Note: Intro -- From the Series Editors -- Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration Including Bioenergy and Related Processes -- This Book -- Authors -- Our Books: Now 37 Volumes -- Future Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration and Other Related Books -- Series Editors -- Contents -- Preface -- The Editors -- Contributors -- Author Index -- Chapter 1: What Can We Learn From Bryophyte Photosynthesis? -- I. Introduction -- II. Terrestrialization -- A. Photosynthesis on Land -- B. Tiny but Tenacious -- C. Making Inferences from Extant Organisms -- III. Biochemical and Cellular Biology -- A. Are Bryophytes C 3 ? -- B. The Terrestrial Pyrenoid: Unique Among Plants -- C. Drying Without Dying -- D. Tolerating Light -- E. Bryophyte Genomics -- IV. Organization of the Bryophyte Photosynthetic System -- V. Ecophysiology of Bryophyte Photosynthesis: Adapting to Environmental Stress -- VI. Conclusion -- Chapter 2: Early Terrestrialization: Transition from Algal to Bryophyte Grade -- I. Introduction -- II. Molecular Systematics Provides a Reasonably Well-Resolved Framework for Investigations of Terrestrialization Process and Pattern -- III. Early-Evolved Physiological Traits Likely Fostered the Process by Which Streptophytes Made the Transition to Land -- A. Desiccation-Tolerance Is an Early- Evolved Streptophyte Trait -- B. The Evolution of Distinctive Light- Harvesting Pigment-Protein Complexes May Have Accompanied the Streptophyte Transition to Land -- C. Streptophyte Algae Bequeathed Carbon Acquisition Versatility to Embryophyte Descendants -- 1. Use of Bicarbonate as a Source of Dissolved Inorganic C -- 2. Origin of Beta-Type Carbonic Anhydrases -- 3. Mixotrophy -- D. Sporopollenin and Lignin-Like Vegetative Cell Wall Components Originated in Streptophyte Algae and Were Inherited by Earliest Land Plants, Influencing Their Carbon Cycle Impacts. , 1. Sporopollenin -- 2. Lignin-Like Vegetative Cell Wall Polymers -- IV. Comparison of Early-Diverging Modern Photosynthesizers to Precambrian-Devonian Fossils Illuminates the Pattern of Terrestrialization -- A. Cyanobacteria Were Likely Earth's First Terrestrial Photosynthesizers -- B. Cyanobacterial and Other Microbial Associations Aid Bryophyte Photosynthesis -- C. Microfossils Indicate That Freshwater and/or Terrestrial Eukaryotic Algae Were Present in the Precambrian -- D. Fossil Evidence Suggests That Streptophyte Algae Were Established on Land by the Middle Cambrian -- E. Some Experts Think That Early Land Plants Had Evolved by the Middle Cambrian, Though the Concept Is Controversial -- F. Microfossil and Macrofossil Evidence Indicates the Widespread Occurrence of Early Liverwort-Like and Moss-Like Land Plants by Mid-Ordovician Times, Extending into the Silurian and Devonian -- V. Perspective -- References -- Chapter 3: Photosynthesis in Early Land Plants: Adapting to the Terrestrial Environment -- I. Introduction -- II. Extant Terrestrial Cyanobacteria, Algae and Embryophytes -- III. The Time of Origin of Photosynthetic Taxa with Emphasis on Those Which Occur on Land -- IV. Evidence of Primary Productivity on Land Before and Contemporary with the First Evidence of Embryophytes -- V. Terrestrial Photosynthetic Organisms in the Upper Silurian and Devonian -- A. Upper Silurian -- B. Lower Devonian -- C. Middle Devonian -- D. Upper Devonian -- E. Prototaxites -- VI. Photosynthetic Capacities -- A. Extant Organisms -- B. Relevance to the Colonization of Land by Photosynthetic Organisms -- VII. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: The Diversification of Bryophytes and Vascular Plants in Evolving Terrestrial Environments -- I. Introduction -- II. Beginnings: The Transition from Water to Land. , III. Exchanges of Matter and Energy at the Earth's Surface -- A. The Climate Near the Ground: Gradients at the Interface -- B. Transfers of Heat and Matter to and from the Atmosphere -- C. The Heat Budget and Penman's Equation -- IV. Selection Pressures on Early Land Plants -- A. Water Loss and CO 2 Uptake -- B. Desiccation Tolerance -- C. Disseminule Dispersal -- V. The Evolution of Vascular Plants -- A. The Evolution of Complexity of Form, and Conducting Systems -- B. The Importance of Scale -- C. The Vascular-Plant Package -- D. Possible Scenarios for the Evolution of Vascular Plants -- E. Why Did Vascular Plants Not Supersede Bryophytes? -- F. Physiological Consequences of the "Vascular-Plant Package" -- VI. The Post-palaeozoic Scene: Complex Habitats -- A. The Close of the Palaeozoic Era -- B. The Mesozoic Era: Continuing Evolution of Bryophytes -- C. The Cenozoic Era: The Modern World -- D. Phyletic Conservatism and Life- Strategy Correlations -- VII. Overview -- References -- Chapter 5: Best Practices for Measuring Photosynthesis at Multiple Scales -- I. Introduction -- II. The Photosynthetic Organ in Bryophytes -- A. Life Forms and Photosynthesis -- B. Functional Trait Relationships in Bryophytes -- C. Photosynthesis-Related Traits and the Carbon Balance of Bryophytes -- III. Standardizing Photosynthetic Measurements -- A. Surface Roughness -- B. Area- and Mass-Based Measurements -- C. Chlorophyll -- D. Effects of Water -- E. Sampling -- IV. Best Practices for Studies of Photosynthesis -- References -- Chapter 6: Diffusion Limitation and CO 2 Concentrating Mechanisms in Bryophytes -- I. Introduction -- II. Tissue Structure and CO 2 Diffusion -- A. Simple Thallus -- B. Complex Thallus -- C. Phyllid -- III. Evolutionary Trade-off Between Cell Wall Structure and CO 2 Diffusion -- IV. The Carbon Concentrating Mechanism (CCM) of Bryophytes. , A. Chloroplast Structure and CO 2 Diffusion -- B. Evolution of Pyrenoids in Land Plants -- C. Engineering A Crop Plant Pyrenoid -- References -- Chapter 7: Sunsafe Bryophytes: Photoprotection from Excess and Damaging Solar Radiation -- I. Introduction -- II. Avoiding Absorption of Excessive or Damaging Radiation -- A. Generic Screening Mechanisms in Bryophytes -- B. Production of Specific UV Absorbing Compounds in Bryophytes -- C. Structure of UV Absorbing Compounds in Bryophytes -- III. Dealing with Excess Light Absorbed Within the Chloroplast -- A. Dissipating Excess Energy as Heat, Non Photochemical Quenching and the Xanthophyll Cycles -- B. Consuming Excess Energy in the Chloroplasts: Cyclic Electron Flow, Photorespiration and the Mehler Reaction -- IV. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8: Chloroplast Movement in Higher Plants, Ferns and Bryophytes: A Comparative Point of View -- I. Introduction -- II. Photoreceptors -- III. The Role of the Cytoskeleton -- IV. Chloroplast Movement Speed -- V. Degrees of Movement -- VI. Effects of Other Environmental Factors on Chloroplast Positioning -- VII. Chloroplast Movement in Different Cellular Locations -- VIII. Ecological Importance -- IX. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9: Scaling Light Harvesting from Moss "Leaves" to Canopies -- I. Introduction -- II. Light Interception in Mosses -- A. Basics of Light Interception -- B. Moss Leaf Area Index -- Moss Shoot Area Index -- D. Controls of Light Interception in Mosses by Structure -- E. Moss Pigment Content and Light Harvesting -- F. Acclimation of Moss Light Harvesting Across Understory Light Environments -- III. Gradients of "Leaf" Traits in Moss Canopies: Acclimation or Senescence? -- A. Gradients in Pigments -- B. Gradients in Photosynthetic Activity -- IV. Conclusions -- References. , Chapter 10: Structural and Functional Analyses of Bryophyte Canopies -- I. Introduction -- II. Chlorophyll Fluorescence 2D Imaging in Sphagnum -- A. Photosynthetic Drying and Light Response Curves -- B. Fine- and Coarse-Scale Patterns of Electron Transport Rate -- III. 3D Thermal Mapping of Bryophyte Canopies -- A. Combining Thermal Imaging and 3D Laser Scanning -- B. Temperature Distribution in Polytrichum commune Canopies -- IV. Light Dynamics in Virtual Bazzania trilobata Canopies -- A. The Plant Model -- B. Simulating Light Within the Canopy -- V. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 11: Genetics and Genomics of Moss Models: Physiology Enters the Twenty-first Century -- I. Introduction -- II. Propagation -- A. Life Cycle -- B. Culture -- C. Strain Storage -- III. Genetic Manipulation -- A. Mutagenesis -- B. Sexual Crossing -- C. Somatic Hybridisation -- D. Transformation -- E. Gene Targeting -- IV. Genomic Data and Applications -- A. Genome Sequence -- B. Genomics -- V. Potential for Photosynthetic Studies -- References -- Chapter 12: Photosynthesis in Aquatic Bryophytes -- I. Introduction: History of Photosynthesis in Aquatic Bryophytes -- II. The Role of Plant and Habitat Structure in Photosynthesis -- A. Quiet Water - Lakes -- B. Mires -- C. Flowing Water - Streams and Rivers -- III. Resource Availability and Utilization in Aquatic Bryophytes -- A. CO 2 -- 1. Flow Rate -- 2. Temperature -- 3. p H, Bicarbonates, and Carbonates -- 4. Carboxylase Activity -- 5. Alternative CO 2 Sources or Mechanisms -- B. Nutrients -- C. Light -- 1. Chlorophyll and Accessory Pigments -- 2. Photoinhibition -- 3. Light Compensation Point -- IV. Desiccation -- V. Storage Compounds -- VI. Productivity -- VII. Seasons -- VIII. Future Research -- References -- Chapter 13: Physiological Ecology of Peatland Bryophytes -- I. Introduction. , II. Specific Adaptations of Peatland Bryophytes.

Note: Intro -- Warfare Ecology -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Introduction: A New Synthesis -- Part I: Foundations -- Part II: Preparations -- Part III: War -- Part IV: Postwar -- Part V: Advancing the Field of Warfare Ecology -- Index.

Note: Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface to the New Edition -- Author's Note -- 1. Uncommon Ground -- 2. In Two Worlds -- 3. Beside the Green Meadow -- 4. Scyther's Complaint -- 5. The Interior River -- 6. My Lady of the Squirrels -- 7. Autumnal Tints -- 8. The Green Man -- 9. The Other Side -- 10. Life on Earth -- 11. Journals in Dreamtime -- 12. The Crudest Month -- 13. The Sea of Milk -- 14. Living at the End of Time -- Epilogue.

Note: Cover -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Introduction: Goals and Challenges for the In-situ Characterization of Heterogeneous Catalysts -- Catalysis and the Need to Characterize Active Sites in Different Types of Materials and Chemical Environments -- Catalyst Composition and Active Phase Identification -- Structural Features and Spatial Array of the Active Phase in the Catalyst -- The Surface Morphology of the Catalyst Active Phase -- Electronic Properties and Chemical State of the Active Phase in the Catalyst -- Properties of Adsorbates, Surface Chemistry, and Reaction Mechanism -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 1: QEXAFS in Catalysis Research: Principles, Data Analysis, and Applications -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Implementation -- 1.3 Data Analysis Methods -- 1.3.1 One-Step Reaction -- 1.3.2 Two-Step Reactions -- 1.4 Examples of QEXAFS in Catalysis Research -- 1.5 Summary and Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 2: Spatially Resolved X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy -- 2.3 Full-Field Microscopy and Tomography -- 2.3.1 Full-Field Imaging with High Spatial Resolution -- 2.3.2 Full-Field Imaging of a Catalyst during Partial Oxidation of Methane -- 2.3.3 Time-Resolved Imaging of a Catalyst during the Ignition of Partial Oxidation of Methane -- 2.3.4 Tomography -- 2.4 Scanning Microscopy and Tomography -- 2.4.1 Experimental Setup and Contrast Mechanisms -- 2.4.2 Scanning Modes in Microscopy and Tomography -- 2.4.3 Example: XANES Tomography of a Cu/ZnO Catalyst inside a Reactor Capillary -- 2.5 Outlook -- References -- 3: Energy-Dispersive EXAFS: Principles and Application in Heterogeneous Catalysis -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The