Note: Intro -- FrontMatter -- Contents -- Preface -- Summary -- 1 The Growing Problem of Nonresponse -- 2 Nonresponse Bias -- 3 Mitigating the Consequences of Nonresponse -- 4 Approaches to Improving Survey Response -- 5 Research Agenda -- References and Selected Bibliography -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- Appendix A: Nonresponse Research in Federal Statistical Agencies -- Appendix B: Research Agenda Topics Suggested by the Literature -- Appendix C: Biographical Sketches of Panel Members -- Committee on National Statistics.

Note: Intro -- Isoprenoid Synthesis in Plants and Microorganisms -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- 1: Isoprenoid Biosynthesis in Prokaryotic Organisms -- 2: 1-Deoxy- d -Xylulose 5-Phosphate Synthase (DXS), a Crucial Enzyme for Isoprenoids Biosynthesis -- 3: Biosynthetic Genes and Enzymes of Isoprenoids Produced by Actinomycetes -- 4: Interactions of Isoprenoid Pathway Enzymes and Indirect Stimulation of Isoprenoid Biosynthesis by Pentose Phosphate Cycle Substrates in Synechocystis PCC 6803 -- 5: Metabolic Engineering of Monoterpenoid Production in Yeast -- 6: Metabolic Engineering of Isoprenoid Production: Reconstruction of Multistep Heterologous Pathways in Tractable Hosts -- 7: Microbially Derived Semisynthetic Artemisinin -- 8: Artemisinin: Controlling Its Production in Artemisia annua -- 9: Fosmidomycin as an Antimalarial Agent -- 10: Regulation of Isoprene and Monoterpene Emission -- 11: Involvement of Compartmentalization in Monoterpene and Sesquiterpene Biosynthesis in Plants -- 12: Strategies for the Manipulation of Carbocations by Aristolochene Synthase -- 13: Elucidating the Formation of Geranyllinalool, the Precursor of the Volatile C 16 -Homoterpene TMTT Involved in Indirect Plant Defense -- 14: Strigolactones: A Cry for Help Results in Fatal Attraction. Is Escape Possible? -- 15: Prenyldiphosphate Synthases and Gibberellin Biosynthesis -- 16: Gibberellin Phytohormone Metabolism -- 17: Control of Plastidial Isoprenoid Precursor Supply: Divergent 1-Deoxy- d -Xylulose 5-Phosphate Synthase ( DXS) Isogenes Regulate the Allocation to Primary or Secondary Metabolism -- 18: Tobacco Trichomes as a Platform for Terpenoid Biosynthesis Engineering -- 19: Prenylated Proteins Are Required for Methyl-Jasmonate-Induced Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids Biosynthesis in Catharanthus roseus. , 20: The Role of Prenylcysteine Methylation and Metabolism in Abscisic Acid Signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana -- 21: What We Do and Do Not Know About the Cellular Functions of Polyisoprenoids -- 22: Regulation of 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Synthase and 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase and Rubber Biosynthesis of Hevea brasiliensis (B.H.K.) Mull. Arg -- 23: Development of Crops to Produce Industrially Useful Natural Rubber -- 24: Occurrence of Two Acetoacetyl-Coenzyme A Thiolases with Distinct Expression Patterns and Subcellular Localization in Tobacco -- 25: The Sterol C4-Demethylation in Higher Plants -- 26: Sterol C22-Desaturase and Its Biological Roles -- 27: Enzymatic Synthesis of Unnatural Cyclic Triterpenes -- 28: Saponin Synthesis and Function -- 29: Cardenolide Aglycone Formation in Digitalis -- 30: Biosynthesis of Isoprenoid Precursors in Arabidopsis -- 31: Understanding the Mechanisms that Modulate the MEP Pathway in Higher Plants -- 32: Functional Analysis of HMG-CoA Reductase and Oxidosqualene Cyclases in Arabidopsis -- 33: Systems Understanding of Isoprenoid Pathway Regulation in Arabidopsis -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Antibiotic Discovery and Development -- Foreword -- References -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I: Introductory History of Antimicrobial Drugs -- Chapter 1: The Early History of Antibiotic Discovery: Empiricism Ruled -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Birth of Chemotherapy -- 1.2.1 Ehrlich's Discovery of Salvarsan -- 1.2.2 Prontosil: Forerunner of the Sulfonamides -- 1.3 Natural Products Enter the Scene -- 1.3.1 Discovery of Penicillin -- 1.3.2 The Actinomycetes Take Center Stage -- 1.3.2.1 The Discovery of Streptomycin -- 1.4 The Pharmaceutical Industry Initiates Screening: Collaboration and Competition -- 1.4.1 Isolation of Novel Producer Organisms -- 1.4.2 Screening for Activity -- 1.4.3 Isolating and Identifying the Active Metabolite -- 1.5 Antibiotics