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  • 550 - Earth sciences  (21)
  • major histocompatibility complex  (2)
  • 2005-2009  (17)
  • 1995-1999  (6)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low incidence of autoimmune type I diabetes in BB rats fed a hydrolysed casein-based diet associated with early inhibition of non-macrophage-dependent hyperexpression of MHC class I molecules on beta cells (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 1138-1147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Pathogenesis ; major histocompatibility complex ; BioBreeding rat ; autoimmunity.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Diabetes-prone BioBreeding (DPBB) rats were fed a diabetogenic, mainly plant-based rodent diet, Purina Chow 5001, or a diabetes-retardant, hydrolysed casein-based diet. The expression of MHC class I antigens on pancreatic beta cells occurred at around 25 days of age in Purina Chow-fed rats, and progressively increased with the length of time of feeding with the Purina diet. Most of the Purina Chow-fed DPBB rats revealed hyperexpression of MHC class I antigens on their pancreatic beta cells by 50 days of age. Approximately 92 % of the hyperexpressed Purina Chow-fed DPBB rats developed severe insulitis and diabetes. In contrast, the majority of hydrolysed casein-fed DPBB rats did not show MHC class I antigen hyperexpression and these rats failed to develop insulitis or diabetes. Purina Chow-fed Wistar-Furth rats and diabetes-resistant BioBreeding (DRBB) rats showed only very weak background staining for MHC class I antigens on their beta cells. When Purina Chow-fed DPBB rats were treated with silica to inhibit macrophage infiltration into the pancreatic islets, the hyperexpression of MHC class I antigens was seen even more clearly, as beta cells remained intact. MHC class II antigens were not detected on pancreatic beta cells from DPBB, DRBB or Wistar-Furth rats, regardless of their diet. On the basis of these observations, we concluded that hyperexpression of MHC class I antigens on pancreatic beta cells was mainly restricted to Purina Chow-fed DPBB rats and that suppression of non-macrophage-dependent MHC class I antigen hyperexpression on pancreatic beta cells by a hydrolysed casein-based diet resulted in the prevention of insulitis and diabetes. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 1138–1147]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00422362
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low incidence of autoimmune type I diabetes in BB rats fed a hydrolysed casein-based diet associated with early inhibition of non-macrophage-dependent hyperexpression of MHC class I molecules on beta cells (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 1138-1147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Pathogenesis ; major histocompatibility complex ; BioBreeding rat ; autoimmunity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Diabetes-prone BioBreeding (DPBB) rats were fed a diabetogenic, mainly plant-based rodent diet, Purina Chow 5001, or a diabetes-retardant, hydrolysed casein-based diet. The expression of MHC class I antigens on pancreatic beta cells occurred at around 25 days of age in Purina Chow-fed rats, and progressively increased with the length of time of feeding with the Purina diet. Most of the Purina Chow-fed DPBB rats revealed hyperexpression of MHC class I antigens on their pancreatic beta cells by 50 days of age. Approximately 92% of the hyperexpressed Purina Chow-fed DPBB rats developed severe insulitis and diabetes. In contrast, the majority of hydrolysed casein-fed DPBB rats did not show MHC class I antigen hyperexpression and these rats failed to develop insulitis or diabetes. Purina Chow-fed Wistar-Furth rats and diabetes-resistant BioBreeding (DRBB) rats showed only very weak background staining for MHC class I antigens on their beta cells. When Purina Chow-fed DPBB rats were treated with silica to inhibit macrophage infiltration into the pancreatic islets, the hyperexpression of MHC class I antigens was seen even more clearly, as beta cells remained intact. MHC class II antigens were not detected on pancreatic beta cells from DPBB, DRBB or Wistar-Furth rats, regardless of their diet. On the basis of these observations, we concluded that hyperexpression of MHC class I antigens on pancreatic beta cells was mainly restricted to Purina Chow-fed DPBB rats and that suppression of non-macrophage-dependent MHC class I antigen hyperexpression on pancreatic beta cells by a hydrolysed casein-based diet resulted in the prevention of insulitis and diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00422362
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
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    New Results on Upper Mantle Structure at Collision Zones from Seismic P to S Converted Waves (1999)
    In:  94th Annual Meeting of the Seismological Society of America (Seattle, Washington 1999)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 4
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    The S receiver functions: synthetics and data example (2006)
    In:  Geophysical Journal International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Recently, the S receiver function method has been successfully developed to identify upper mantle interfaces. S receiver functions have the advantage of being free of S-wave multiple reflections and can be more suitable than P receiver functions for studying mantle lithosphere. However, because of specific ray geometry and interference of diverse phases, the S receiver function method has some technical difficulties and limitations. We use synthetic seismograms to demonstrate the feasibility and limitations of S receiver functions for studying mantle structures. Full-wavefield seismograms were calculated using the reflectivity method and processed to generate synthetic S receiver functions for S, SKS and ScS waves. Results show that S receiver functions can be obtained from waveforms of S, SKS and ScS waves. The synthetic S receiver functions for these incident waves show S-to-P converted phases at all discontinuities in the crust and upper mantle. Useful ranges of epicentral distances for calculation of S receiver functions are: 55°–85° for S, 〉85° for SKS and 50°–75° for ScS waves. We apply both the S and P receiver function methods to data recorded at broadband station YKW3 in Northwest Canada. The study shows that there is significant agreement among different receiver function methods, and demonstrates the usefulness of S receiver functions for imaging the mantle lithosphere.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Tracing the Hawaiian Mantle Plume by Converted Seismic Waves (2007)
    In:  Mantle Plumes : a multidisciplinary approach
