Note: Front Cover -- Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates -- Ecology and General Biology: Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates - Volume I -- Copyright -- Dedications from the Editors -- Contents -- Contributors to Volume I -- Acknowledgments for Volume I -- About the Editors -- Preface to the Fourth Edition -- Preface to Volume I -- Section 1 - Introduction -- Chapter 1 - Introduction to Invertebrates of Inland Waters -- INTRODUCTION -- SPECIES AND PHYLOGENIES -- USING SYSTEMATICS AND TAXONOMY TO CLASSIFY ORGANISMS -- TAXONOMIC KEYS TO INVERTEBRATES OF INLAND WATERS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 - Overview of Inland Water Habitats -- INTRODUCTION -- GLOBAL VARIATIONS IN AQUATIC HABITATS -- LOTIC ECOSYSTEMS: RIVERS, STREAMS, AND SPRINGBROOKS -- SUBTERRANEAN HABITATS -- LENTIC ECOSYSTEMS: LAKES, PONDS, WETLANDS, AND PHYTOTELMATA -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 - Collecting, Preserving, and Culturing Invertebrates -- COLLECTING AND SAMPLING -- RECORD-KEEPING -- PRESERVING AND FIXING SPECIMENS -- CULTURING INVERTEBRATES -- Section II - General Ecology and Human Impacts -- Chapter 4 - Functional Relationships of Freshwater Invertebrates -- INTRODUCTION -- DISTRIBUTION IN SPACE -- ACQUIRING ENERGY -- REGULATING POPULATIONS AND COMMUNITIES -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 - Ecology of Invasive Alien Invertebrates -- RATES AND GLOBAL EXTENT OF FRESHWATER INVERTEBRATE INVASIONS -- HUMAN VECTORS OF DISPERSAL -- TRAITS CONFERRING INVASION SUCCESS -- ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS -- CAN THE IMPACTS OF ALIEN INVERTEBRATES BE PREDICTED? -- MANAGEMENT OF INVASIVE AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6 - Economic Aspects of Freshwater Invertebrates -- FRESHWATER INVERTEBRATES IN COMMERCE -- BIOMONITORING -- NUISANCE AQUATIC INSECTS -- BENEFITS OR DAMAGES CAUSED BY INTRODUCED OR INVASIVE SPECIES -- MEDICINAL LEECHES. , STRESSES TO LIVESTOCK AND WILDLIFE FROM BITING FLIES -- DISEASES VECTORED BY FRESHWATER INVERTEBRATES -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Section III - Protozoa to Tardigrada -- Chapter 7 - Free-Living Protozoa -- INTRODUCTION -- STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE PROTOZOAN CELL -- BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY OF FREE-LIVING PROTOZOA -- GENERAL ECOLOGY OF PROTOZOA -- COLLECTING AND CULTURING PROTOZOA -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8 - Phylum Porifera -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTING, REARING, AND PREPARATION FOR IDENTIFICATION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9 - Phylum Cnidaria -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTING, CULTURING, AND SPECIMEN PREPARATION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10 - Phylum Platyhelminthes -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTING, CULTURING, AND SPECIMEN PREPARATION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 11 - Phylum Nemertea -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTING, CULTURING, AND SPECIMEN PREPARATION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 12 - Phylum Gastrotricha -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTING, CULTURING, AND SPECIMEN PRESERVATION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 13 - Phylum Rotifera -- INTRODUCTION TO ROTIFERA -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION -- COLLECTING, CULTURING, AND PREPARATION FOR IDENTIFICATION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 14 - Phylum Nemata -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTING, REARING, AND PREPARING SPECIMENS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 15 - Phylum Nematomorpha -- INTRODUCTION TO NEMATOMORPHA -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTING, CULTURING, AND PREPARING SPECIMENS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 16 - Phyla Ectoprocta and Entoprocta (Bryozoans). , INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL BIOLOGY OF ECTOPROCTA -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF ECTOPROCTA -- ENTOPROCTA -- COLLECTING, CULTURING, AND SPECIMEN PREPARATION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 17 - Phylum Tardigrada -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTION, CULTURING, AND SPECIMEN PREPARATION -- REFERENCES -- Section IV - Phylum