Produced by Actinomycetes -- 1.5.1 Chlortetracycline -- 1.5.2 Chloramphenicol -- 1.5.3 Additional Aminoglycoside Antibiotics -- 1.5.3.1 Neomycin -- 1.5.3.2 Kanamycin -- 1.5.3.3 Gentamycin -- 1.5.4 Erythromycin A: The Macrolide Prototype -- 1.5.5 Lincomycin -- 1.5.6 Vancomycin: The Glycopeptide Prototype -- 1.5.7 Rifamycins: The First Ansamacrolides -- 1.5.8 Novobiocin -- 1.5.9 Spectinomycin -- 1.5.10 Daptomycin : The First Lipopeptide to Be Marketed -- 1.5.11 Streptogramins: A Natural Synergy -- 1.6 Antibiotics Produced by Fungi -- 1.6.1 The Discovery of Cephalosporin C -- 1.6.2 Fusidic Acid -- 1.7 Antibiotics Produced by Bacteria that are not Actinomycetes -- 1.7.1 Bacitracin: A Gram-Positive Only Peptide Antibiotic -- 1.7.2 Polymyxins: Gram-Negative Only Peptide Antibiotics -- 1.8 Antibiotics Produced Through Synthetic Chemistry -- 1.8.1 Para Amino Salicylic Acid -- 1.8.2 Isoniazid -- 1.8.3 Pyrazinamide -- 1.8.4 Ethambutol -- 1.8.5 Nitrofurans -- 1.8.6 Metronidazole -- 1.8.7 Nalidixic Acid: The Prototype Quinolone -- 1.8.8 Linezolid: The First Oxazolidinone to Be Approved. , 1.9 Concluding Comments -- References -- Chapter 2: Rational Approaches to Antibacterial Discovery: Pre-Genomic Directed and Phenotypic Screening -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Antibacterial Chemotherapeutics: Antimetabolites Versus Enzyme Inhibitors -- 2.2.1 Prontosil -- 2.2.2 Trimethoprim -- 2.3 Natural Product Screening -- 2.3.1 Dereplication -- 2.3.2 Screening as a Means of Dereplication -- 2.4 Rational Screening for Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis -- 2.4.1 b  -Lactamase Inhibitors -- 2.4.2 Screens for Spheroplast Formation -- 2.4.2.1 Mechanisms of Action of Spheroplasting Compounds Acting Outside the Committed Steps of the Cell Wall Pathway -- Fosmidomycin and Other Phosphonates -- Pentalenolactone -- Globomycin -- 2.4.3 Strains Supersensitive to Cell Wall Active Agents -- 2.4.4 Acholeplasma Screen -- 2.4.5 L-Form Assay -- 2.4.6 Specific Screens for Novel Glycopeptides Based on Mechanism of Action -- 2.4.7 Competition with Unfractionated Cell Wall Material -- 2.4.8 b  -Lactamase Inducers -- 2.4.9 Synergy Screens -- 2.5 Screens for New Members of Previously Described Classes of Antibiotics -- 2.5.1 Aminoglycoside Screens -- 2.5.2 Reporter-Based Screening Platforms -- 2.6 The Concept of Phenotypic Screening -- 2.6.1 Folate Pathway Revisited: Interplay of Genetics, Biochemistry, and Screening Strategies -- 2.6.2 Phenotypic Screening for DNA Replication Inhibitors -- 2.7 Why Rational Screening Has Had a Low Yield: Implications for Current Programs -- References -- Part II: Marketed Major Classes of Compounds -- Chapter 3: Beta-Lactam Antibiotics -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Development of Penicillins -- 3.2.1 The Natural Penicillins -- 3.2.2 The Hunt for Penicillinase-Stable Penicillins -- 3.2.3 Penicillins with Improved Oral Bioavailability -- 3.2.4 Penicillins with Improved Stability to Staphylococcal Penicillinase. , 3.2.5 Broad-Spectrum and Beta-Lactamase Stable Penicillins -- 3.2.6 Experimental Penams -- 3.3 Cephalosporins, Cephamycins and Other Cephems -- 3.3.1 First-Generation Cephalosporins -- 3.3.2 Second-Generation Cephalosporins -- 3.3.3 Third-Generation Cephalosporins -- 3.3.4 Fourth-Generation Cephalosporins -- 3.3.5 Anti-MRSA Cephalosporins -- 3.3.6 Cephamycins -- 3.3.7 Chitinovorins and Cephabacins -- 3.3.8 Carbacephems and Oxacephems -- 3.3.9 Experimental Cephems -- 3.4 Carbapenems -- 3.5 Penems and Oxapenems -- 3.6 Monocyclic Beta-Lactams -- 3.7 Antibiotic Combinations with Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors -- 3.8 Beta-Lactam Mimics -- 3.9 Pharmacology -- References -- Chapter 4: Review of the Quinolone Family -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Structure Activity Relationships -- 4.3 Mechanism of Action -- 4.4 Mechanisms of Resistance -- 4.4.1 Chromosomal Mechanisms -- 4.4.2 Plasmid-Mediated Mechanisms -- 4.5 Antimicrobial Activity -- 4.6 Pharmacokinetics -- 4.7 Pharmacodynamics -- 4.8 Toxicity -- 4.9 Clinical Uses -- 4.9.1 Urinary Tract Infections -- 4.9.2 Sexually Transmitted Diseases -- 4.9.3 Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Infections -- 4.9.4 Respiratory Tract Infections -- 4.9.5 Bone and Joint Infections -- 4.9.6 Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections -- 4.9.7 Other Infections -- References -- Chapter 5: Tetracyclines -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 