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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2020-12-23
    Description: Earthquakes have been the cause of the deadliest natural disasters over the past century, with the first decade of the 21st century as one of the most devastating periods. Due to the high number of factors that contribute to earthquake occurrence, their prediction is extremely difficult. At the moment, large efforts are being lavished by the international community in scientific and economic terms, in studies for the probabilistic short-term and long-term earthquake forecasting and for simulation aspects of the generation process in order to reduce the risk and to mitigate the damage and its impact. The project aims at the implementation of innovative prevention approaches to consistently link prevention measures to preparedness and response needs. To support the decisionmaking, several projects have already been developed, like seismic scenario simulators, vulnerability assessment of buildings, non-structural components, critical assets, lifeline (critical) infrastructures, and others. Despite these many efforts, neither functional interdependencies (propagation effects) nor intervention strategies or priorities have been incorporated as final tools in the support of decisions for riskreduction policies. In this project, tools that are specifically devoted to the identification of priorities have been delivered. First, a new concept of global disruption measures is introduced, with the objective to provide a systematic way to measure earthquake impact in urban areas. Then, a framework is provided where urbanized areas are seen as a complex network where nodal points have roles as sources and sinks, interacting together in an interdependent fashion. Here, each player (urban functions and physical assets) has its unique dependencies and interaction behavior. These properties are then used to identify which nodes are likely to introduce major disruption in the whole urban system, and also which one of them suggests greater risk reduction if intervention takes place.
    Description: Co-financed by the EU - Civil Protection Financial Instrument - GRANT AGREEMENT n. 230301/2011/613486/SUB/A5
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Description: open
    Keywords: Seismic impact ; Disruption index ; Urban system ; Risk measures ; Seismic hazard ; Disaster prevention ; Education ; Information strategies ; Information strategies ; UPStrat-MAFA European project ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Fracture Reactivation and Magma Intrusion: The Case of the 1989 Fissure System at Mt Etna, Italy FALSAPERLA Susanna1, Fabrizio CARA2, Antonio ROVELLI2, Marco NERI1, Boris BEHNCKE1, Valerio ACOCELLA3 1 Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Catania, Piazza Roma 2, 95123, Catania, Italy 2 Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Roma1, Via di Vigna Murata 605, 00143 Roma, Italy 3 Dipartimento Scienze Geologiche Roma Tre. L. S.L. Murialdo 1, 00146 Roma, Italy We focus on the role of a dry (without lava emission) fracture system, consisting of extension fractures and normal faults, which opened at Mt Etna, Italy, during the 1989 flank eruption. The NNW-SSE fracture system is located on the mid-upper SE flank of the volcano, and has experienced significant seismic activity during the past two decades. By using excellent documented records of seismic and volcanic activity on 24 November 2006 (the latter encompassing Strombolian activity, lava fountaining, ash fallout, pyroclastic flows, and lava emission from multiple vents at the Southeast Crater), we analyze the interaction between seismic radiation and the afore-mentioned fracture system. Our results highlight the importance of this system in controlling the polarization properties of seismic waves 17 years after its formation. In addition, the SE end of the 1989 fracture zone extends into several active faults, suggesting that they represent a single long structure, which plays an important role in the volcano-tectonic dynamics of Etna. Finally, this study shows how fracture reactivation can also occur by means of magma intrusion, strongly controlling the transfer of magma within a volcanic edifice.
