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  • 1
    In: The FEBS Journal, Wiley, Vol. 279, No. 20 ( 2012-10), p. 3911-3924
    Abstract: Carotenoid cleavage oxygenases are nonheme iron enzymes that specifically cleave carbon–carbon double bonds of carotenoids. Their apocarotenoid cleavage products serve as important signaling molecules that are involved in various biological processes. A database search revealed the presence of putative carotenoid cleavage oxygenase genes in the genomes of Sphingopyxis   alaskensis   RB 2256 and Plesiocystis   pacifica   SIR ‐1. The four genes sala_1698 , sala_1008 , ppsir1_15490 and ppsir1_17230 were cloned and heterologously expressed in carotenoid‐producing Escherichia   coli   JM 109 strains. Two of the four encoded proteins exhibited carotenoid cleavage activity. S .  alaskensis   RB 2256 carotenoid cleavage oxygenase (Sa CCO ), which is encoded by sala_1698 , was shown to cleave acyclic and monocyclic substrates. Coexpression of sala_1698 in carotenoid‐producing E .  coli   JM 109 strains revealed cleavage activity for lycopene, hydroxylycopene, and dihydroxylycopene. The monocyclic substrate apo‐8′‐carotenal was cleaved in vitro by purified Sa CCO at the 9′/10′ and 11′/12′ double bonds. The second enzyme, P .  pacifica SIR ‐1 carotenoid cleavage oxygenase (Pp CCO ), is encoded by ppsir1_15490 . Pp CCO ‐mediated carotenoid cleavage requires the presence of either hydroxy or keto groups. Pp CCO cleaved zeaxanthin, hydroxylycopene, and dihydroxylycopene, and also the C 50 carotenoids decaprenoxanthin, sarprenoxanthin and sarcinaxanthin, in carotenoid‐producing E .  coli   JM 109 strains. Whole cells of E .  coli   JM 109 overexpressing ppsir1_15490mut , a mutant of ppsir1_15490 with enhanced gene expression, were applied for the conversion of carotenoids. Analysis of the carotenoid cleavage products revealed a single cleavage site at the 13′/14′ double bond for astaxanthin, and two cleavage sites at the 11′/12′ or 13′/14′ double bond for zeaxanthin, nostoxanthin, and canthaxanthin.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1742-464X , 1742-4658
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2172518-4
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2010
    In:  Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology Vol. 162, No. 7 ( 2010-11), p. 2098-2110
    In: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 162, No. 7 ( 2010-11), p. 2098-2110
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0273-2289 , 1559-0291
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2072711-2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2010
    In:  Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 85, No. 6 ( 2010-2), p. 1923-1933
    In: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 85, No. 6 ( 2010-2), p. 1923-1933
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0175-7598 , 1432-0614
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1464336-4
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2013
    In:  Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 97, No. 18 ( 2013-9), p. 8239-8251
    In: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 97, No. 18 ( 2013-9), p. 8239-8251
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0175-7598 , 1432-0614
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1464336-4
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2012
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 78, No. 24 ( 2012-12-15), p. 8531-8539
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 78, No. 24 ( 2012-12-15), p. 8531-8539
    Abstract: In this study, we investigated the metabolism of ethylene glycol in the Pseudomonas putida strains KT2440 and JM37 by employing growth and bioconversion experiments, directed mutagenesis, and proteome analysis. We found that strain JM37 grew rapidly with ethylene glycol as a sole source of carbon and energy, while strain KT2440 did not grow within 2 days of incubation under the same conditions. However, bioconversion experiments revealed metabolism of ethylene glycol by both strains, with the temporal accumulation of glycolic acid and glyoxylic acid for strain KT2440. This accumulation was further increased by targeted mutagenesis. The key enzymes and specific differences between the two strains were identified by comparative proteomics. In P. putida JM37, tartronate semialdehyde synthase (Gcl), malate synthase (GlcB), and isocitrate lyase (AceA) were found to be induced in the presence of ethylene glycol or glyoxylic acid. Under the same conditions, strain KT2440 showed induction of AceA only. Despite this difference, the two strains were found to use similar periplasmic dehydrogenases for the initial oxidation step of ethylene glycol, namely, the two redundant pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)-dependent enzymes PedE and PedH. From these results we constructed a new pathway for the metabolism of ethylene glycol in P. putida . Furthermore, we conclude that Pseudomonas putida might serve as a useful platform from which to establish a whole-cell biocatalyst for the production of glyoxylic acid from ethylene glycol.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
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  • 6
    In: Biocatalysis and Biotransformation, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 31, No. 6 ( 2013-12), p. 335-342
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1024-2422 , 1029-2446
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2043266-5
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2011
    In:  Microbial Cell Factories Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2011-12)
    In: Microbial Cell Factories, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2011-12)