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Hotspots and seamount chains belong to the fundamental components of the global plate tectonics. The Hawaii-Emperor seamount chain is believed to have been created when the oceanic lithosphere continuously passed over a stationary mantle plume located under the Hawaiian Islands. Hot buoyant material rises from great depth within a fixed narrow stern to the surface, penetrating the moving lithosphere and creating the volcanic seamounts and islands. We use teleseismic converted waves to look at the seismic velocity anomalies caused by the mantle plume from surface down to depths of the mantel transition zone. We applied the shear-wave (S) receiver function technique to map the thickness of the lithosphere. We found a gradual lithospheric thinning from the island of Hawaii ( ~ 100 km thickness) along the Island chain to Kauai ( ~ 60 km thickness) with a width of about 300 km. In this zone our data favour the rejuvenation model, in which the plume returns the lithosphere to conditions close to the ocean ridge. The analysis of the P-to-S converted waves indicates an additional zone of very low S-wave velocity starting at a depth of 130-140 km beneath the central part of the island of Hawaii. We also see in the P-to-S conversions that the upper mantle transition zone is thinned by up to ~ 40 km to the southwest of the island of Hawaii. We interpret these observations as localized effects of the Hawaiian plume conduit in the asthenosphere and the mantle transition zone with an excess temperature of 300 °C. The large variation in the transition zone thickness suggests a lower mantle origin of the Hawaiian plume.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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  • 6
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    Predictions of uplift and gravity change caused by recent melting of the Vatnajökull ice cap, Iceland (1996)
    In:  Annales geophysicae ; vol. 14, Suppl. I, C20, 1996
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 7
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    The lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary beneath the western United States (2007)
    In:  Geophysical Journal International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: S receiver functions from 67 broad-band seismic stations in the western United States clearly reveal the existence of a mantle discontinuity with velocity reduction downward, which we interpret as the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB). The average depth of the LAB is ~ 70 km. The boundary is relatively sharp with an overall sharpness of less than 20 km. The boundary is more prominent south of the Mendocino Triple Junction, where the Farallon Plate has completely subducted. This may indicate partial melts at the base of the lithosphere caused by the upwelling of the asthenospheric flow through the slab window. A double low velocity zone is observed at base of the lithosphere beneath southern Sierra Nevada, implying a second melting zone at a depth of ~ 100 km, well correlated with previous studies of lithospheric delamination in the area.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Detailed Moho Topography Beneath the Southern Lhasa Terrane, Tibet by Receiver Functions (2008)
    In:  Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, Suppl.; 89, 53
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The collision of the Indian and Asian plates since about 55Ma has created the most gigantic plateau with the thickest crust of the world. There is, however, no general agreement on the modes of the crustal thickening. Even the crustal thickness of the Tibetan plateau still remains poorly determined. While it is generally accepted that the Tibetan crust is roughly double normal thick, and that it thins somewhat toward the north, individual observations of Moho depth differ spatially, and between different techniques at the same place, by greater than 20 km. In this work we compare P and S receiver functions at station LSA, located in the southern Lhasa terrane, to determine the crustal thickness beneath the station. Two significant interfaces can be clearly seen in the P receiver functions at depths of about 60 and 80 km (Moho), whereas the latter phase is absent in the S receiver function data, although the S receiver functions sample a similar region of the Moho as the P receiver functions do. Possible mis-interpretation of primary conversions of P receiver functions by crustal multiples can be excluded by distinct differences in moveout curves of phases. We can model the observed P and S receiver functions by a strong topography of the Moho dipping to NEE direction at an angle of 32°. This result may indicate that the Moho beneath Tibet is very complicated and has strong lateral variations, and is consistent with earlier wide-angle reflection and receiver function data showing an imbrication Moho architecture resulted from separated tectonic crustal thickening. The Moho dip direction is locally perpendicular to the Indian plate motion, suggesting that the lower crust flow is decoupled from the underlying Indian mantle lithosphere. The observation may also explain the different results of Moho depths previously made and suggest that a detailed map of Moho depth is only possible with 2-D dense- spacing seismic experiments.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 9
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    The rapid drift of the Indian tectonic plate (2007)
    In:  Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The breakup of the supercontinent Gondwanaland into Africa, Antarctica, Australia and India about 140 million years ago, and consequently the opening of the Indian Ocean, is thought to have been caused by heating of the lithosphere from below by a large plume whose relicts are now the Marion, Kerguelen and Réunion plumes. Plate reconstructions based on palaeomagnetic data suggest that the Indian plate attained a very high speed (18–20 cm yr-1 during the late Cretaceous period) subsequent to its breakup from Gondwanaland, and then slowed to approx5 cm yr-1 after the continental collision with Asia approx50 Myr ago1, 2. The Australian and African plates moved comparatively less distance and at much lower speeds of 2–4 cm yr-1 (refs 3–5). Antarctica remained almost stationary. This mobility makes India unique among the fragments of Gondwanaland. Here we propose that when the fragments of Gondwanaland were separated by the plume, the penetration of their lithospheric roots into the asthenosphere were important in determining their speed. We estimated the thickness of the lithospheric plates of the different fragments of Gondwanaland around the Indian Ocean by using the shear-wave receiver function technique. We found that the fragment of Gondwanaland with clearly the thinnest lithosphere is India. The lithospheric roots in South Africa, Australia and Antarctica are between 180 and 300 km deep, whereas the Indian lithosphere extends only about 100 km deep. We infer that the plume that partitioned Gondwanaland may have also melted the lower half of the Indian lithosphere, thus permitting faster motion due to ridge push or slab pull.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 10
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    Mantle transition structures beneath western United States derived by P and S receiver functions (2006)
    In:  Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 8, 06078, 2006
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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