Mollusca -- Chapter 18 - Introduction to Mollusca and the Class Gastropoda -- INTRODUCTION TO FRESHWATER MEMBERS OF THE PHYLUM MOLLUSCA -- FRESHWATER MEMBERS OF THE CLASS GASTROPODA -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTING, CULTURING, AND SPECIMEN PREPARATION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 19 - CLASS BIVALVIA1 -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- GENERAL ECOLOGY -- COLLECTING, CURATION, AND REARING -- REFERENCES -- Section V - Phylum Annelida -- Chapter 20 - Introduction to Annelida and the Class Polychaeta -- INTRODUCTION TO INLAND WATER ANNELIDA -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTING ANNELIDS AND SPECIMEN PREPARATION -- INTRODUCTION TO THE INLAND WATER POLYCHAETA -- GENERAL BIOLOGY OF POLYCHAETA -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF POLYCHAETA -- COLLECTING POLYCHAETES AND SPECIMEN PREPARATION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 21 - Clitellata: Oligochaeta -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTING, CULTURING, AND SPECIMEN PREPARATION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 22 - Clitellata: Branchiobdellida -- INTRODUCTION TO THE BRANCHIOBDELLIDA -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTING, CULTURING, AND SPECIMEN PREPARATION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 23 - Clitellata: Hirudinida and Acanthobdellida -- INTRODUCTION TO HIRUDINIDA AND ACANTHOBDELLIDA -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTING, REARING, AND PREPARATION FOR IDENTIFICATION -- REFERENCES -- Section VI - Phylum Arthropoda -- Chapter 24 - Introduction to the Phylum Arthropoda. , GENERAL BIOLOGY -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTING, CULTURING, AND PREPARING SPECIMENS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 25 - Subphylum Chelicerata, Class Arachnida -- INTRODUCTION TO ARACHNIDS -- SPIDERS (ARANEAE) -- ACARI: PARASITIFORMES -- ACARIFORMES: FRESHWATER SARCOPTIFORMES -- ACARIFORMES: PROSTIGMATA: OVERVIEW AND FRESHWATER TAXA EXCLUDING HYDRACHNIDIAE -- WATER MITES (PROSTIGMATA: PARASITENGONINA: HYDRACHNIDIAE) -- COLLECTING, REARING, AND PREPARATION FOR STUDY -- DEDICATION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 26 - Subphylum Myriapoda, Class Diplopoda -- INTRODUCTION TO THE SUBPHYLUM -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF FRESHWATER MILLIPEDES -- COLLECTING, REARING, AND PREPARATION FOR IDENTIFICATION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 27 - Introduction to "Crustacea" -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTING, CULTURING, AND SPECIMEN PREPARATION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 28 - Class Branchiopoda -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- LIFE HISTORY AND ECOLOGY -- COLLECTING, CULTURING, AND SPECIMEN PREPARATION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 29 - Class Maxillopoda -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL BIOLOGY OF COPEPODA -- GENERAL ECOLOGY OF COPEPODA -- GENERAL BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF BRANCHIURA -- GENERAL BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF CIRRIPEDIA -- COLLECTING, CULTURING, AND SPECIMEN PREPARATION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 30 - Class Ostracoda -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTING, CULTURING, AND SPECIMEN PREPARATION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 31 - Class Malacostraca, Superorders Peracarida and Syncarida -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTING, CULTURING, AND SPECIMEN PREPARATION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 32 - Class Malacostraca, Order Decapoda -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR. , COLLECTING, CULTURING, AND SPECIMEN PREPARATION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 33 - Hexapoda-Introduction to Insects and Collembola -- INTRODUCTION TO HEXAPODA -- INTRODUCTION TO THE CLASS INSECTA -- GENERAL BIOLOGY OF AQUATIC INSECTS -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF AQUATIC INSECTS -- INTRODUCTION TO COLLEMBOLA -- COLLECTING, CULTURING, AND SPECIMEN PREPARATION OF INSECTS AND SPRINGTAILS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 34 - Order Ephemeroptera -- INTRODUCTION TO MAYFLIES (EPHEMEROPTERA) -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTING, REARING, AND SPECIMEN