitrite cyprids and the marine bacteria Cobetia marina and Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus. Attachment of the benthic diatom Amphora coffeaeformis was significantly reduced by the dichloromethane extract, whereas both ethyl acetate and diethyl ether fractions slowed diatom growth. These results provide the first evidence of surface bound compounds that may moderate surface colonisation.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1080/08927010600901112
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 8
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    Colonization patterns at the substratum-water interface: how does surface microtopography influence recruitment patterns of sessile organisms? (1999)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Biofouling, 14 (3). pp. 237-248.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-19
    Description: The “rugophilic”; behaviour (e.g. the preference for settling in concavities) of barnacles is well documented. In contrast, little is known about settlement preferences of other species with regard to surface microtopography. In a randomized block design, five different rugosities (smooth, 0.1 mm, 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 5 mm) were exposed to natural fouling in the Baltic Sea. In four experiments, test panels were colonized by Mytilus edulis, Polydora dliata, Balanus improvisus, diatoms, hydrozoa, bryozoa, and several ciliates. Settlement densities and microtopographical preferences for pits or elevations as a function of grain size were evaluated. Rugosities influenced settlement densities and the microtopographical preferences of almost all investigated species. Settlement densities were generally lowest on smooth panels, with most species showing distinct preferences for different rugosities. While a preference for pits was frequent, in some species the proportion of individuals settling on elevations significantly increased with roughness. These data on microtopographical preferences of different species give new insights into interactions between settlement behaviour, surface roughness, boundary layer hydrodynamics and community structure.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    DOI: 10.1080/08927019909378415
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 9
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    Habitat characteristics and typical functional groups (2009)
    Springer
    In:  In: Marine Hard Bottom Communities: patterns, dynamics, diversity, and change. , ed. by Wahl, M. Springer Series: Ecological Studies, 206 . Springer, Heidelberg, pp. 7-17. ISBN 978-3-540-92703-7
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-05
    Type: Book chapter , PeerReviewed
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    OceanRep: Book chapter
  • 10
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    Ecological lever and interface ecology: epibiosis modulates the interactions between host and environment (2008)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Biofouling, 24 (6). pp. 427-438.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-06
    Description: The properties of the body surface play a crucial role in most interactions of marine organisms. Critical ecological properties such as drag, morphology, uptake and release of radiation and organic matter are linked to the body surface of an aquatic organism. The properties and functions of this interface may be modified substantially by the presence and activities of epibiotic communities. This, in turn, may lead to substantial modulation of the interactions between the organism bearing epiphytes and its environment, with consequences for the relative fitness of the host organism (basibiont) and its interactors, and ultimately, the structure and functioning of the assemblage. Epibiosis may act as an ecological lever via these indirect effects, greatly amplifying or buffering biotic and abiotic stress.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1080/08927010802339772
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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