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  • 1
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    Magnetism of Co-doped ZnO epitaxially grown on a ZnO substrate (2012)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-24
    Description: Author(s): Li Li, Y. Guo, X. Y. Cui, Rongkun Zheng, K. Ohtani, C. Kong, A. V. Ceguerra, M. P. Moody, J. D. Ye, H. H. Tan, C. Jagadish, Hui Liu, C. Stampfl, H. Ohno, S. P. Ringer, and F. Matsukura In order to unravel the magnetism of Co-doped ZnO films, we have performed rigorous experiments on Co-doped ZnO grown on O-polar ZnO (000 1̅ ) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. We find that the ZnO:Co with Co composition less than 20 % is paramagnetic even at low temperatures, whereas that ... [Phys. Rev. B 85, 174430] Published Wed May 23, 2012
    Keywords: Magnetism
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 2
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    Long-Term Ovarian Cancer Survival Associated With Mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 (2013)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2013-01-16
    Description: Background Studies have suggested that the 5-year survival of women with ovarian cancer and a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation is better than expected. We sought to evaluate the impact of carrying a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation on long-term survival of women after a diagnosis of invasive ovarian cancer. Methods One thousand six hundred twenty-six unselected women diagnosed with invasive ovarian cancer in Ontario, Canada, or in Tampa, Florida, between 1995 and 2004 were followed for a mean of 6.9 years (range = 0.3 to 15.7 years). Mutation screening for BRCA1 and BRCA2 revealed mutations in 218 women (13.4%). Left-truncated survival analysis was conducted to estimate ovarian cancer–specific survival at various time points after diagnosis for women with and without mutations. Results In the 3-year period after diagnosis, the presence of a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation was associated with a better prognosis (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.48 to 0.98; P = .03), but at 10 years after diagnosis, the hazard ratio was 1.00 (95% CI = 0.83 to 1.22; P = .90). Among women with serous ovarian cancers, 27.4% of women who were BRCA1 mutation carriers, 27.7% of women who were BRCA2 carriers, and 27.1% of women who were noncarriers were alive at 12 years past diagnosis. Conclusion For women with invasive ovarian cancer, the short-term survival advantage of carrying a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation does not lead to a long-term survival benefit.
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2105
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Global productivity potential of microalgae [Sustainability Science] (2014)
    National Academy of Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2014-06-11
    Description: In the current literature, the life cycle, technoeconomic, and resource assessments of microalgae-based biofuel production systems have relied on growth models extrapolated from laboratory-scale data, leading to a large uncertainty in results. This type of simplistic growth modeling overestimates productivity potential and fails to incorporate biological effects, geographical location, or...
    Keywords: Sustainability Science
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 4
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    Phosphorylation within the cysteine-rich region of dystrophin enhances its association with {beta}-dystroglycan and identifies a potential novel therapeutic target for skeletal muscle wasting (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-27
    Description: Mutations in dystrophin lead to Duchenne muscular dystrophy, which is among the most common human genetic disorders. Dystrophin nucleates assembly of the dystrophin–glycoprotein complex (DGC), and a defective DGC disrupts an essential link between the intracellular cytoskeleton and the basal lamina, leading to progressive muscle wasting. In vitro studies have suggested that dystrophin phosphorylation may affect interactions with actin or syntrophin, yet whether this occurs in vivo or affects protein function remains unknown. Utilizing nanoflow liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, we identified 18 phosphorylated residues within endogenous dystrophin. Mutagenesis revealed that phosphorylation at S3059 enhances the dystrophin–dystroglycan interaction and 3D modeling utilizing the Rosetta software program provided a structural model for how phosphorylation enhances this interaction. These findings demonstrate that phosphorylation is a key mechanism regulating the interaction between dystrophin and the DGC and reveal that posttranslational modification of a single amino acid directly modulates the function of dystrophin.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
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    Comparison and Prognostic Validation of Multiple Methods of Quantification of Myocardial Blood Flow with 82Rb PET (2014)
    The Society of Nuclear Medicine (SNM)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-02
    Description: The quantification of myocardial blood flow (MBF) and myocardial flow reserve (MFR) using PET with 82 Rb in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease has been demonstrated to have substantial prognostic and diagnostic value. However, multiple methods for estimation of an image-derived input function and several models for the nonlinear first-pass extraction of 82 Rb by myocardium have been used. We sought to compare the differences in these methods and models and their impact on prognostic assessment in a large clinical dataset. Methods: Consecutive patients ( n = 2,783) underwent clinically indicated rest–stress myocardial perfusion PET with 82 Rb. The input function was derived using a region of interest (ROI) semiautomatically placed in the region of the mitral valve, factor analysis, and a hybrid method that creates an ROI from factor analysis. We used 5 commonly used extraction models for 82 Rb to estimate MBF and MFR. Pearson correlations, bias, and Cohen were computed for the various measures. The relationship between MFR/stress MBF and annual rate of cardiac mortality was estimated with spline fits using Poisson regression. Finally, incremental value was assessed with the net reclassification improvement using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: Correlations between MFR or stress MBF measures made with the same input function derivation method were generally high, regardless of extraction model used (Pearson r 〉 0.90). However, correlations between measures derived with the ROI method and other methods were only moderate (Pearson r = 0.42–0.62). Importantly, substantial biases were seen for most combinations. We saw that the relationship between cardiac mortality and stress MBF was variable depending on the input function method and extraction model, whereas the relationship between MFR and risk was highly consistent. Net reclassification improvement was comparable for most methods and models for MFR but was highly variable for stress MBF. Conclusion: Although both stress MBF and MFR can improve prognostic assessment, MFR is substantially more consistent, regardless of choice of input function derivation method and extraction model used.
