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  • Articles  (41)
  • 2010-2014  (41)
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  • Articles  (41)
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  • 1
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    Muted change in Atlantic overturning circulation over some glacial-aged Heinrich events (2014)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2013. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Nature Publishing Group for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Nature Geoscience 7 (2014):144–150, doi:10.1038/ngeo2045.
    Description: Heinrich events - surges of icebergs into the North Atlantic Ocean - punctuated the last glacial period. The events are associated with millennial-scale cooling in the Northern Hemisphere. Freshwater from the melting icebergs is thought to have interrupted the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, thus minimizing heat transport into the northern North Atlantic. The northward flow of warm water passes through the Florida Straits and is reflected in the distribution of seawater properties in this region. Here we investigate the northward flow through this region over the past 40,000 years using oxygen isotope measurements of benthic foraminifera from two cores on either side of the Florida Straits, which allow us to estimate water density, which is related to flow via the thermal wind relation. We infer a substantial reduction of flow during Heinrich Event 1 and the Heinrich-like Younger Dryas cooling, but little change during Heinrich Events 2 and 3, which occurred during an especially cold phase of the last glacial period. We speculate that because glacial circulation was already weakened before the onset of Heinrich Events 2 and 3, freshwater forcing had little additional effect. However, low-latitude climate perturbations were observed during all events. We therefore suggest these perturbations may not have been directly caused by changes in heat transport associated with Atlantic overturning circulation as commonly assumed.
    Description: The authors acknowledge the US National Science Foundation (OCE-0096472, OCE-0648258 and OCE-1102743), a grant from the Comer Science and Education Foundation and a Rutt Bridges Undergraduate Research Fellowship to L.G.H. for funding this work. PC acknowledges the supports from the Natural Science Foundation of China (40921004 and 40930844). S.M. was funded through the DFG Research Center/Cluster of Excellence “The Ocean in the Earth System”.
    Description: 2014-07-12
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    On the path of the Gulf Stream and the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (2010)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2010. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Climate 23 (2010): 3146–3154, doi:10.1175/2010JCLI3310.1.
    Description: The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) simulated in various ocean-only and coupled atmosphere–ocean numerical models often varies in time because of either forced or internal variability. The path of the Gulf Stream (GS) is one diagnostic variable that seems to be sensitive to the amplitude of the AMOC, yet previous modeling studies show a diametrically opposed relationship between the two variables. In this note this issue is revisited, bringing together ocean observations and comparisons with the GFDL Climate Model version 2.1 (CM2.1), both of which suggest a more southerly (northerly) GS path when the AMOC is relatively strong (weak). Also shown are some examples of possible diagnostics to compare various models and observations on the relationship between shifts in GS path and changes in AMOC strength in future studies.
    Description: We wish to acknowledge support (TJ) from WHOI’s Paul Fye Chair and NASA (NNXZX09AF35G) and to NOAA/OAR (RZ) for this work.
    Keywords: Sea surface temperature ; Meridional overturning circulation ; Gyres ; Coupled models ; Atmosphere-ocean interaction
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 3
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    Dynamic millennial-scale climate changes in the northwestern Pacific over the past 40,000 years (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2010. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 37 (2010): L23603, doi:10.1029/2010GL045202.
    Description: Ice core records of polar temperatures and greenhouse gases document abrupt millennial-scale oscillations that suggest the reduction or shutdown of thermohaline Circulation (THC) in the North Atlantic Ocean may induce the abrupt cooling in the northern hemisphere. It remains unknown, however, whether the sea surface temperature (SST) is cooling or warming in the Kuroshio of the Northwestern Pacific during the cooling event. Here we present an AMS 14C-dated foraminiferal Mg/Ca SST record from the central Okinawa Trough and document that the SST variations exhibit two steps of warming since 21 ka — at 14.7 ka and 12.8 ka, and a cooling (∼1.5°C) during the interval of the Younger Dryas. By contrast, we observed no SST change or oceanic warming (∼1.5–2°C) during the episodes of Northern Hemisphere cooling between ∼21–40 ka. We therefore suggest that the “Antarctic-like” timing and amplitude of millennial-scale SST variations in the subtropical Northwestern Pacific between 20–40 ka may have been determined by rapid ocean adjustment processes in response to abrupt wind stress and meridional temperature gradient changes in the North Pacific.