Dispersive Concept and Its Ramifications for the Study of Heterogeneous Materials. , 3.2.1 Detectors, Bandwidths, and Inline Normalization -- 3.2.2 Issues Related to X-ray Scattering and Sample Uniformity -- 3.3 Examples of Applications of Dispersive EXAFS to Problems in Catalysis -- 3.3.1 Establishing the Significance of Vanadium Oxidation States during Selective Maleic Anhydride Synthesis from N-Butane -- 3.3.2 Oscillations during CO Oxidation by O2 over Pd Catalysts -- 3.3.3 Dispersive EXAFS for Characterizing Pt and PtGe Nanoparticles and Wires in Mesoporous Hosts -- 3.3.4 Dispersive EXAFS and the World of Auto Exhaust Catalysis for Pollution Abatement -- 3.4 Future Perspectives and Possibilities -- 3.4.1 Difficult Samples, Dilute Samples, and Very High Time Resolution -- 3.4.2 Spatial Measurements and Tomography -- 3.4.3 Other Areas of Foreseeable or Ongoing Development -- 3.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 4: In-situ Powder X-ray Diffraction in Heterogeneous Catalysis -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Crystal Structure and Powder Diffraction -- 4.3 Tools for In-situ Measurements -- 4.3.1 X-ray Sources -- 4.3.2 Flow Control and Product Analysis -- 4.3.3 In-situ Cells -- 4.3.4 Detectors -- 4.3.5 Analysis -- 4.4 Applications of XRD to the In-situ Characterization of Catalysts -- 4.4.1 In-situ Studies of Microporous Catalysts: Hydrothermal Synthesis, Adsorption, and Catalysis -- 4.4.2 In-situ Studies of Hydrothermal/Solvothermal Synthesis of Zeolites and Microporous Catalysts -- 4.4.3 Cation Migration in Microporous Zeolites and Sorbate-Cation Interactions -- 4.4.4 In-situ Studies of Microporous Catalysts during Operation -- the MTO Process -- 4.5 Simple Reduction and Activation of Oxides -- 4.6 Sintering of Nanocatalysts -- 4.7 In-situ Determination of Active Phase in Metal/Oxide Catalyst -- 4.8 Conclusions -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 5: Pair Distribution Function Analysis of High-Energy X-ray Scattering Data. , 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 Definition -- 5.2 Structural Insights from the PDF Data -- 5.2.1 Model Independent Analysis -- 5.2.2 Modeling PDF -- 5.2.3 Differential Analysis -- 5.3 Measuring a PDF -- 5.3.1 Current Approach to PDF Measurements -- 5.3.2 Working with High-Energy X-rays -- 5.4 In-situ Studies -- 5.4.1 Sample Environment Needs -- 5.4.2 A Versatile Environment for Catalytic Studies: The Flow Cell-Furnace -- 5.5 Applications of In-situ PDF Methods to Problems in Catalysis -- 5.5.1 Reagent Binding and the Structure of Catalytically Active Surface Sites -- 5.5.2 Quantitative Reaction Kinetics and Mechanisms from Time-Resolved PDF Analysis -- 5.5.3 Correlating Structure and Reactivity: Identifying Active Surface Species in Reactive Systems -- 5.6 Outlook -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 6: Neutron Scattering for In-situ Characterization of Heterogeneous Catalysis -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Neutron Sources -- 6.3 Sample Environment -- 6.4 Neutron Scattering Techniques for Catalysis -- 6.4.1 Powder Diffraction -- 6.5 Examples of Extracting Structural Characteristics from Small-Angle Scattering of Catalysts -- 6.5.1 Inelastic Neutron Scattering -- 6.6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 7: Visualization of Surface Structures of Heterogeneous Catalysts under Reaction Conditions or during Catalysis with High-Pressure Scanning Tunneling Microscopy -- 7.1 Surface Structures of Heterogeneous Catalysts in Ultrahigh Vacuum -- 7.2 Surface Structures of Heterogeneous Catalysts under Reaction Conditions -- 7.3 Techniques for Studies of Surface Structure of Catalysts under Reaction Conditions or during Catalysis -- 7.4 Surface Restructuring in the Surface Layer of a Catalyst -- 7.5 Pressure-Dependent Surface Coverage of Adsorbates and Structural Evolution from Low to High Pressure. , 7.6 Temperature-Driven Surface