PREPARATION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 35 - Order Odonata -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTING, CULTURING, AND SPECIMEN PREPARATION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 36 - Order Plecoptera -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTING AND REARING STONEFLIES -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 37 - Order Hemiptera -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTING, CULTURING, AND PREPARING SPECIMENS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 38 - Order Trichoptera -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTING, REARING, AND SPECIMEN PREPARATION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 39 - Order Coleoptera -- INTRODUCTION TO AQUATIC COLEOPTERA -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTING, PRESERVATION, AND CULTURING -- APPENDIX 1: FAMILY DESCRIPTIONS BY SUBORDERS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 40 - Order Diptera -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTING, CULTURING, AND SPECIMEN PREPARATION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 41 - Minor Insect Orders -- INTRODUCTION -- MEGALOPTERA -- NEUROPTERA -- BLATTODEA -- HYMENOPTERA -- LEPIDOPTERA -- MECOPTERA -- ORTHOPTERA -- REFERENCES -- Subject Index -- Taxonomy Index.

Note: Cover -- Field Guide to Freshwater Invertebrates of North America -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Biographic Sketches of the Authors -- Photograph Credits -- Part1 Introduction -- 1. Using This Book Effectively -- I. Introduction to This Field Guide -- II. How Invertebrates are Classified -- III. A Cautionary Note -- 2. General Techniques for Collecting and Identification -- I. Finding, Collecting, and Culturing Aquatic Invertebrates -- II. How to Use a Dichotomous Key -- III. Introductory Taxonomic Key for Invertebrates and Chapter Guide -- Part II General Ecology of Freshwater Invertebrates -- 3. The Nature of Inland Water Habitats -- I. Introduction -- II. Lotic Environments-Creeks and Rivers -- III. Subterranean Habitats: Hyporheic Zone and Cave Environments -- IV. Lentic Ecosystems -- 4. A Primer on Ecological Relationships amongFreshwater Invertebrates -- I. Introduction -- II. Physiological Ecology -- III. Organismal and Population Ecology -- IV. Community Ecology -- Part III Ecology and Identification of Specific Taxa -- 5. Sponges: Phylum Porifera -- I. Introduction, Diversity, and Distribution -- II. Form and Function -- III. Ecology, Behavior, and Environmental Biology -- IV. Collection and Culturing -- V. Representative Taxa of Freshwater Sponges: Phylum Porifera -- 6. Hydra and Jellyfish: Phylum Cnidaria -- I. Introduction, Diversity, and Distribution -- II. Form and Function -- III. Ecology, Behavior, and Environmental Biology -- IV. Collection and Culturing -- V. Representative Taxa: Phylum Cnidaria -- 7. Flatworms: Phylum Platyhelminthes, Class Turbellaria -- I. Introduction, Diversity, and Distribution -- II. Form and Function -- III. Ecology, Behavior, and Environmental Biology -- IV. Collection and Culturing -- V. Representative Taxa of Flatworms: Class Turbellaria -- 8. Hairworms: Phylum Nematomorpha. , I. Introduction, Diversity, and Distribution -- II. Form and Function -- III. Ecology, Behavior, and Environmental Biology -- IV. Collection and Culturing -- V. Representative Taxa of Hairworms: Phylum Nematomorpha -- 9. Snails: Phylum Mollusca, Class Gastropoda -- I. Introduction, Diversity, and Distribution -- II. Form and Function -- III. Ecology, Behavior, and Environmental Biology -- IV. Collection and Culturing -- V. Representative Taxa of Snails and Limpets: Class Gastropoda -- 10. Mussels and Clams: Phylum Mollusca, Class Bivalvia -- I. Introduction, Diversity, and Distribution -- II. Form and Function -- III. Ecology, Behavior, and Environmental Biology -- IV. Collection and Culturing -- V. Representative Taxa of Clams and Mussels: Class Bivalvia -- 11. Aquatic Segmented Worms and Leeches: Phylum Annelida -- I. Introduction to the Phylum Annelida -- II. Form and Function -- III. Ecology, Behavior, and Environmental Biology -- IV. Collection and Culturing -- V. Representative Taxa of Aquatic Earthworms and Leeches:Phylum Annelida -- 12. Moss Animals: Phylum Ectoprocta, or Bryozoa -- I. Introduction, Diversity, and Distribution -- II. Form and Function -- III. Ecology, Behavior, and Environmental Biology -- IV. Collection