    Description: This research was funded by the National Science Council (NSC), Taiwan to M.T.C. (NSC96‐2611‐M‐019‐008 and NSC96‐2611‐M‐019‐009) and C.C.S. (NSC98‐2611‐M002‐006). X.P.L. was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (40930844 and 40706006), China’s National Basic Research Priorities Programmer (2005CB422303 and 2007CB411804), 111 Project (B07036), and the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NECT‐07‐0781).
    Keywords: Kuroshio ; Pacific ; Sea surface temperature ; Mg/Ca ; Oxygen isotope ; East Asian monsoon
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: text/plain
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  • 4
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    Microscopic model for the ferroelectric field effect in oxide heterostructures (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-15
    Description: Author(s): Shuai Dong, Xiaotian Zhang, Rong Yu, J.-M. Liu, and Elbio Dagotto [Phys. Rev. B 84, 155117] Published Fri Oct 14, 2011
    Keywords: Electronic structure and strongly correlated systems
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 5
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    Quantitative proteome analysis of ovarian cancer tissues using a iTRAQ approach (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2012-07-14
    Description: Quantitative proteomics can be used as a screening tool for identification of differentially expressed proteins as potential biomarkers for cancers. Here, we comparatively analyzed the proteome profiles of ovarian cancer tissues and normal ovarian epithelial tissues. Using the high-throughput proteomic technology of isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-coupled with two-dimensional-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, 1259 unique proteins were identified. Of those, 205 were potentially differentially expressed between ovarian cancer and normal ovarian tissues. Several of the potentially differentially expressed proteins were validated by Western blotting and real-time quantitative RT-PCR analyses. Furthermore, up-regulation of KRT8, PPA1, IDH2, and S100A11 were validated in ovarian tissue microarrays by immunohistochemistry. Silencing of S100A11 expression suppressed the migration and invasion properties of ovarian cancer cells in vitro. Our study represents the successful application of iTRAQ technology to an investigation of ovarian cancer. Many of the potentially differentially expressed proteins identified had not been linked to ovarian cancer before, and provide valuable novel insights into the underlying mechanisms of carcinogenesis in human ovarian cancer. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Electronic ISSN: 0091-7419
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 6
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    Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in a high-risk Chinese population (2013)
    BioMed Central
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    Publication Date: 2013-07-06
    Description: Background: Lifestyle plays an important role in the development of diabetic retinopathy. The lifestyle in Guangzhou is different from other cities in China as the Cantonese prefer eating rice porridge, but not spicy foods. The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence and determinants of diabetic retinopathy in a high-risk population of Guangzhou. Methods: Subjects (619 totals) aged over 45 years old, without known diabetes were recruited from five randomly selected Guangzhou communities in 2009--2010. All participants were invited to complete the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) questionnaire. Subjects with FINDRISC score 〉= 9 were included in the study, and underwent an investigation of demographic data, a standardized physical examination, ocular fundus examination, and laboratory analyses. The minimum criterion for diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy was the presence of at least one microaneurysm. Results: Of 619 subjects, 208 eligible subjects (122 women) with FINDRISC score 〉= 9 were included in the study. The mean age was 69.2 +/- 8.5 years. Diabetic retinopathy was detected in 31 subjects, and the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in subjects with high risk for diabetes was 14.9%. In binary logistic regression analysis, risk factors associated with diabetic retinopathy were history of impaired glucose regulation [odds ratio (OR), 7.194; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.083, 47.810], higher hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c; OR, 2.912; 95% CI: 1.009, 8.402), higher two-hour postprandial plasma glucose level (OR, 1.014; 95% CI: 1.003, 1.025), and presence of microalbuminuria (OR, 5.387; 95% CI: 1.255, 23.129). Conclusions: Diabetic retinopathy was prevalent in a high-risk Chinese population from Guangzhou. Histories of impaired glucose regulation and microalbuminuria were strong risk factors for diabetic retinopathy.
