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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Stick tight: suction adhesion on irregular surfaces in the northern clingfish
    The Royal Society ; 2013
    In:  Biology Letters Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2013-06-23), p. 20130234-
    Details
    In: Biology Letters, The Royal Society, Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2013-06-23), p. 20130234-
    Abstract: The northern clingfish, Gobiesox maeandricus , is able to adhere to slippery, fouled and irregular surfaces in the marine intertidal environment. We have found that the fish can adhere equally well to surfaces with a broad range of surface roughness, from the finest sandpaper ( R a = 15 µm) to textures suitable for removing finish from flooring ( R a = 269 µm). The fishes outperform man-made suction cups, which only adhere to the smoothest surfaces. The adhesive forces of clingfish correspond to pressures 0.2–0.5 atm below ambient and are 80–230 times the body weight of the fish. The tenacity appears related to hierarchically structured microvilli around the edges of the adhesive disc that are similar in size and aspect ratio to the setae found on the feet of geckoes, spiders and insects. This points to a possible biomimetic solution to the problem of reversibly adhering to irregular, submerged surfaces.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1744-9561 , 1744-957X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2013.0234
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2103283-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Two intromittent organs in Zorotypus caudelli (Insecta, Zoraptera): the paradoxical coexistence of an extremely long tube and a large spermatophore : Two intromittent organs in Zoraptera
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2014
    In:  Biological Journal of the Linnean Society Vol. 112, No. 1 ( 2014-05), p. 40-54
    Details
    In: Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 112, No. 1 ( 2014-05), p. 40-54
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0024-4066
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/bij.12260
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461865-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 220623-7
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  • 3
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    Is solid always best? Cranial performance in solid and fenestrated caecilian skulls
    The Company of Biologists ; 2012
    In:  Journal of Experimental Biology Vol. 215, No. 5 ( 2012-03-01), p. 833-844
    Details
    In: Journal of Experimental Biology, The Company of Biologists, Vol. 215, No. 5 ( 2012-03-01), p. 833-844
    Abstract: Caecilians (Lissamphibia: Gymnophiona) are characterized by a fossorial lifestyle that appears to play a role in the many anatomical specializations in the group. The skull, in particular, has been the focus of previous studies because it is driven into the substrate for burrowing. There are two different types of skulls in caecilians: (1) stegokrotaphic, where the squamosal completely covers the temporal region and the jaw closing muscles, and (2) zygokrotaphic, with incomplete coverage of the temporal region by the squamosal. We used 3-D imaging and modeling techniques to explore the functional consequences of these skull types in an evolutionary context. We digitally converted stegokrotaphic skulls into zygokrotaphic skulls and vice versa. We also generated a third, akinetic skull type that was presumably present in extinct caecilian ancestors. We explored the benefits and costs of the different skull types under frontal loading at different head angles with finite element analysis (FEA). Surprisingly, the differences in stress distributions and bending between the three tested skull types were minimal and not significant. This suggests that the open temporal region in zygokrotaphic skulls does not lead to poorer performance during burrowing. However, the results of the FEA suggest a strong relationship between the head angle and skull performance, implying there is an optimal head angle during burrowing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1477-9145 , 0022-0949
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1242/jeb.065979
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Company of Biologists
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482461-9
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  • 4
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    Tongue adhesion in the horned frog Ceratophrys sp.