History of Tetracycline -- 5.2.1 The Natural Products Approach to Antibiotic Discovery -- 5.2.2 The Discovery of the First Tetracycline -- 5.2.3 Biosynthesis of the Tetracyclines -- 5.2.4 Expanding the Utility Through Semi-Synthesis -- 5.2.5 A New Generation of Tetracyclines: The Glycylcyclines and Aminomethylcyclines -- 5.3 Tigecycline -- 5.3.1 Mechanism of Action -- 5.3.2 Spectrum of Activity -- 5.3.2.1 Reference Susceptibility Test Method -- 5.3.2.2 Susceptibility Test Data -- 5.3.3 Mechanisms of Resistance to Tigecycline. , 5.3.3.1 S. aureus -- 5.3.3.2 The Proteeae and P. aeruginosa -- 5.3.3.3 Other Enterobacteriaceae -- 5.3.3.4 Acinetobacter baumannii -- 5.3.4 Clinical Indications -- 5.3.4.1 Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections -- 5.3.4.2 Complicated Intra-Abdominal Infections -- 5.3.4.3 Community Acquired Pneumonia -- 5.4 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 6: Macrolides and Ketolides -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Development History and Chemistry -- 6.3 In Vitro Antibacterial Activity -- 6.4 Mechanism of Action -- 6.5 Mechanism of Resistance -- 6.6 Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics -- 6.7 Clinical Use -- 6.7.1 Upper Respiratory Tract Infections -- 6.7.1.1 Bacterial Pharyngitis -- 6.7.1.2 Acute Maxillary Sinusitis -- 6.7.1.3 Acute Otitis Media -- 6.7.2 Lower-Respiratory Tract Infections -- 6.7.2.1 Acute Bacterial Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease -- 6.7.2.2 Acute Bacterial Exacerbation of Chronic Bronchitis (ABECB) -- 6.7.2.3 Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia (CABP) -- 6.7.3 Skin and Soft Tissue Infections -- 6.7.4 Genital Infections -- 6.7.5 Mycobacterial Infections in AIDS Patients -- 6.7.6 Other Pathogens -- 6.7.7 Other Proposed Antibacterial Uses of Macrolides -- 6.7.7.1 Atherosclerosis -- 6.7.7.2 Asthma -- 6.7.7.3 Crohn's Disease -- 6.7.8 Proposed Anti-inflammatory Uses of Macrolides -- 6.7.8.1 Diffuse Panbronchiolitis/Cystic Fibrosis -- 6.7.8.2 Other Inflammatory Conditions -- 6.8 Safety Issues -- 6.8.1 Erythromycin -- 6.8.2 Clarithromycin -- 6.8.3 Azithromycin -- 6.8.4 Telithromycin -- 6.8.5 Drug-Drug Interactions -- 6.9 Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 7: Aminoglycosides -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Aminoglycoside Mechanism of Action -- 7.3 Mechanisms of Aminoglycoside Resistance -- 7.4 Aminoglycoside Natural Products -- 7.5 History, the Semisynthetic Era. , 7.6 The "Neoglycoside" ACHN-490 is Active Against Bacteria with AMEs -- 7.6.1 ACHN-490 is Active Against Bacteria Resistant to Key Antibiotics -- 7.6.2 ACHN-490 is Rapidly Bactericidal -- 7.6.3 ACHN-490 is Synergistic with Other Agents Against MRSA -- 7.7 Aminoglycoside Pharmacokinetics -- 7.7.1 Pharmacokinetics of ACHN-490 -- 7.8 Aminoglycoside Pharmacodynamics -- 7.9 Toxicity and Safety of Aminoglycosides -- 7.9.1 Aminoglycoside-Associated Neuromuscular Blockade -- 7.9.2 Nephrotoxicity -- 7.9.3 Renal Uptake of Aminoglycosides -- 7.9.4 Mechanisms of Cellular Toxicity -- 7.9.5 Aminoglycoside Ototoxicity -- 7.9.6 Ototoxicity in Humans -- 7.9.7 Uptake into Inner Ear Cells -- 7.10 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8: Oxazolidinone Antibacterial Agents -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Discovery of the Oxazolidinones -- 8.2.1 Emergence of Antibacterial Oxazolidinones at DuPont -- 8.3 The First Clinically Useful Oxazolidinone, Linezolid -- 8.3.1 Identification of Oxazolidinones with Improved Safety Profiles at the Upjohn Company -- 8.3.2 Upjohn Studies Leading to the Identification of PNU-100480, Eperezolid and Linezolid -- 8.3.3 Linezolid Emerges as the Oxazolidinone with the Best Overall Profile -- 8.3.4 Clinical Experience with Linezolid -- 8.3.5 Linezolid Indications (Marketed as Zyvox™) -- 8.4 Other Noteworthy Oxazolidinones -- 8.4.1 Additional Key Contributions to Oxazolidinone SAR -- 8.4.1.1 Oxazolidinone Ring Replacements -- 8.4.1.2 Evolution of the Oxazolidinone C-5 Side Chain -- 8.4.1.3 Oxazolidinones with Extended Binding Motifs -- 8.4.2 Post-linezolid Clinical Oxazolidinones -- 8.4.2.1 Oxazolidinones Under Active Clinical Investigation -- 8.5 Oxazolidinone Mechanism of Action and Resistance Development -- 8.5.1 Mechanism of Action -- 8.5.2 Resistance Development -- 8.5.2.1 Staphylococci -- 8.5.2.2 Enterococci -- 8.5.2.3 Streptococci. , 8.6 Oxazolidinone Opportunities and Conclusions.