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-2458
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BioMed Central
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  • 7
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    Prevalence of obesity and overweight among Chinese children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a survey in Zhejiang Province, China (2013)
    BioMed Central
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-11
    Description: Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is often comorbid with psychiatric and developmental disorders. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of obesity and overweight among Chinese children with ADHD, and to explore which subtypes of the disorder may specifically be associated with obesity/overweight. Methods: Children meeting the DSM-IV criteria for ADHD were enrolled in the study. Weight, weight z-score, height, height z-score, BMI, and BMI z-score were used to evaluate growth status. Obesity and overweight were determined using the National Growth Reference for Chinese Children and Adolescents. Relations between the prevalence of obesity/overweight and different ADHD subtypes and pubertal development were analyzed. Results: A total of 158 children with ADHD (mean age: 9.2 years) were recruited for the study. The prevalences of obesity, overweight, and combined obesity/overweight were 12.0%, 17.1%, and 29.1%, respectively, which were significantly higher than in the general Chinese population (2.1%, 4.5%, and 6.6%, respectively). Multivariable analysis showed that the children with the combined subtype of ADHD and the onset of puberty were at a higher risk of becoming obese or overweight. Conclusions: The prevalence of obesity in Chinese children with ADHD is higher than that of the general population. Children with the ADHD combined subtype who were at the onset of puberty were more likely to be overweight or obese.
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-244X
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BioMed Central
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  • 8
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    Post-Self-Assembly Cross-Linking to Integrate Molecular Nanofibers with Copolymers in Oscillatory Hydrogels (2013)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-21
    Description: The Journal of Physical Chemistry B DOI: 10.1021/jp401353e
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5207
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 9
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    Current potassium-management status and grain-yield response of Chinese maize to potassium application (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2013-05-22
    Description: The great achievement of the development of intensive in agriculture in China can be partly attributed to substantial increases in mineral-nutrient application. However, whereas farmers tend to apply high levels of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) application of potassium (K) has been neglected. A greater understanding of the relationship between maize ( Zea mays L.) grain yield and K-application rate is thus required to provide an improved rationale for K fertilization for farmers in the various agro-ecological regions of China. In this study, a total of 2765 farmers' survey data and 3124 on-farm experiments across major maize agro-ecological regions in China were collected and evaluated for farmers' K-management status and to determine grain-yield response to K application. Nationally, the average K-application rate on farms was 26 kg K ha –1 and varied from 0 to 158 kg K ha –1 , with a coefficient of variation of 107%, but the applied K-fertilizer rates were not related to grain yield. Maize grain yields at recommended K rates increased by 14.0%, 14.7%, 19.4%, and 4.3% in Northeast China, North China Plain, Southwest China, and Northwest China, respectively, compared to zero K fertilization (K 0 ). Increased yield due to K fertilization (IY max , difference between maximum yield across all treatments and K 0 -treatment yield for each experiment) averaged 1.4 t ha –1 but varied widely in different agro-ecological regions. Soil extractable K (NH 4 OAc-K) and intercounty variation resulted in large variation in IY max in agro-ecological regions, as did other factors, such as use of particular maize hybrids, soil types, or years in different regions.
    Print ISSN: 1436-8730
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-2624
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 10
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    New Eunicellin Diterpenes and 9,10-Secosteroids from the Gorgonian Muricella sibogae (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-20
    Description: Bioactivity-guided isolation of the rare gorgonian Muricella sibogae ( Nutting ) yielded the two new eunicellin diterpenes sibogin A and B ( 1 and 2 ), the three new 9,10-secosteroids sibogol A–C ( 6 – 8 ), together with the three known eunicellin diterpenes 3 – 5 and the five known 9,10-secosteroids 9 – 13 . Their structures were established by extensive spectral analysis (1D- and 2D-NMR, IR, and MS). The cytotoxicity of the isolates 1 – 13 was evaluated in vitro against the selected tumor cell lines P388 and BEL-7402. All the compounds showed only weak activity against P388 cell lines, with an inhibition rate ranging from 10 to 60% at a concentration of 50 μg/ml, whereas the were inactive against BEL-7402 cell lines.
    Print ISSN: 0018-019X
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-2675
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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