Restructuring at a Relatively High Pressure of Reactants and the Challenge in Obtaining Atomically Resolved Images at High Temperature and High Pressure -- 7.7 Summary -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 8: In-situ Infrared Spectroscopy on Model Catalysts -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 IRRAS Applications on Crystalline Planar Samples under UHV Conditions -- 8.2.1 Metal Single Crystals -- 8.2.2 Oxide Single Crystals -- 8.2.3 Oxide Ultrathin Films -- 8.3 In-situ IRRAS Studies on Model Systems at Elevated Pressures -- 8.3.1 Model NOx Storage Materials at Elevated NO2 Pressures -- 8.3.2 Palladium-Catalyzed Cyclotrimerization of Acetylene -- 8.3.3 Adsorption of Carbon Monoxide on Ethylidyne-Covered Pd(111) -- 8.3.4 Vinyl Acetate Formation on Oxygen-Covered Pd(111) -- 8.4 PM-IRRAS -- 8.4.1 Adsorption of CO at Ambient Pressure on Pd(111) -- 8.4.2 CO + NO Reaction on Pd(111) -- 8.4.3 Decomposition and Oxidation of Methanol on Pd(111) -- 8.5 Conclusions -- References -- 9: Infrared Spectroscopy on Powder Catalysts -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Experimental Approaches -- 9.3 Molecular Probe Acid/Base Properties of Molecular Sieves -- 9.4 Water-Gas Shift Reaction -- 9.5 Carbon Monoxide Oxidation -- 9.6 Methanol-to-Hydrocarbon Conversion -- 9.7 NOx Storage and Reduction -- 9.8 Hydrodesulfurization Catalysts -- 9.9 Selective Oxidation of Alcohols and Hydrocarbons -- 9.10 Probing the Solid-Liquid Interface with ATR Spectroscopy -- 9.11 Ultra-fast Time-Resolved Studies -- 9.12 IR Microspectroscopy -- 9.13 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 10: Structural Characterization of Catalysts by Operando Raman Spectroscopy -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Equipment for Operando Raman Spectroscopy -- 10.2.1 Solid-Gas Interaction -- 10.2.2 Gas Phase -- 10.2.3 Supercritical Condition -- 10.3 Effect of Water on Catalyst Reconstruction. , 10.4 Peroxide Species -- 10.5 Catalysis by Oxides -- 10.5.1 Supported Metal Oxides -- 10.5.2 Bulk Mixed Metal Oxides for Oxidation -- 10.5.3 Supported-Bulk Metal Oxides -- 10.5.4 How Different Are Supported and Bulk Oxide Catalysts? -- 10.6 Space-Resolved Operando Raman -- 10.6.1 Raman Mapping and Imaging during Catalysis -- 10.6.2 Operando Raman Spectroscopy in Microreactors -- 10.7 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 11: In-situ Electron Paramagnetic Resonance of Powder Catalysts -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.1.1 Paramagnetic Transition Metal Ions -- 11.1.2 Radicals and Radical Ions -- 11.2 Basic Principle and Instrumentation of EPR -- 11.3 Selected Application Examples -- 11.3.1 Monitoring Transition Metal Ions in Oxide Catalysts during Gas-Phase Reactions -- 11.3.2 Radical-Induced Membrane Damage in Fuel Cells -- 11.4 Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- 12: Application of Ambient-Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy for the In-situ Investigation of Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactions -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Historical Perspective and Technical Advances -- 12.2.1 Initial AP-XPS Instrument Designs -- 12.2.2 Modern Synchrotron-Based AP-XPS -- 12.3 Using AP-XPS to Study Molecular Adsorption on Single Crystal Substrates -- 12.3.1 General Considerations -- 12.3.2 Surface Crystallographic Dependence for Water Adsorption on Cu Surfaces -- 12.3.3 CO-Induced Restructuring of Stepped Pt Surfaces -- 12.4 Using AP-XPS to Study Adsorption onto Well-Defined Nanoparticles -- 12.4.1 General Considerations -- 12.4.2 Surface Chemistry of RhPd Nanooparticles in the Presence of NO, CO, and O2 -- 12.5 Using AP-XPS to Study Metal-Catalyzed Nanotube Growth -- 12.5.1 General Considerations -- 12.5.2 Effects of Nanoparticle-Support Interactions on CNT Growth. , 12.5.3 Using AP-XPS to Investigate the Growth of Carbon Nanotubes on Insulating and Conducting Substrates.