Note: Front Cover -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- CD Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Dedication to Wolf Hilbertz -- Chapter 2: Innovative Methods of Marine Ecosystem Restoration: An Introduction -- Chapter 3: Restoring Reefs to Grow Back Beaches and Protect Coasts from Erosion and Global Sea-Level Rise -- Chapter 4: Reef Restoration Using Seawater Electrolysis in Jamaica -- Chapter 5: Electrically Stimulated Corals in Indonesia Reef Restoration Projects Show Greatly Accelerated Growth Rates -- Chapter 6: Biorock Reef Restoration in Gili Trawangan, North Lombok, Indonesia -- Chapter 7: Electrical Current Stimulates Coral Branching and Growth in Jakarta Bay -- Chapter 8: Electricity Protects Coral from Overgrowth by an Encrusting Sponge in Indonesia -- Chapter 9: Gorgonian Soft Corals Have Higher Growth and Survival in Electrical Fields -- Chapter 10: Suitability of Mineral Accretion as a Rehabilitation Method for Cold-Water Coral Reefs -- Chapter 11: Utilization of Low-Voltage Electricity to Stimulate Cultivation of Pearl Oysters Pinctada maxima (Jameson) -- Chapter 12: Increased Oyster Growth and Survival Using Biorock Technology -- Chapter 13: Electrical Stimulation Increases Oyster Growth and Survival in Restoration Projects -- Chapter 14: Restoration of Seagrass Mats (Posidonia oceanica) with Electrical Stimulation -- Chapter 15: Electrical Fields Increase Salt Marsh Survival and Growth and Speed Restoration in Adverse Conditions -- Chapter 16: Postlarval Fish Capture and Culture for Restoring Fisheries -- Chapter 17: Mariculture Potential of Gracilaria Species [Rhodophyta] in Jamaican Nitrate-Enriched Back-Reef Habitats: Growth, Nutrient Uptake, and Elemental Composition -- Chapter 18: Sustainable Reef Design to Optimize Habitat Restoration -- Chapter 19: Marine Ecosystem Electrotherapy: Practice and Theory -- Back Cover.

Note: Front cover -- Dedication -- Preface to the First Edition -- Preface to the Third Edition -- Acknowledgments -- Authors -- Contents -- Chapter 1. Gas Chromatography -- Chapter 2. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography -- Chapter 3. Thin Layer Chromatography -- Chapter 4. Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Chromatography -- Chapter 5. Electrophoresis -- Chapter 6. ELECTRO ANALY TICAL METHODS -- Chapter 7. Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry -- Chapter 8. Infrared Spectrophotometry -- Chapter 9. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy -- Chapter 10. Mass Spectroscopy -- Chapter 11. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry -- Chapter 12. Qualitative Tests -- Chapter 13. Solution Properties -- Chapter 14. Tables for Laboratory Safety -- Chapter 15. Miscellaneous Tables -- Back cover.

Note: Intro -- ANTARCTICA: GLOBAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC ISSUES -- ANTARCTICA: GLOBAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC ISSUES -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 SPECIES DIVERSITY OF ANTARCTIC MYSIDS (CRUSTACEA: LOPHOGASTRIDA AND MYSIDA) -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- GEOGRAPHIC COVERAGE -- SAMPLING METHODS -- Suprabenthic Species -- Pelagic Species -- THE ROLE OF MYSIDS IN THE ANTARCTIC ECOSYSTEMS -- GENERAL MORPHOLOGY AND MAIN DIAGNOSTIC FEATURES -- CLASSIFICATION OF MYSID TAXA -- BACKGROUND OF SOUTHERN OCEAN MYSID BIODIVERSITY -- UPTATED RECORDS OF LOPHOGASTRIDS AND MYSIDS FROM THE ANTARCTIC AND SUBANTARCTIC REGIONS -- Antarctic Mysids -- Subantarctic Mysids -- Extrapolating the Number of Southern Ocean Mysid Species -- DIAGNOSES OF LOPHOGASTRIDA TAXA -- Order Lophogastrida Boas, 1883 -- Family Gnathophausiidae Udrescu, 1984 -- Genus Gnathophausia Willemoes-Suhm, 1873 -- Gnathophausia zoea Willemoes-Suhm, 1875 -- Genus Neognathophausia Petryashev, 1992 -- Neognathophausia gigas (Willemoes-Suhm, 1875) -- Family EUCOPIIDAE G.O. Sars, 1885 -- Genus Eucopia Dana, 1852 -- Eucopia australis Dana, 1852 -- KEY TO SPECIES OF LOPHOGASTRIDA FROM THE ANTARCTIC REGION -- DIAGNOSES OF MYSIDA TAXA -- Order MYSIDA Haworth 1825 -- Family Petalophthalmidae Czerniavky, 1882 -- Genus Hansenomysis