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  • 2010-2014  (61)
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  • 2010-2014  (61)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Automated Dose-Rounding Recommendations for Pediatric Medications
    American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) ; 2011
    In:  Pediatrics Vol. 128, No. 2 ( 2011-08-01), p. e422-e428
    Details
    In: Pediatrics, American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), Vol. 128, No. 2 ( 2011-08-01), p. e422-e428
    Abstract: Although pediatric electronic prescribing systems are increasingly being used in pediatric care, many of these systems lack the clinical decision-support infrastructure needed to calculate a safe and effective rounded medication dose. This infrastructure is required to facilitate tailoring of established dosing guidance while maintaining the medication's therapeutic intent. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this project was to establish best practices for generating an appropriate medication dose and to create an interoperable rounding knowledge base combining best practices and dose-rounding information. METHODS: We interviewed 19 pediatric health care and pediatric pharmacy experts and conducted a literature review. After using these data to construct initial rounding tolerances, we used a Delphi process to achieve consensus about the rounding tolerance for each commonly prescribed medication. RESULTS: Three categories for medication-rounding philosophy emerged from our literature review: (1) medications for which rounding is used judiciously to retain the intended effect; (2) medications that are rounded with attention to potential unintended effects; and (3) medications that are rarely rounded because of the potential for toxicity. We assigned a small subset of medications to a fourth category—inadequate data—for which there was insufficient information to provide rounding recommendations. For all 102 medications, we were able to arrive at a consensus recommendation for rounding a given calculated dose. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study provide the pediatric information technology community with a primary set of recommended rounding tolerances for commonly prescribed drugs. The interoperable knowledge base developed here can be integrated with existing and developing electronic prescribing systems, potentially improving prescribing safety and reducing cognitive workload.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0031-4005 , 1098-4275
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1542/peds.2011-0760
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477004-0
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Childhood Brain Tumor Epidemiology: A Brain Tumor Epidemiology Consortium Review
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2014
    In:  Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention Vol. 23, No. 12 ( 2014-12-01), p. 2716-2736
    Details
    In: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 23, No. 12 ( 2014-12-01), p. 2716-2736
    Abstract: Childhood brain tumors are the most common pediatric solid tumor and include several histologic subtypes. Although progress has been made in improving survival rates for some subtypes, understanding of risk factors for childhood brain tumors remains limited to a few genetic syndromes and ionizing radiation to the head and neck. In this report, we review descriptive and analytical epidemiology childhood brain tumor studies from the past decade and highlight priority areas for future epidemiology investigations and methodological work that is needed to advance our understanding of childhood brain tumor causes. Specifically, we summarize the results of a review of studies published since 2004 that have analyzed incidence and survival in different international regions and that have examined potential genetic, immune system, developmental and birth characteristics, and environmental risk factors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(12); 2716–36. ©2014 AACR.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1055-9965 , 1538-7755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-14-0207
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036781-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1153420-5
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Decision Tree–Based Modeling of Androgen Pathway Genes and Prostate Cancer Risk
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2011
    In:  Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention Vol. 20, No. 6 ( 2011-06-01), p. 1146-1155
    Details
    In: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 20, No. 6 ( 2011-06-01), p. 1146-1155
    Abstract: Background: Inherited variability in genes that influence androgen metabolism has been associated with risk of prostate cancer. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate interactions for prostate cancer risk by using classification and regression tree (CART) models (i.e., decision trees), and to evaluate whether these interactive effects add information about prostate cancer risk prediction beyond that of “traditional” risk factors. Methods: We compared CART models with traditional logistic regression (LR) models for associations of factors with prostate cancer risk using 1,084 prostate cancer cases and 941 controls. All analyses were stratified by race. We used unconditional LR to complement and compare with the race-stratified CART results using the area under curve (AUC) for the receiver operating characteristic curves. Results: The CART modeling of prostate cancer risk showed different interaction profiles by race. For European Americans, interactions among CYP3A43 genotype, history of benign prostate hypertrophy, family history of prostate cancer, and age at consent revealed a distinct hierarchy of gene–environment and gene–gene interactions, whereas for African Americans, interactions among family history of prostate cancer, individual proportion of European ancestry, number of GGC androgen receptor repeats, and CYP3A4/CYP3A5 haplotype revealed distinct interaction effects from those found in European Americans. For European Americans, the CART model had the highest AUC whereas for African Americans, the LR model with the CART discovered factors had the largest AUC. Conclusion and Impact: These results provide new insight into underlying prostate cancer biology for European Americans and African Americans. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(6); 1146–55. ©2011 AACR.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1055-9965 , 1538-7755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-10-0996