    Print ISSN: 0022-3123
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The Society of Nuclear Medicine (SNM)
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  • 6
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    Ontogeny of point bars on a river in a cold semi-arid climate (2014)
    Geological Society of America (GSA)
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    Publication Date: 2014-08-29
    Description: During the extreme flood of May 1978 in Powder River, Montana, USA, three new point bars were created: two by meander cutoffs, and one by 65 m of lateral channel migration. By using annual cross-sectional surveys and by sampling sediment in dug trenches, we documented the creation of point-bar platforms upon which sediments were later deposited to create point-bar features that evolved with time. Our observations of point-bar growth and evolution on Powder River are compared with similar observations of other point bars in humid subtropical and subarctic climates. Powder River is a meandering alluvial river in a cold semi-arid climate, characterized by a diverse flow regime that includes occasional ice-jam floods in late winter, annual snowmelt floods in late spring, episodic flash floods in the summer, and infrequent floods in the fall. The building of the point-bar platform took place during a relatively short time span, by an apparently random process of deposition and erosion of unit bars during floods that gradually changed a concave channel surface to a convex surface upon which the point-bar features evolved. Point-bar features on Powder River were built by a superposition of multiple unit bars associated with five flood types over a period of years rather than during a single year. Erosion was found to be a significant process in the shaping of the point bars. Erosion varied spatially between point bars and temporally at multiple time scales over the 33 yr time span. Erosion at the decadal time scale indicated that on average 19%–41% of the initial deposits (older than 10 yr) were eroded. This quantification of erosion has implications for interpreting the geological record.
    Print ISSN: 0016-7606
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2674
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of America (GSA)
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  • 7
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    High-throughput analysis of epistasis in genome-wide association studies with BiForce (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-21
    Description: Motivation: Gene–gene interactions (epistasis) are thought to be important in shaping complex traits, but they have been under-explored in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) due to the computational challenge of enumerating billions of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) combinations. Fast screening tools are needed to make epistasis analysis routinely available in GWAS. Results: We present BiForce to support high-throughput analysis of epistasis in GWAS for either quantitative or binary disease (case–control) traits. BiForce achieves great computational efficiency by using memory efficient data structures, Boolean bitwise operations and multithreaded parallelization. It performs a full pair-wise genome scan to detect interactions involving SNPs with or without significant marginal effects using appropriate Bonferroni-corrected significance thresholds. We show that BiForce is more powerful and significantly faster than published tools for both binary and quantitative traits in a series of performance tests on simulated and real datasets. We demonstrate BiForce in analysing eight metabolic traits in a GWAS cohort (323 697 SNPs, 〉4500 individuals) and two disease traits in another (〉340 000 SNPs, 〉1750 cases and 1500 controls) on a 32-node computing cluster. BiForce completed analyses of the eight metabolic traits within 1 day, identified nine epistatic pairs of SNPs in five metabolic traits and 18 SNP pairs in two disease traits. BiForce can make the analysis of epistasis a routine exercise in GWAS and thus improve our understanding of the role of epistasis in the genetic regulation of complex traits. Availability and implementation: The software is free and can be downloaded from http://bioinfo.utu.fi/BiForce/ . Contact: wenhua.wei@igmm.ed.ac.uk Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
    Print ISSN: 1367-4803
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2059
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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