In:
The FEBS Journal, Wiley, Vol. 279, No. 20 ( 2012-10), p. 3911-3924
Abstract:
Carotenoid cleavage oxygenases are nonheme iron enzymes that specifically cleave carbon–carbon double bonds of carotenoids. Their apocarotenoid cleavage products serve as important signaling molecules that are involved in various biological processes. A database search revealed the presence of putative carotenoid cleavage oxygenase genes in the genomes of Sphingopyxis alaskensis RB 2256 and Plesiocystis pacifica SIR ‐1. The four genes sala_1698 , sala_1008 , ppsir1_15490 and ppsir1_17230 were cloned and heterologously expressed in carotenoid‐producing Escherichia coli JM 109 strains. Two of the four encoded proteins exhibited carotenoid cleavage activity. S . alaskensis RB 2256 carotenoid cleavage oxygenase (Sa CCO ), which is encoded by sala_1698 , was shown to cleave acyclic and monocyclic substrates. Coexpression of sala_1698 in carotenoid‐producing E . coli JM 109 strains revealed cleavage activity for lycopene, hydroxylycopene, and dihydroxylycopene. The monocyclic substrate apo‐8′‐carotenal was cleaved in vitro by purified Sa CCO at the 9′/10′ and 11′/12′ double bonds. The second enzyme, P . pacifica SIR ‐1 carotenoid cleavage oxygenase (Pp CCO ), is encoded by ppsir1_15490 . Pp CCO ‐mediated carotenoid cleavage requires the presence of either hydroxy or keto groups. Pp CCO cleaved zeaxanthin, hydroxylycopene, and dihydroxylycopene, and also the C 50 carotenoids decaprenoxanthin, sarprenoxanthin and sarcinaxanthin, in carotenoid‐producing E . coli JM 109 strains. Whole cells of E . coli JM 109 overexpressing ppsir1_15490mut , a mutant of ppsir1_15490 with enhanced gene expression, were applied for the conversion of carotenoids. Analysis of the carotenoid cleavage products revealed a single cleavage site at the 13′/14′ double bond for astaxanthin, and two cleavage sites at the 11′/12′ or 13′/14′ double bond for zeaxanthin, nostoxanthin, and canthaxanthin.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
1742-464X
,
1742-4658
DOI:
10.1111/febs.2012.279.issue-20
DOI:
10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08751.x
Language:
English
Publisher:
Wiley
Publication Date:
2012
detail.hit.zdb_id:
2172518-4
SSG:
12
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