    Abstract: Several vector systems have been developed to express any gene desired to be studied in Bacillus subtilis . Among them, the transcriptionally regulated promoters involved in carbohydrate utilization are a research priority. Expression systems based on Bacillus promoters for xylose, maltose, and mannose utilization, as well as on the heterologous E. coli lactose promoter, have been successfully constructed. The promoter of the mtlAFD operon for utilization of mannitol is another promising candidate for its use in expression vectors. In this study, we investigated the regulation of the mtl genes in order to identify the elements needed to construct a strong mannitol inducible expression system in B. subtilis . Results Regulation of the promoters of mtlAFD operon ( P mtlA ) and mtlR ( P mtlR ) encoding the activator were investigated by fusion to lacZ . Identification of the P mtlA and P mtlR transcription start sites revealed the σ A like promoter structures. Also, the operator of P mtlA was determined by shortening, nucleotide exchange, and alignment of P mtlA and P mtlR operator regions. Deletion of the mannitol-specific PTS genes ( mtlAF ) resulted in P mtlA constitutive expression demonstrating the inhibitory effect of EIICB Mtl and EIIA Mtl on MtlR in the absence of mannitol. Disruption of mtlD made the cells sensitive to mannitol and glucitol. Both P mtlA and P mtlR were influenced by carbon catabolite repression (CCR). However, a CcpA deficient mutant showed only a slight reduction in P mtlR catabolite repression. Similarly, using P groE as a constitutive promoter, putative cre sites of P mtlA and P mtlR slightly reduced the promoter activity in the presence of glucose. In contrast, glucose repression of P mtlA and P mtlR was completely abolished in a Δ ptsG mutant and significantly reduced in a MtlR (H342D) mutant. Conclusions The mtl operon promoter ( P mtlA ) is a strong promoter that reached a maximum of 13,000 Miller units with lacZ as a reporter on low copy plasmids. It is tightly regulated by just one copy of the mtlR gene on the chromosome and subject to CCR. CCR can be switched off by mutations in MtlR and the glucose transporter. These properties and the low costs of the inducers, i.e. mannitol and glucitol, make the promoter ideal for designing regulated expression systems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1475-2859
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2091377-1
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2011
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 77, No. 18 ( 2011-09-15), p. 6419-6425
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 77, No. 18 ( 2011-09-15), p. 6419-6425
    Abstract: A novel technically compliant expression system was developed for heterologous protein production in Bacillus subtilis with the aim of increasing product yields at the same time as decreasing production costs. Standard systems involve the positively regulated manP promoter of the mannose operon, which led to relatively high product yields of 5.3% (5.3 g enhanced green fluorescent protein [eGFP] per 100 g cell dry weight [CDW] ) but required large quantities of mannose to induce the reactions, thus rendering the system's technical application rather expensive. To improve this situation, mutant B. subtilis strains were used: the Δ manA (mannose metabolism) strain TQ281 and the Δ manP (mannose uptake) strain TQ356. The total amount of inducer could be reduced with TQ281, which, however, displayed sensitivity to mannose. An inducer-independent self-induction system was developed with TQ356 to further improve the cost efficiency and product yield of the system, in which glucose prevents induction by carbon catabolite repression. To create optimal self-induction conditions, a glucose-limited process strategy, namely, a fed-batch process, was utilized as follows. The initiation of self-induction at the beginning of the glucose-restricted transition phase between the batch and fed-batch phase of fermentation and its maintenance throughout the glucose-limiting fed-batch phase led to a nearly 3-fold increase of product yield, to 14.6%. The novel B. subtilis self-induction system thus makes a considerable contribution to improving product yield and reducing the costs associated with its technical application.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2010
    In:  Journal of Bacteriology Vol. 192, No. 8 ( 2010-04-15), p. 2128-2139
    In: Journal of Bacteriology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 192, No. 8 ( 2010-04-15), p. 2128-2139
    Abstract: The mannose operon of Bacillus subtilis consists of three genes, manP , manA , and yjdF , which are responsible for the transport and utilization of mannose. Upstream and in the same orientation as the mannose operon a regulatory gene, manR , codes for a transcription activator of the mannose operon, as shown in this study. Both mannose operon transcription and manR transcription are inducible by mannose. The presence of mannose resulted in a 4- to 7-fold increase in expression of lacZ from the manP promoter ( P manP ) and in a 3-fold increase in expression of lacZ from the manR promoter ( P manR ). The transcription start sites of manPA-yjdF and manR were determined to be a single A residue and a single G residue, respectively, preceded by −10 and −35 boxes resembling a vegetative σ A promoter structure. Through deletion analysis the target sequences of ManR upstream of P manP and P manR were identified between bp −80 and −35 with respect to the transcriptional start site of both promoters. Deletion of manP (mannose transporter) resulted in constitutive expression from both the P manP and P manR promoters, indicating that the phosphotransferase system (PTS) component EII Man has a negative effect on regulation of the mannose operon and manR . Moreover, both P manP and P manR are subject to carbon catabolite repression (CCR). By constructing protein sequence alignments a DNA binding motif at the N-terminal end, two PTS regulation domains (PRDs), and an EIIA- and EIIB-like domain were identified in the ManR sequence, indicating that ManR is a PRD-containing transcription activator. Like findings for other PRD regulators, the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)-dependent phosphorylation by the histidine protein HPr via His15 plays an essential role in transcriptional activation of P manP and P manR . Phosphorylation of Ser46 of HPr or of the homologous Crh protein by HPr kinase and formation of a repressor complex with CcpA are parts of the B. subtilis CCR system. Only in the double mutant with an HPr Ser46Ala mutation and a crh knockout mutation was CCR strongly reduced. In contrast, P manR and P manP were not inducible in a ccpA deletion mutant.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-9193 , 1098-5530
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481988-0
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2014
    In:  Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 98, No. 1 ( 2014-1), p. 137-149
    In: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 98, No. 1 ( 2014-1), p. 137-149
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0175-7598 , 1432-0614
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1464336-4
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