Stebbing, 1893 -- Hansenomysis angusticauda O. Tattersall, 1961 -- Hansenomysis antarctica Holt & -- Tattersall, 1906 -- Hansenomysis anaramosae San Vicente & -- Sorbe 2008 -- Familiy MYSIDAE Haworth, 1825 -- Subfamily Boreomysinae Holt & -- Tattersall, 1905 -- Genus Boreomysis Sars, 1869 -- Boreomysis brucei W. Tattersall, 1913 -- Boreomysis inermis (Willemoes-Suhm, 1874) -- Boreomysis rostrata Illig, 1906 -- Boreomysis sibogae Hansen, 1910 -- Subfamily Erythropinae Hansen, 1910 -- Genus Amblyops G.O. Sars, 1872 -- Amblyops antarctica O. Tattersall, 1955. , Amblyops tattersalli Zimmer, 1914 -- Genus Amblyopsoides O.S. Tattersall, 1955 -- Amblyopsoides crozeti (G.O. Sars, 1883) -- Amblyopsoides haleyi Ledoyer 1990 -- Genus Dactylamblyops Holt & -- Tattersall, 1906 -- Dactylamblyops hodgsoni Holt & -- Tattersall, 1906 -- Genus Euchaetomera Sars, 1884 -- Euchaetomera zurstrasseni (Illig, 1906) -- Genus Hyperamblyops Birstein & -- Tchindonova, 1958 -- Hyperamblyops antarctica (Hansen, 1913) -- Genus Marumomysis Murano, 1999 -- Marumomysis antarctica San Vicente, 2007 -- Genus Paramblyops Holt & -- Tattersall, 1905 -- Paramblyops brevirostris O. Tattersall, 1955 -- Genus Pseudomma G.O. Sars, 1870 -- Pseudomma antarcticum Zimmer, 1914 -- Pseudomma armatum Hansen, 1913 -- Pseudomma belgicae Holt & -- Tattersall, 1906 -- Pseudomma longicaudum O. Tattersall, 1955 -- Pseudomma sarsi G.O. Sars, 1883 -- Pseudomma schollaertensis O. Tattersall, 1955 -- Subfamily Heteromysinae Norman, 1892 -- Genus Mysidetes Holt & -- Tattersall, 1906 -- Mysidetes antarctica O. Tattersall, 1965 -- Mysidetes brachylepis W. Tattersall, 1923 -- Mysidetes crassa Hansen, 1913 -- Mysidetes dimorpha O. Tattersall, 1955 -- Mysidetes hanseni Zimmer, 1914 -- Mysidetes kerguelensis (Illig, 1906) -- Mysidetes microps O. Tattersall, 1955 -- Mysidetes posthon Holt & -- Tattersall, 1906 -- Subfamily Mysinae Haworth, 1825 -- Genus Antarctomysis Coutière, 1906 -- Antarctomysis maxima Holt & -- Tattersall, 1906 -- Antarctomysis profunda Ledoyer, 1990 -- Antarctomysis ohlinii Hansen, 1908 -- Subfamily Leptomysinae Hansen, 1910 -- Mysifaun erigens Wittmann, 1996 -- KEY TO SPECIES OF MYSIDA FROM THE ANTARCTIC REGION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 REMOTE SENSING OF SOLAR INFLUENCE ON ANTARCTIC TERRESTRIAL CLIMATE BY GPS OBSERVATIONS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. PWV MEASUREMENTS USING THE GPS METEOROLOGY. , 2.1. Total Tropospheric Delay Derived from GPS -- 2.2. The Niell Mapping Function -- 2.3. GPS Derived Precipitable Water Vapour -- 3. INSTRUMENTATION, DATA PROCESSING AND VALIDATION -- 3.1. Scott Base Antarctic Instrumentation System -- 3.2. Data Set, Processing and Validation Results -- 4. CHARACTERISTICS OF SOLAR MODULATED GEOMAGNETIC ACTIVITY DURING THE MAJOR STORMS OF 2003-2005 -- 4.1. The Major Storm of 29-31 October 2003 (‗Halloween Storm') -- 4.2. The Major Storm of 20-21 November 2003 -- 4.3 The November 2004 Storm -- 4.4. The Major Storm of 15-16 May 2005 -- 5. A NEW PROPOSED METHOD TO CORRELATE SOLAR ACTIVITY AND TERRESTRIAL CLIMATE -- 6. INVESTIGATION SOLAR INFLUENCE ON TERRESTRIAL CLIMATE -- 6.1. Surface Meteorological Conditions during Geomagnetic Storms -- 6.2. The Relation between Solar Activity and PWV during Geomagnetic Storms -- 6.2.1 The October 2003 storm -- 6.2.2. The November 2003 storm -- 6.2.3. The November 2004 storm -- 6.2.4. The May 2005 storm -- 6.3. Solar Activity and PWV during Quiet Days -- 6.4. The Relationship between Solar Activity and PWV on Monthly Basis -- 6. PROPOSED PHYSICAL MECHANISMS -- 7. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 LEVELS AND TRENDS OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES (OCPS) IN ANTARCTICA -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES (OCPS) -- 2.1. OCP Concentrations in Antarctic Air -- 2.2. OCP Concentrations in Antarctic Seawater -- 2.3. Air-Water Exchange of OCPs -- 2.4. OCP Concentrations in Antarctic Snow and Ice -- 2.5. Concentrations of OCPs in Antarctic Soil and Sediment -- 2.6. Concentrations of OCPs in Antarctic Ice Biota, Plankton and Krill -- 3. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 VOLATILE CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS IN ANTARCTICA: A TYPICAL EXAMPLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL GLOBAL CONTAMINATION -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- Global Contamination. , Antarctica in the Study of the Global Change -- Volatile Chlorinated Hydrocarbons -- ITALY IN ANTARCTICA: HISTORY AND RESEARCH PROJECTS -- Oceanographic Campaigns -- ITASE Expeditions -- Investigated Areas -- SAMPLING OPERATIONS -- Basic Aspects -- Seawater Sampling -- Ice Sampling -- Surface Water Sampling -- Snow Sampling -- Air Sampling -- ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES -- LLE-GC-ECD -- Materials and instruments -- Analytical procedure -- PTI-GC-MS -- Materials and instruments -- Analytical procedure -- CTI-GC-MS -- Materials and instruments -- Analytical procedure -- Blank evaluation -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- VCHCs in the Ross Sea -- VCHC Deposition Mechanism on Snow -- VCHCs along ITASE Traverses -- VCHC Distribution among Antarctic and Italian Matrices -- Atmosphere/Aquatic Environment Concentration Ratios -- CONCLUSION -- Future Perspective -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 CHEMICAL FINGERPRINT OF BULK TEPHRA FROM LATE PLEISTOCENE / HOLOCENE VOLCANOES IN THE NORTHERN ANTARCTIC PENINSULA AREA -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- GEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND -- PREVIOUS WORK -- ANTARCTIC PENINSULA TEPHRA LAYERS ORIGINATING FROM THE ANTARCTIC PLATE -- RESULTS FROM FIELDWORK -- SAMPLE DESCRIPTION AND METHODOLOGY -- Geochemical Characterization of the Individual Volcanic Centers -- CLIMATE IMPACT -- CONCLUSIONS -- OUTLOOK -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES IN THE EXPLORATION OF ANTARCTICA: INTRODUCTION TO ANTARCTICA (INCLUDING USGS FIELD PERSONNEL: 1946-59) -- INTRODUCTION TO THIS OPEN-FILE REPORT GROUP PERTAINING TO ANTARCTICA -- CONCEPTUALIZATION, DISCOVERY, EXPLORATION, AND MAPPING OF ANTARCTICA -- EARLY HISTORY OF THE U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY IN ANTARCTICA -- USGS SCIENTIFIC OBJECTIVES, ACTIVITIES, AND USGS PERSONNEL IN ANTARCTICA IN 1946-47, 1947-48, 1954-55, AND 1955-59. , U.S. Navy Operation Highjump (1946-47) -- Airborne magnetometry -- Glaciology and geomorphology -- USGS personnel in Antarctica During 1946-47 -- U.S. Navy Operation Windmill (1947-48) -- Geology and geodesy -- USGS personnel in Antarctica during 1947-48 -- U.S. Navy U.S.S. Atka Reconnaissance Cruise (1954-55) -- Geology -- USGS personnel in Antarctica during 1954-55 -- IGY and U.S. Navy Operation Deep Freeze I, II, III, and IV (1955-56, 1956-57, 1957-58 and 1958-59) -- Geology -- Geography and mapping -- USGS personnel in Antarctica during 1955-59 (Deep freeze I, II, III, and IV) -- Modernization and Comparative Change -- RELEVANT MAPS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7 COASTAL-CHANGE AND GLACIOLOGICAL MAPS OF ANTARCTICA -- Chapter 8 COASTAL-CHANGE AND GLACIOLOGICAL MAP OF THE LARSEN ICE SHELF AREA, ANTARCTICA: 1940-2005 -- INTRODUCTION -- Background -- Objectives -- Sources -- Analytical and Other Methodologies Used for Each Data Source -- IfAG mosaic -- Landsat images and overlays -- Landsat 7 ETM+ images -- Vertical aerial photographs -- Oblique Aerial Photographs -- Maps and publications -- Corona satellite photograph -- European Space Agency Envisat ASAR Image -- Kosmos KATE-200 Photographic Mosaic -- RADARSAT images -- Other satellite images -- Coastline Accuracies -- GLACIOLOGICAL FEATURES -- GLACIER INVENTORY -- ANALYSIS -- Methodology for Coastal-Change Analysis -- Discussion of Observed Coastal Changes -- Wordie Ice Shelf -- Larsen Ice Shelf -- Jones Ice Shelf -- Outlet-Glacier, Ice-Stream, and Ice-Shelf Velocities -- Map Revisions and Comparisons -- SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES CITED -- APPENDIX-TABLES 2, 3, 4, AND 5 -- Chapter 9 COASTAL-CHANGE AND GLACIOLOGICAL MAP OF THE NORTHERN ROSS ICE SHELF AREA, ANTARCTICA: 1962-2004 -- INTRODUCTION -- Background -- Objectives -- Sources -- Methodology. , Geodetic Accuracy of the RADARSAT Image Mosaic of Antarctica7.