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2014
    In:  Scientific Reports Vol. 4, No. 1 ( 2014-06-12)
    Details
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 4, No. 1 ( 2014-06-12)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/srep05225
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2615211-3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
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    Structure and mechanical properties of Octopus vulgaris suckers
    The Royal Society ; 2014
    In:  Journal of The Royal Society Interface Vol. 11, No. 91 ( 2014-02-06), p. 20130816-
    Details
    In: Journal of The Royal Society Interface, The Royal Society, Vol. 11, No. 91 ( 2014-02-06), p. 20130816-
    Abstract: In this study, we investigate the morphology and mechanical features of Octopus vulgaris suckers, which may serve as a model for the creation of a new generation of attachment devices. Octopus suckers attach to a wide range of substrates in wet conditions, including rough surfaces. This amazing feature is made possible by the sucker's tissues, which are pliable to the substrate profile. Previous studies have described a peculiar internal structure that plays a fundamental role in the attachment and detachment processes of the sucker. In this work, we present a mechanical characterization of the tissues involved in the attachment process, which was performed using microindentation tests. We evaluated the elasticity modulus and viscoelastic parameters of the natural tissues ( E ∼ 10 kPa) and measured the mechanical properties of some artificial materials that have previously been used in soft robotics. Such a comparison of biological prototypes and artificial material that mimics octopus-sucker tissue is crucial for the design of innovative artificial suction cups for use in wet environments. We conclude that the properties of the common elastomers that are generally used in soft robotics are quite dissimilar to the properties of biological suckers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1742-5689 , 1742-5662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2013.0816
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2156283-0
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    The filter pads and filtration mechanisms of the devil rays: Variation at macro and microscopic scales
    Wiley ; 2013
    In:  Journal of Morphology Vol. 274, No. 9 ( 2013-09), p. 1026-1043
    Details
    In: Journal of Morphology, Wiley, Vol. 274, No. 9 ( 2013-09), p. 1026-1043
    Abstract: Three lineages of cartilaginous fishes have independently evolved filter feeding (Lamniformes: Megachasma and Cetorhinus , Orectolobiformes: Rhincodon , and Mobulidae: Manta and Mobula ); and the structure of the branchial filters is different in each group. The filter in Rhincodon typus has been described; species within the Lamniformes have simple filamentous filters, but the anatomy and ultrastructure of the branchial filter in the mobulid rays varies and is of functional interest. In most fishes, branchial gill rakers are elongated structures located along the anterior ceratobranchial and/or epibranchial arches; however, mobulid gill rakers are highly modified, flattened, lobe‐like structures located on the anterior and posterior epibranchial elements as well as the ceratobranchials. The ultrastructure of the filter lobes can be smooth or covered by a layer of microcilia, and some are denticulated along the dorsal and ventral lobe surface. Flow through the mobulid oropharyngeal cavity differs from other filter‐feeding fishes in that water must rapidly deviate from the free stream direction. There is an abrupt 90° turn from the initial inflowing path to move through the laterally directed branchial filter pores, over the gill tissue, and out the ventrally located gill slits. The deviation in the flow must result in tangential shearing stress across the filter surface. This implies that mobulids can use cross‐flow filtration in which this shearing force serves as a mechanism to resuspend food particles initially caught by sieving or another capture mode. These particles will be transported by the cross filter flow toward the esophagus. We propose that species with cilia on the rakers augment the shear mediated movement of particles along the filter with ciliary transport. J. Morphol. 274:1026–1043, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0362-2525 , 1097-4687
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/jmor.v274.9
    DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20160
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1479991-1
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  • 7
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    The female cloaca of an oviparous caecilian amphibian (Gymnophiona): functional and seasonal aspects : The female cloaca of an oviparous caecilian amphibian
    Wiley ; 2012
    In:  Acta Zoologica Vol. 93, No. 2 ( 2012-04), p. 208-221
    Details
    In: Acta Zoologica, Wiley, Vol. 93, No. 2 ( 2012-04), p. 208-221
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-7272
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6395.2010.00499.x
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019873-5
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  • 8
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    Anatomy, function, and evolution of jaw and hyobranchial muscles in cryptobranchoid salamander larvae