Note: Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface to the First Edition -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Chapter 1 Reflections on the origins of the human brain -- Introduction -- Universality, diversity, complexity -- Genes and the newborn brain -- Development of the body plan -- Phylogenetic ancestors of the human brain -- "Phylogenetically old" genes and neuropediatric disorders -- Individual variability of the human brain and the activity-dependent epigenesis of neuronal networks -- The concept of synaptic epigenesis -- Programmed neuronal cell death and synaptic pruning -- Trophic factors and synaptic epigenesis -- A plausible mechanism for schizophrenia -- Synaptic epigenesis and the origins of culture -- Representations, reward, and consciousness in the infant brain -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Section 1 Making of the brain -- Chapter 2 The molecular basis of central nervous system development -- Introduction -- Morphology of the developing CNS -- Patterning of the early CNS -- The dorsoventral axis -- Molecular programs controlling differentiation of CNS stem cells -- Chromatin modifications in CNS development and disorders -- Recapitulation of CNS development in stem cells cultured in vitro -- Conclusions -- References -- Bibliography -- Chapter 3 Holoprosencephaly and microcephaly vera: perturbations of proliferation -- Synopsis of early central nervous system development -- Holoprosencephaly -- Molecular genetic and morphological analyses of HPE and microcephaly vera -- HPE and microcephaly vera: disorders primarily of proliferative mechanisms -- HPE and microcephaly vera: integration of specification and neuron production -- The proliferative epithelium -- Parameters of proliferation -- A proliferative model: consequences of perturbation -- Specification: gradient models. , Architecture of the cell cycle -- Go-no-go and specification -- Notch 1 -- P27Kip1 -- Notch-p27Kip1 opposition -- Where we are now and beyond -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Bibliography -- Chapter 4 Neuronal migration -- Introduction -- Migration pathways and radial glia -- Molecular control of neuronal migration -- Cytoskeleton and nucleokinesis -- Initiation of neuronal movement -- Nucleokinesis -- Signaling molecules -- The Reelin pathway -- Other pathways -- Glycosylation and stop signals -- Peroxisomes and liver-derived factors -- Lissencephalies: classification -- Classic lissencephalies (type I lissencephalies) -- LIS1 mutations (isolated lissencephaly and Miller-Dieker syndrome) -- DCX mutations -- TUBA3 mutations -- ARX mutations -- Lissencephaly with cerebellar hypoplasia -- Microlissencephaly -- Syndromic lissencephaly -- Cobblestone lissencephalies (type II lissencephalies) -- Walker-Warburg syndrome -- Fukuyama syndrome and muscle-eye-brain disease -- Other cobblestone lissencephalies -- Type III lissencephaly -- X-linked periventricular heterotopia -- Zellweger syndrome -- Environmental effects on neuronal migration -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 5 The neonatal synaptic big bang -- Introduction -- Making one synapse -- Making billions of synapses -- Kinetics of synaptogenesis -- The precocious life of synapses -- Phase 1 -- Phase 2 -- Phase 3: The synaptic "big bang" in the newborn brain -- The synaptic catastrophe at puberty -- Phase 5: Discrete synaptogenesis in adult life -- Robustness and sensitivity of the early phases of synaptogenesis -- Effects of genes and environment: an enduring story of synaptic plasticity -- Critical periods in synaptogenesis -- Mechanisms opening the critical periods -- Mechanisms closing the critical periods -- Evolution of synaptogenesis and the critical periods. , Evolution of synaptogenesis -- Epigenetic manipulations of synaptic circuits -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6 Neurotrophic factors in brain development -- Neurotrophic factors are target-derived survival factors -- The neurotrophins -- Structure -- Receptors and signaling -- Neurotrophin and neurotrophin receptor expression -- Neurotrophins as survival factors in the CNS -- Neurotrophins affect neuronal differentiation and proliferation -- Neurotrophins affect cell migration -- Neurotrophins affect neurite outgrowth in the CNS -- Neurotrophins affect synaptic plasticity -- BDNF in adult life and in mental illness -- Conclusions -- References -- Bibliography -- Chapter 7 Neurotransmitters and neuromodulators -- Introduction -- Ontogeny of neurotransmitter systems -- The catecholamines -- Norepinephrine -- Dopamine -- Epinephrine -- Serotonin -- Acetylcholine -- Amino acid transmitters -- Glutamate and aspartate -- gamma-Aminobutyric