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  • 2010-2014  (3)
  • 1
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    Reference points based on dynamic optimization: a versatile algorithm for mixed-fishery management with bioeconomic age-structured models (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-10
    Description: Da Rocha, J-M., Gutiérrez, M-J., and Cerviño, S. 2012. Reference points based on dynamic optimization: a versatile algorithm for mixed-fishery management with bioeconomic age-structured models. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 660–669. Single-species management objectives may not be consistent within mixed fisheries. They may lead species to unsafe situations, promote discarding of over-quota, and/or misreporting of catches. We provide an algorithm for characterizing bioeconomic reference points for a mixed fishery as the steady-state solution of a dynamic optimal management problem. The optimization problem takes into account that: (i) species are caught simultaneously in unselective fishing operations, and (ii) intertemporal discounting and fleet costs relate to reference points to discounted economic profits along optimal trajectories. We illustrate how the algorithm can be implemented by applying it to the European northern hake stock ( Merluccius merluccius ), where fleets also capture northern megrim ( Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis ) and northern anglerfish ( Lophius piscatorius and Lophius budegassa ). We find that optimal mixed management leads to a target reference point that is quite similar to two-thirds of the F msy single-species (hake) target. Mixed management is superior to single-species management because it leads the fishery to higher discounted profits, with higher long-term spawning-stock biomass for all species. We calculate that the losses due to the use of the F msy single-species (hake) target in this mixed fishery account for 11.4% of total discounted profits.
    Print ISSN: 1054-3139
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9289
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    Lessons from the long-term management plan for northern hake: could the economic assessment have accepted it? (2011)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2011-11-24
    Description: Da Rocha, J-M., and Gutiérrez, M-J. 2011. Lessons from the long-term management plan for northern hake: could the economic assessment have accepted it? – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1937–1941. An economic working group was convened by the EU's Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries (STECF) in 2007 to evaluate the potential economic consequences of the long-term management plan for the northern hake ( Merluccius merluccius ) stock. An analysis of all the scenarios proposed by the biological assessment using the Economic Interpretation of ACFM Advice (EIAA) model showed that F at the status quo level was the best policy for both yield and profits, in terms of net present values. This result is counter-intuitive because it seems to suggest that effort costs do not influence economic indicators, whereas it is widely accepted that including costs negatively affects economic indicators. A dynamic age-structured model is applied to northern hake and shows that the optimal fishing mortality that maximizes the net present value of profits is 〈 F max . The reason why the EIAA analysis was biased towards scenarios with F 〉 F max is also shown.
    Print ISSN: 1054-3139
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9289
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Efficacy and Safety of ETC-1002, a Novel Investigational Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol-Lowering Therapy for the Treatment of Patients With Hypercholesterolemia and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [Clinical and Population Studies] (2014)
    American Heart Association (AHA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-20
    Description: Objective— 8-Hydroxy-2,2,14,14-tetramethylpentadecanedioic acid (ETC-1002) is a small molecule with a unique mechanism of action shown in nonclinical studies to modulate pathways of cholesterol, fatty acid, and carbohydrate metabolism. In previous phase 2 clinical trials, once daily oral treatment with ETC-1002 significantly reduced low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in patients with hypercholesterolemia. In this trial, the lipid-lowering efficacy of ETC-1002 was evaluated in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia. Additional cardiometabolic biomarkers, including glycemic measures, were also assessed. Approach and Results— A single-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated 60 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and elevated low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. Patients discontinued all diabetes mellitus and lipid-regulating drugs and were randomized to receive ETC-1002 80 mg QD for 2 weeks followed by 120 mg QD for 2 weeks or placebo for 4 weeks. ETC-1002 lowered low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels by 43±2.6% (least squares mean±SE), compared with a reduction of 4±2.5% by placebo at day 29 ( P 〈0.0001; primary end point). Non–high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and total cholesterol were also significantly lowered by ETC-1002 compared with placebo ( P 〈0.0001). High-sensitivity C-reactive protein was reduced by 41% (median) compared with a placebo reduction of 11% ( P =0.0011). No clinically meaningful safety findings were observed. Conclusions— ETC-1002 lowered low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and other lipids and demonstrated improvement in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia without worsening glycemic control. ETC-1002 was well tolerated in this population. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT# 01607294.
    Keywords: Type 2 diabetes, Lipid and lipoprotein metabolism
    Print ISSN: 1079-5642
    Electronic ISSN: 1524-4636
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by American Heart Association (AHA)
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