    Wiley ; 2014
    In:  Journal of Morphology Vol. 275, No. 2 ( 2014-02), p. 230-246
    Details
    In: Journal of Morphology, Wiley, Vol. 275, No. 2 ( 2014-02), p. 230-246
    Abstract: Larval salamanders (Lissamphibia: Caudata) are known to be effective suction feeders in their aquatic environments, although they will eventually transform into terrestrial tongue feeding adults during metamorphosis. Early tetrapods may have had a similar biphasic life cycle and this makes larval salamanders a particularly interesting model to study the anatomy, function, development, and evolution of the feeding apparatus in terrestrial vertebrates. Here, we provide a description of the muscles that are involved in the feeding strike in salamander larvae of the Hynobiidae and compare them to larvae of the paedomorphic Cryptobranchidae. We provide a functional and evolutionary interpretation for the observed muscle characters. The cranial muscles in larvae from species of the Hynobiidae and Cryptobranchidae are generally very similar. Most notable are the differences in the presence of the m. hyomandibularis, a muscle that connects the hyobranchial apparatus with the lower jaw. We found this muscle only in Onychodactylus japonicus (Hynobiidae) but not in other hynobiid or cryptobranchid salamanders. Interestingly, the m. hyomandibularis in O. japonicus originates from the ceratobranchial I and not the ceratohyal, and thus exhibits what was previously assumed to be the derived condition. Finally, we applied a biomechanical model to simulate suction feeding in larval salamanders. We provide evidence that a flattened shape of the hyobranchial apparatus in its resting position is beneficial for a fast and successful suction feeding strike. J. Morphol. 275:230–246, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0362-2525 , 1097-4687
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/jmor.v275.2
    DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20211
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1479991-1
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  • 9
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    The hyal and ventral branchial muscles in caecilian and salamander larvae: Homologies and evolution
    Wiley ; 2011
    In:  Journal of Morphology Vol. 272, No. 5 ( 2011-05), p. 598-613
    Details
    In: Journal of Morphology, Wiley, Vol. 272, No. 5 ( 2011-05), p. 598-613
    Abstract: Amphibians (Lissamphibia) are characterized by a bi‐phasic life‐cycle that comprises an aquatic larval stage and metamorphosis to the adult. The ancestral aquatic feeding behavior of amphibian larvae is suction feeding. The negative pressure that is needed for ingestion of prey is created by depression of the hyobranchial apparatus as a result of hyobranchial muscle action. Understanding the homologies of hyobranchial muscles in amphibian larvae is a crucial step in understanding the evolution of this important character complex. However, the literature mostly focuses on the adult musculature and terms used for hyal and ventral branchial muscles in different amphibians often do not reflect homologies across lissamphibian orders. Here we describe the hyal and ventral branchial musculature in larvae of caecilians (Gymnophiona) and salamanders (Caudata), including juveniles of two permanently aquatic salamander species. Based on previous alternative terminology schemes, we propose a terminology for the hyal and ventral branchial muscles that reflects the homologies of muscles and that is suited for studies on hyobranchial muscle evolution in amphibians. We present a discussion of the hyal and ventral branchial muscles in larvae of the most recent common ancestor of amphibians (i.e. the ground plan of Lissamphibia). Based on our terminology, the hyal and ventral branchial musculature of caecilians and salamanders comprises the following muscles: m. depressor mandibulae, m. depressor mandibulae posterior, m. hyomandibularis, m. branchiohyoideus externus, m. interhyoideus, m. interhyoideus posterior, m. subarcualis rectus I, m. subarcualis obliquus II, m. subarcualis obliquus III, m. subarcualis rectus II‐IV, and m. transversus ventralis IV. Except for the m. branchiohyoideus externus, all muscles considered herein can be assigned to the ground plan of the Lissamphibia with certainty. The m. branchiohyoideus externus is either apomorphic for the Batrachia (frogs + salamanders) or salamander larvae depending on whether or not a homologous muscle is present in frog tadpoles. J. Morphol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0362-2525 , 1097-4687
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/jmor.v272.5
    DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10940
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1479991-1
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  • 10
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    Ontogenetic differences in the feeding biomechanics of oviparous and viviparous caecilians (Lissamphibia: Gymnophiona)
    Elsevier BV ; 2010
    In:  Zoology Vol. 113, No. 5 ( 2010-10), p. 283-294
    Details
    In: Zoology, Elsevier BV, Vol. 113, No. 5 ( 2010-10), p. 283-294
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0944-2006
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2010.05.002
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2051297-1
    SSG: 12
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