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036781-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1153420-5
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Repeated rhinoscopic and serologic assessment of the effectiveness of intranasally administered clotrimazole for the treatment of nasal aspergillosis in dogs
    American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) ; 2010
    In:  Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association Vol. 236, No. 7 ( 2010-04-01), p. 757-762
    Details
    In: Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), Vol. 236, No. 7 ( 2010-04-01), p. 757-762
    Abstract: Objective —To determine the role of rhinoscopic evaluation and repeated serologic testing in assessing the success rate of intranasally administered clotrimazole for treatment of dogs with nasal aspergillosis. Design —Prospective case series. Animals —23 dogs with nasal aspergillosis. Procedures —Dogs with nasal aspergillosis were treated with an intranasal infusion of 1% clotrimazole solution. Response to treatment was assessed with repeated rhinoscopic evaluation, with histologic examination and fungal culture when available. Results of repeated serologic testing for aspergillosis were monitored throughout the treatment course. Results —11 of the 23 (48%) dogs had no rhinoscopic evidence of disease after the first treatment. Three of 7 dogs were free of disease after the second treatment, and 1 of 3 dogs was free after the third treatment. Presence or absence of nasal discharge and results of repeated serologic testing were not consistent with disease status. Overall, the efficacy of intranasally administered clotrimazole for treatment of nasal aspergillosis could be confirmed in 15 of 17 dogs. Delayed recurrence or reinfection was confirmed in 3 of 15 dogs. When recurrences were taken into account, the success rate was 67% (12/15 dogs). Conclusions and Clinical Relevance —Clinical signs were not predictive of disease state, and follow-up rhinoscopy is recommended to assess response to treatment. The success rate of intranasally administered clotrimazole was similar to rates in previous reports; however, the number of dogs with recurrent disease was relatively high. Monitoring of the results of serologic testing is not recommended for use in determining response to treatment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-1488
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2460/javma.236.7.757
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2904887-4
    SSG: 22
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Abstract 2740: Decision tree-based modeling of androgen pathway genes and prostate cancer risk
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2011
    In:  Cancer Research Vol. 71, No. 8_Supplement ( 2011-04-15), p. 2740-2740
    Details
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 71, No. 8_Supplement ( 2011-04-15), p. 2740-2740
    Abstract: Background: Inherited variability in genes that influence androgen metabolism has been implicated in the etiology of prostate cancer. However, joint effects of these genes have not been fully defined in terms of risk. Objective: The objective of this analysis was to evaluate gene-gene and gene-environment interactions for prostate cancer risk using classification and regression tree (CART) models (i.e. decision trees), and to evaluate whether these interactive effects add information about prostate cancer risk prediction beyond that of “traditional” risk factors. Methods: We compared CART models to traditional logistic regression models for associations of factors with prostate cancer risk using 1084 prostate cancer cases and 941 controls. All analyses were stratified by race. We used unconditional logistic regression (LR) to complement and compare to the race-stratified CART results using the area under curve (AUC) for the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: In European Americans, single SNP or haplotype associations were found with CYP3A5 (OR=2.11 (1.13, 3.97)); increasing number of CAG repeats in the AR gene (OR=0.90 (0.83, 0.98)); and the CYP3A4/CYP3A5 AG haplotype (OR=2.86 (1.15, 7.12)). No significant single SNP or haplotype associations were found in African Americans. The CART modeling of prostate cancer risk showed different interaction profiles by race. For European Americans, interactions among CYP3A43 genotype, history of BPH, family history of prostate cancer and age at consent revealed a distinct hierarchy of gene-environment and gene-gene interactions. While for African Americans, interactions among family history of prostate cancer, individual proportion of European ancestry, number of GGC AR repeats and CYP3A4/CYP3A5 haplotype revealed distinct interaction effects from those found in European Americans. For European Americans the CART model had the highest AUC while for African Americans, the LR model with the CART discovered factors had the largest AUC. Conclusion: These results show novel gene-gene and gene-environment interactions specific for European Americans and African Americans discovered using CART as compared to standard LR techniques. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2740. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2740