    Description: Published
    Description: Besse, Clermont-Ferrand, France
    Description: open
    Keywords: Magma Intrusion ; Volcanic tremor ; Mt. Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Oral presentation
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Geochemical analyses of volcanic products erupted by Mt. Etna, Italy, have been carried out by INGV-CT (formerly CNR-IIV) staff since three decades. The need to realize a near-real time monitoring of the basic compositional features of a magma compelled since the 1990s an organization of personnel engaged for sampling and analyzing the collected rocks in laboratories. Geochemical monitoring has been outstandingly improved with the application of sophisticated, but quick, analytical techniques which take into account both oxides as well as trace elements of lavas. The geochemical monitoring offers up-to-date information on processes and dynamics of magma, and allows documenting the evolution of different eruptive styles throughout an eruptive event. Accordingly, changes in chemical parameters have become a key information for the Italian Civil Defence to highlight any hazardous evolution of volcanic activity at Etna, and promptly warn potential endangered populations. Compared to traditional classification methods, where compositional patterns are defined by selecting oxides and/or elements in binary and ternary petrologic systems, we can handle a statistics with many components, in our specific case thirteen (SiO2, K2O, CaO/ Al2O3, Mg, Th, La, Nb, Nd, Sr, Tb, Cr, Ni, Rb/Nb). The statistical treatment of geochemical patterns exploits Kohonen Maps and Fuzzy Clustering, which are applied to samples collected at Etna between 1995 and 2005. We present a comprehensive picture of the evolution of these products in time and space with a convenient visualization of the results. The application of multivariate classification allows us to identify a signature in the compositional characteristics of magma erupted from the four summit craters and/or flank eruptive vents, even in the time spans in which volcanic activity was concurrent. Dubious compositional changes are also considered in the light of earthquakes and volcanic tremor characteristics, which offer independent evidence of the significance of the results.
    Description: Published
    Description: Puerto de la Cruz,Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: open
    Keywords: Volcanic Products ; Mt. Etna ; Geochemical pattern classification ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We merge volcanological, structural, and volcanic tremor data to shed light on a fissure system opened on the upper SE flank of Mt. Etna, Italy, in 1989. The system propagates to about 6 km from the Southeast Crater (SEC), and although it is formed by dry (non-eruptive) NNW-SSE fissures, it was active throughout several eruptive episodes after 1989, such as in 1991-1993 and (at least in part) in 2001, 2004-2005, and 2006. Particularly, we focus our attention on a paroxysmal eruptive episode on 24 November 2006, which encompassed different eruptive styles, such as lava fountaining and effusion, and violent Strombolian explosions, involving several eruptive vents on and near the SEC. This event was documented by detailed field and aerial surveys and remote video cameras. The characteristics of the seismic radiation are analyzed considering: frequency content, wavefield properties, and centroid location of the volcanic tremor source. The synoptic analysis of volcanic phenomena and volcanic tremor data document that: i) an aborted intrusion of magma rose to ~2000 m above sea level in the late evening of 24 November, along the NNW-SSE direction from below the SEC towards the 1989 fracture system, ii) the fissures opened in 1989 strongly affected, approximately 17 years after their formation, the modality of propagation of the seismic energy radiation within the upper volcanic edifice. Besides the role played by the 1989 system on the properties of seismic radiation in 2006, the present study allows to postulate probable links between contiguous fault systems in the upper SE flank of Mt. Etna. Based on the structural framework on a volcano-wide scale, our results do indeed sketch out a hitherto unknown continuity of some faults affecting the southeastern flank, which might also shed some light onto the complex phenomenon of flank instability in the eastern sector of the volcano.
    Description: Published
    Description: Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
    Description: open
    Keywords: Fracture Reactivation ; Volcanological data ; Structural data ; Seismic data ; Mt. Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Oral presentation
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Science outreach is traditionally committed to individual scientists, who communicate to the public to promote awareness of science. Becoming increasingly important to bring science to a wide audience, the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, shortly after its foundation in 2001, has organized a team of part-time outreach scientists aimed at promoting science education, with particular emphasis to volcanic and seismic hazard. We present here an overview of the science outreach activities developed by our Institute, which have schools and public as their target groups. There are several venues of these activities: the headquarters of INGV in Rome and its many departments in Italy, from Milan to Catania. The Neapolitan region, with Vesuvius and the Phlegrean fields, and Sicily, with Stromboli, Vulcano, and Etna volcanoes, are the subject of several initiatives of scientific dissemination we organize, sometimes with the contribution of local authorities and Civil Defense, to explain how volcanoes work. Aim of these initiatives is to convey public understanding of the many-facet risks of Italian volcanoes, from paroxysmal eruptive activity to the menace of lava flows and ash fallout to infrastructures and inhabited areas, to landslides and tsunamis. Our activities also encompass a wide variety of formats, such as the opening of our labs to guided visits, contributing to national (e.g., the Italian “Week of the Scientific Culture”, launched by the Ministry of Education and Research) and international (e.g., the European “Night of the Researchers”) events, editing educational videos, creating multimedia tools also available on web. In museums and academies, and in concomitance of expositions and science festivals, we also organize exhibitions with experiments, models and exhibits designed to teaching and learning geophysics. Finally, we offer guided visits to the control rooms run by our institute, which ensures the round-the-clock volcanic and seismic surveillance of the whole Italian territory.