and Culturing -- V. Representative Taxa of Moss Animals or Bryozoans: Phylum Ectoprocta -- 13. Introduction to Freshwater Invertebrates in thePhylum Arthropoda -- I. Introduction to the Phylum -- II. Form and Function -- III. Ecology, Behavior, and Environmental Biology -- IV. Collection and Culturing -- V. Taxonomic Key to the Phylum Arthropoda -- 14. Mites and Spiders: Subphylum Chelicerata, Class Arachnida -- I. Introduction to the Subphylum -- II. Form and Function -- III. Ecology, Behavior, and Environmental Biology -- IV. Collection and Culturing -- V. Representative Taxa of Mites and Spiders: Class Arachnida. , 15. Fairy Shrimp, Tadpole Shrimp, Clam Shrimp, and Water Fleas:Subphylum Crustacea, Class Branchiopoda -- I. Introduction to the Class Branchiopoda -- II. Form and Function -- III. Ecology, Behavior, and Environmental Biology -- IV. Collection and Culturing -- V. Representative Taxa in the Class Branchiopoda -- 16. Copepods, Fish Lice, and Seed Shrimp: SubphylumCrustacea, Classes Maxillopoda and Ostracoda -- I. Introduction to Copepods, Fish Lice, and Seed Shrimp -- II. Form and Function -- III. Ecology, Behavior, and Environmental Biology -- IV. Collection and Culturing -- V. Representative Taxa of Copepods, Fish Lice, and Seed Shrimps:Classes Maxillopoda and Ostracoda -- 17. Aquatic Sow Bugs, Scuds, and Opossum Shrimp: SubphylumCrustacea, Class Malacostraca, Superorder Peracarida -- I. Introduction -- II. Form and Function -- III. Ecology, Behavior, and Environmental Biology -- IV. Collection and Culturing -- V. Representative Taxa of Sow Bugs, Scuds, and Opossum Shrimps:Class Malacostraca, Superorder Peracarida -- 18. Crayfish, Crabs, and Shrimp: Subphylum Crustacea, ClassMalacostraca, Order Decapoda -- I. Introduction to the Order Decapoda -- II. Form and Function -- III. Ecology, Behavior, and Environmental Biology -- IV. Collection and Culturing -- V. Representative Taxa of Crayfish, Shrimp, and Crabs: Order Decapoda -- 19. Introduction to Insects and their Near Relatives:Subphylum Hexapoda -- I. Introduction to the Subphylum Hexapoda -- II. Form and Function -- III. Ecology, Behavior, and Environmental Biology -- IV. Collection and Culturing -- V. Taxonomic Key -- VI. Representative TAXA -- 20. Mayflies: Insect Order Ephemeroptera -- I. Introduction to the Order Ephemeroptera -- II. Form and Function -- III. Ecology, Behavior, and Environmental Biology -- IV. Collection and Culturing -- V. Representative Taxa of Mayflies: Order Ephemeroptera. , 21. Dragonflies and Damselflies: Insect Order Odonata -- I. Introduction to the Order Odonata -- II. Form and Function -- III. Ecology, Behavior, and Environmental Biology -- IV. Collection and Culturing -- V. Representative Taxa of Dragonflies and Damselflies: Order Odonata -- 22. Stoneflies: Insect Order Plecoptera -- I. Introduction to the Order Plecoptera -- II. Form and Function -- III. Ecology, Behavior, and Environmental Biology -- IV. Collection and Culturing -- V. Representative Taxa of Stoneflies: Order Plecoptera -- 23. True Bugs: Insect Order Hemiptera -- I. Introduction to the Order Hemiptera -- II. Form and Function -- III. Ecology, Behavior, and Environmental Biology -- IV. Collection and Culturing -- V. Representative Taxa of True Bugs: Order Hemiptera -- 24. Hellgrammites, Spongillaflies, Caterpillars, and Others:Minor Aquatic Insect Orders -- I. Introduction to Three Orders -- II. Form and Function -- III. Ecology, Behavior, and Environmental Biology -- IV. Collection and Culturing -- V. Representative Taxa of Hellgrammites, Spongillaflies, and Aquatic Moths -- 25. Caddisflies: Insect Order Trichoptera -- I. Introduction to Trichoptera -- II. Form and Function -- III. Ecology, Behavior, and Environmental Biology -- IV. Collection and Culturing -- V. Representative Taxa of Caddisflies: Order Trichoptera -- 26. Beetles: Insect Order Coleoptera -- I. Introduction to the Order Coleoptera -- II. Form and Function -- III. Ecology, Behavior, and Environmental Biology -- IV. Collection and Culturing -- V. Representative Taxa of Aquatic Beetles: Order Coleoptera -- 27. Midges, Mosquitoes, Blackflies, and Other True Flies:Insect Order Diptera -- I. Introduction to the Order Diptera -- II. Form and Function -- III. Ecology, Behavior, and Environmental Biology -- IV. Collection and Culturing. , V. Representative Taxa of Aquatic Flies: Order Diptera -- Glossary -- References -- Index.