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2740
    RVK:
    XA 36000
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036785-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1432-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 410466-3
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Whole-Exome Sequencing Identifies Rare and Low-Frequency Coding Variants Associated with LDL Cholesterol
    Elsevier BV ; 2014
    In:  The American Journal of Human Genetics Vol. 94, No. 2 ( 2014-02), p. 233-245
    Details
    In: The American Journal of Human Genetics, Elsevier BV, Vol. 94, No. 2 ( 2014-02), p. 233-245
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0002-9297
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.01.010
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473813-2
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Grand Rounds
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2011
    In:  Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology Vol. 26, No. 6 ( 2011-09-01), p. 470-567
    Details
    In: Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 26, No. 6 ( 2011-09-01), p. 470-567
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0887-6177 , 1873-5843
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acr056
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2003528-7
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A commonly carried allele of the obesity-related FTO gene is associated with reduced brain volume in the healthy elderly
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2010
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 107, No. 18 ( 2010-05-04), p. 8404-8409
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 107, No. 18 ( 2010-05-04), p. 8404-8409
    Abstract: A recently identified variant within the fat mass and obesity-associated ( FTO ) gene is carried by 46% of Western Europeans and is associated with an ~1.2 kg higher weight, on average, in adults and an ~1 cm greater waist circumference. With 〉 1 billion overweight and 300 million obese persons worldwide, it is crucial to understand the implications of carrying this very common allele for the health of our aging population. FTO is highly expressed in the brain and elevated body mass index (BMI) is associated with brain atrophy, but it is unknown how the obesity-associated risk allele affects human brain structure. We therefore generated 3D maps of regional brain volume differences in 206 healthy elderly subjects scanned with MRI and genotyped as part of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. We found a pattern of systematic brain volume deficits in carriers of the obesity-associated risk allele versus noncarriers. Relative to structure volumes in the mean template, FTO risk allele carriers versus noncarriers had an average brain volume difference of ~8% in the frontal lobes and 12% in the occipital lobes—these regions also showed significant volume deficits in subjects with higher BMI. These brain differences were not attributable to differences in cholesterol levels, hypertension, or the volume of white matter hyperintensities; which were not detectably higher in FTO risk allele carriers versus noncarriers. These brain maps reveal that a commonly carried susceptibility allele for obesity is associated with structural brain atrophy, with implications for the health of the elderly.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0910878107
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Clinical Practice Guideline: The Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Bronchiolitis
    American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) ; 2014
    In:  Pediatrics Vol. 134, No. 5 ( 2014-11-01), p. e1474-e1502
    Details
    In: Pediatrics, American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), Vol. 134, No. 5 ( 2014-11-01), p. e1474-e1502
    Abstract: This guideline is a revision of the clinical practice guideline, “Diagnosis and Management of Bronchiolitis,” published by the American Academy of Pediatrics in 2006. The guideline applies to children from 1 through 23 months of age. Other exclusions are noted. Each key action statement indicates level of evidence, benefit-harm relationship, and level of recommendation. Key action statements are as follows:
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0031-4005 , 1098-4275
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1542/peds.2014-2742
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477004-0
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mineralogy of a Mudstone at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2014
    In:  Science Vol. 343, No. 6169 ( 2014-01-24)
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 343, No. 6169 ( 2014-01-24)
    Abstract: Sedimentary rocks at Yellowknife Bay (Gale crater) on Mars include mudstone sampled by the Curiosity rover. The samples, John Klein and Cumberland, contain detrital basaltic minerals, calcium sulfates, iron oxide or hydroxides, iron sulfides, amorphous material, and trioctahedral smectites. The John Klein smectite has basal spacing of ~10 angstroms, indicating little interlayer hydration. The Cumberland smectite has basal spacing at both ~13.2 and ~10 angstroms. The larger spacing suggests a partially chloritized interlayer or interlayer magnesium or calcium facilitating H 2 O retention. Basaltic minerals in the mudstone are similar to those in nearby eolian deposits. However, the mudstone has far less Fe-forsterite, possibly lost with formation of smectite plus magnetite. Late Noachian/Early Hesperian or younger age indicates that clay mineral formation on Mars extended beyond Noachian time.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.1243480
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 128410-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2060783-0
    SSG: 11
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