acid -- Glycine -- Neuropeptides -- Opioids -- Substance P and other tachykinins -- NPY-related peptides -- Galanin -- Purines -- ATP -- Adenosine -- Perinatal transition -- Before birth -- Birth -- Prenatal and perinatal programming -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Bibliography -- Chapter 8 Glial cell biology -- Neuronal-glial interaction in nutrition and amino-acid-mediated neurotransmission -- Nutrition -- Amino acid transmission -- Developmental aspects of glial cell biochemistry -- Enzymes -- Glutamate transporters -- GABA transporters -- Concluding remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Section 2 Sensory systems and behavior -- Chapter 9 Development of the somatosensory system -- Introduction -- Somatosensory receptors and pathways -- Development of cutaneous receptors and their afferent fibers -- Structural development -- Functional development. , Development of muscle afferents and their fibers -- Structural development -- Functional development -- Development of ascending pathways from the spinal cord to the brain -- Development of descending control systems -- Emergence of functional systems in utero -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 10 Principles of endogenous and sensory activity-dependent brain development: the visual system -- Activityependent remodeling of early neural connections -- The developing visual pathway as a model system -- Anatomy of the system -- General principles of activity-dependent development -- Critical periods for competition -- Neuronal activity: spontaneous and sensory driven -- Requirement for spontaneously generated activity -- Patterns of spontaneous activity -- Role of patterned spontaneous activity in visual system development -- Requirement for sensoryriven activity -- Mechanisms of activity-dependent competition -- Physiological and structural synaptic changes -- Molecular basis of synaptic refinement -- Coincidence detection -- Retrograde signals: old and new candidates -- Concluding remarks -- References -- Bibliography -- Chapter 11 Fetal and neonatal development of the auditory system -- Introduction: traditional and modern biological approaches to the development of the ear -- The inner ear -- The outer ear -- The middle ear -- Gene expression and neurotrophic factors in the embryonic development of the ear -- Eighth nerve and brainstem auditory neuronal development -- Magnetic resonance imaging of the developing auditory system -- Neonatal hearing -- Assessment of hearing in the neonate -- Conclusion of the JCIH -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 12 Newborn behavior and perception -- Introduction -- Orienting -- Instrumental conditioning -- Electrophysiological responses -- Meeting mother -- Vision, faces, and social interaction. , The brain basis of newborn visual preferences -- Discovering language -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Section 3 Radiological and neurophysiological investigations -- Chapter 13 Imaging the neonatal brain -- Introduction -- Practical issues -- Sedation -- Safety -- Hardware and software adaptations -- Advanced imaging techniques -- Volumetric analysis: segmentation and morphometry techniques -- MR imaging as a surrogate marker for outcome -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 14 Electroencephalography and amplitude-integrated EEG -- Introduction -- Interpretation of EEG -- Normal maturation of the EEG -- EEG background patterns and conceptional age -- Maturation of the EEG -- EEG and sleep-wake states -- Amplitudentegrated EEG -- EEG and perinatal brain injury -- Seizures -- Effects of medications on the EEG/aEEG -- Prediction of outcome -- EEG and hypoxic-ischemic insults -- Perinatal asphyxia -- Perinatal stroke -- Hypoxic-ischemic insults due to causes other than perinatal asphyxia -- White matter damage -- EEG and hemorrhagic lesions -- Birth trauma and vascular anomalies -- Germinal matrix and intraventricular hemorrhages -- EEG and infectious diseases -- EEG and metabolic diseases -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 15 Emergence of spontaneous and evoked electroencephalographic activity in the human brain -- Introduction -- The information content of the neonatal electroencephalogram depends on the progress of basic neurobiology -- Endogenous versus evoked activity -- Structural milestones in the ontogeny of the human cortex -- Functional milestones in the ontogeny of the human EEG -- The preterm EEG consists of discrete events -- Sensory-riggered/evoked events -- Interactions between spontaneous and evoked events -- The neonatal intensive care unit as a developmental environment. , Clinical implications/conclusions.

Note: Cover.