Note: Cover -- Ecology and Conservation of the Sirenia: Dugongs and Manatees -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- 1: Introduction -- THE SIRENIA -- POPULATION SIZES AND TRENDS -- HUMAN-SIRENIAN INTERACTIONS -- OBJECTIVES OF THI S BOOK -- 2: Steller's sea cow -- INTRODUCTION -- GEORG WILHELM STELLER AND THE VOYAGE OF THE ST PETER -- DISCOVERY AND DESCRIPTIONS OF SEA COW BIOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY -- EXTIRPATION OF STELLER'S SEA COW -- MODERN INVESTIGATIONS AND SPECULATIONS ON SEA COW BIOLOGY -- CONCLUSIONS -- 3: Affinities, origins and diversity of the Sirenia through time -- INTRODUCTION -- PROPOSED AFFINITIES AND PLACEMENTS OF THE SIRENIA BASED ON MORPHOLOGY AND PALAEONTOLOGY -- PAENUNGULATA AND TETHYTHERIA -- AFFINITIES OF THE SIRENIA BASED ON MOLECULAR AND GENETIC ANALYSES: THE AFROTHERIA -- Preliminary molecular and biochemical studies of sirenian affinities -- Genetic and cytogenetic evidence of sirenian affinities within the Superorder Afrotheria -- DIVERGENCE AND CHARACTERS OF THE EARLIEST SIRENIA AND THEIR CLOSEST RELATIVES -- THE FOSSIL SIRENIA -- The Prorastomidae and Pezosiren: the quadrupedal sirenians -- The Protosirenidae -- The Dugongidae -- Halitheriinae -- Dugonginae -- Hydrodamalinae -- The Trichechidae -- Miosireninae -- Trichechinae -- Molecular genetics suggests additional complexities in manatee evolution -- SIRENIAN DIVERSITY THROUGH TIME: ECOLOGY OF CO-EXISTING SPECIES AND SERIAL REPLACEMENTS -- Premises about the ecological and evolutionary capacities of sirenians -- Co-existing species and serial replacements in the Caribbean Sea and western Atlantic Ocean -- Eocene sirenians in the Caribbean Sea and western Atlantic Ocean -- Oligocene sirenians in the Caribbean Sea and western Atlantic Ocean -- Miocene sirenians in the Caribbean Sea and western Atlantic Ocean. , Pliocene sirenians in the Caribbean Sea and western Atlantic Ocean -- Co-existing species and serial replacements in the North Pacific Ocean -- CONCLUSIONS -- NOTES -- 4: Feeding biology -- OPTIMAL FORAGING THEORY -- FEEDING STYLE -- FOODS -- Methodology -- Dugongs -- Amazonian manatee -- West Indian manatee -- West African manatee -- FOOD ATTRIBUTES -- Plant biomass and productivity -- Food quality -- Nitrogen and protein -- Water-soluble carbohydrates and starch -- Structural carbohydrate and fibre -- Secondary compounds -- Minerals -- Water content -- In vitro dry matter digestibility -- FOOD ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING -- Food acquisition -- Mastication -- Digestion -- Food consumption -- SIRENIAN-PLANT INTERACTIONS -- Effects on the food plant community -- Microbial processes and detritus -- Plant biomass and productivity -- Plant community structure and composition -- Food quality -- Benthic animals -- Recovery of plant communities -- Feeding optimisation? -- Competition with green turtles -- Manatees and aquatic weed clearance -- COMPARATIVE OVERVIEW AND IMPLI CATIONS FOR CONSERVATION -- SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH -- NOTE -- 5: Behaviour and habitat use -- INTRODUCTION -- INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR -- Sensation and perception -- Audition -- Tactile senses -- Vision -- Chemoreception -- Orientation and navigation -- Swimming and diving -- Locomotion -- Respiration and diving -- Activity patterns and time budgets -- Long-distance movement patterns and migrations -- Dugong movements -- Florida manatee movements -- Antillean, Amazonian and West African manatee movements -- Anti-predator behaviour and habitat use -- SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR -- Group sizes and composition -- Mating systems and mating behaviour -- Cavorting, play and other social behaviours -- Mother-infant behaviour -- Vocal communication -- Evidence for matrilineal use of space. , HABITAT USE AND HABITAT COMPONENTS -- Multivariate habitat use studies -- Forage -- Salinity and access to fresh water -- Water temperature -- Availability of quiet or sheltered areas -- Seasonal rainfall -- Tidal cycles -- Rough water -- Wilderness and anthropogenic change -- CONCLUSIONS -- SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH -- 6: Life history, reproductive biology and population dynamics -- INTRODUCTION -- METHODOLOGY -- Potential sampling biases -- Carcass studies -- Longitudinal studies -- Captive animals -- Differences in knowledge about the species -- AGE ESTIMATION -- Methods -- LIFE SPAN -- EXTERNAL SEXUAL DIMORPHISM -- REPRODUCTIVE CYCLES -- The ovarian cycle -- The testicular cycle -- SEXUAL MATURITY -- Criteria of sexual maturity -- Assessment of sexual maturity in females -- Size at attainment of sexual maturity in females -- Age at attainment of sexual maturity in females -- Assessment of sexual maturity in males -- Size at attainment of sexual