    Description: Published
    Description: Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
    Description: 5.9. Formazione e informazione
    Description: open
    Keywords: Earth Science Outreach ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Oral presentation
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: During the last two decades Mt. Etna experienced many summit and flank eruptions with different styles of activity, ranging from quiet lava effusion to explosive activity consisting of Strombolian explosions and/or spectacular fire fountains. This complex picture entails the presence of a complex plumbing system where magma dynamics strongly controls both the eruptive style and magma differentiation. All these eruptive events have furnished volcanic products on which systematic petrographic and geochemical analyses have been carried out since the mid 1990s. In particular, the content of major and trace elements of lavas is a key-point to characterize the composition of a magma emitted during an eruption. Petrologic investigations are traditionally based on the interpretation of compositional patterns described by selected oxides and/or elements in binary and ternary petrologic systems. This kind of analysis provides useful information about the magmatic processes occurring in the plumbing system. In this presentation we investigate whether the quality of petrologic investigations is improved by the application of more sophisticated analytical techniques based on the use of a relatively large number of parameters. To this purpose, we selected 13 components, i.e., SiO2, K2O, CaO/Al2O3, Mg#, Th, La, Nb, Nd, Sr, Tb, Cr, Ni and Rb/Nb. This choice brings along the problem of designing a suitable statistics and a convenient visualization of the results. As a way out, we propose advanced concepts of multivariate classification based on a synopsis of Kohonen Maps and Fuzzy Clustering, and apply them to the study of volcanics erupted from Mt. Etna between 1995 and 2005. Lavas erupted during the fire fountains (in 2000) and during the flank eruptions (2001, 2002-03) represent the most primitive products erupted from Mt. Etna in the investigated period. The literature data suggest that during the 2001 and 2002-03 eruptions two magmas with different geochemical characteristics were contemporaneously erupted. One magma type ascended from a deep portion of the plumbing system (〉 5 km), and was emitted from the so called “Lower” (2001) and “Southern” vents (2002-03). Another one rose from a shallower reservoir (〈5 km) and was erupted from the so called “Upper” (in 2001) and “Northern” vents (in 2002-03). In our analysis the “Lower” and “Southern” vent lavas are assigned to the same cluster ID and are grouped together also in the Kohonen Map. On the other hand, “Upper” vent lavas and “Northern “ vent lavas are clearly distinguished from each other as well as from the afore mentioned products. Volcanics emitted by the South-East crater during the fire fountains in 2000 belong to the same fuzzy cluster as the “Lower” and “Southern” vent lavas, however, a neat distinction with respect to 2001 and 2002-03 lavas becomes evident in the Kohonen Map. Besides this we observe differences in the seismic signal characteristics between the fire fountain events and flank eruptions, supporting the hypothesis that various eruptive sources were active on Mt Etna in 2000, 2001 and 2002-03. The relation of the products to eruptive sources is less clear in the time span between 1995 and 1999, when essentially only the summit craters were active.
    Description: Published
    Description: Vienna, Austria
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: open
    Keywords: Patterns Classification ; volcanic products ; Mt. Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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