maturity in males -- Age at attainment of sexual maturity in males -- PREGNANCY AND BIRTH -- Length of gestation -- Litter size, sex ratio and size at birth -- CALF DEPENDENCY -- CALVING INTERVALS -- REPRODUCTIVE RATES -- TIMING OF REPRODUCTIVE ACTIVITY IN MATURE SIRENIANS -- Seasonality of reproduction in females -- Seasonality of reproduction in males -- Tendency to delay reproduction in adverse conditions -- Evidence of reproductive senescence -- SURVIVAL -- Methods -- Survival in Florida manatees -- ASSESSING POPULATION DYNAMICS THROUGH MODELLING OF LIFE HISTORY PARAMETERS -- LIFE HISTORY OF THE SIRENIA: COMPARATIVE OVERVIEW AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CONSERVATION -- SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH -- 7: Threats -- INTRODUCTION -- HUNTING -- Prehistoric and pre-European contact exploitation -- Commercial exploitation -- Contemporary legal hunting -- Poaching -- Contemporary hunting methods. , Contemporary uses -- Contemporary commercial values -- International trade -- INCIDENTAL CAPTURE IN FISHING GEAR -- INTERACTIONS WITH VESSELS -- Impacts of watercraft on Florida manatees -- Management actions to reduce impacts of boats on Florida manatees -- Indirect effects of vessel traffic on sirenians -- COLD STRESS -- Cold stress syndrome in manatees -- Loss of warm-water refugia in Florida -- INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND MACROPARASITES -- Die-offs due to disease -- Viral diseases -- Bacterial diseases -- Mycotic (fungal) infections -- Protozoal diseases -- Macroparasites and commensals -- Other pathological conditions -- Application of modern diagnostic tools for health assessments -- CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS -- Persistent organic contaminants -- Toxic elements, herbicides and oil -- HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS AND BIOTOXINS -- Harmful algal blooms and marine mammals -- Karenia brevis red tides and Florida manatees -- Dinoflagellates and dugongs -- GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE -- MISCELLANEOUS THREATS AND SOURCES OF MORTALITY -- LOSS OF GENETIC DIVERSITY -- INCREASING HUMAN POPULATIONS AND HABIT AT LOSS -- CONCLUSIONS -- NOTES -- 8: Conservation status: Criteria, methods and an assessment of the extant species of Sirenia -- CRITERIA FOR DESIGNATING CONSERVATION STATUS -- METHODS FOR GENERATING THE DATA FOR A STATUS ASSESSMENT -- Estimating abundance -- Aerial survey techniques -- Mark-recapture techniques -- Estimating population trends -- Estimating the percentage of mature individuals -- Estimating generation length -- Assessing the status of individual sirenians -- STATUS ASSESSMENTS OF THE EXTANT SIRENIANS -- International conservation conventions -- Capacity for implementation -- DUGONG -- East Africa -- Population size and trends -- Threats -- Conservation actions -- Assessment -- Red Sea and Gulf of Aden -- Population size and trends -- Threats. , Conservation actions -- Assessment -- Arabian/Persian Gulf -- Population size and trends -- Threats -- Conservation actions -- Assessment -- Indian subcontinent and Andaman and Nicobar Islands -- Population size and trends -- Threats -- Conservation actions -- Assessment -- Continental East and South-east Asia, including the coastal islands -- Population size and trends -- Threats -- Conservation actions -- Assessment -- East and South-east Asia: major archipelagoes -- Population size and trends -- Threats -- Conservation actions -- Assessment -- Australia -- Population size and trends -- Threats -- Conservation actions -- Assessment -- Western Pacific islands -- Population size and trends -- Threats -- Conservation actions -- Assessment -- AMAZONIAN MANATEE -- Population size and trends -- Threats -- Conservation actions -- Assessment -- WEST INDIAN MANATEE -- Florida manatee -- Population size and trends -- Threats -- Conservation actions -- Assessment -- Antillean manatee -- Population size and trends -- Threats -- Conservation actions -- Assessment -- WEST AFRICAN MANATEE -- Population size and trends -- Threats -- Conservation actions -- Assessment -- CONCLUSIONS -- NOTE -- 9: Conservation opportunities -- PROBLEM RECOGNITION AND DEFINITION -- REGULATORY TOOLS AND PROCESSES FOR CONSERVING SIRENIANS -- Legal protection -- Enforcement -- Aquatic protected areas -- ENABLING TOOLS AND PROCESSES FOR CONSERVING SIRENIANS -- Education and awareness -- Community partnerships -- Cross-species initiatives -- Flagship species -- Reinforcement of cultural protocols -- Research -- Stock assessment -- Managing for multiple threats -- Spatial management of the risks to sirenians: a practical approach to conservation -- Adaptive management -- Monitoring -- Economic tools -- OPPORTUNISM AND CREATIVITY. , Possible reintroduction of Antillean manatees to Guadeloupe (French Antilles).