Note: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Contributors -- 1 Internet of Intelligent Things: Bringing Artificial Intelligence into Things and Communication Networks -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 1.1 Internet of Things Challenges -- 2…Artificial Intelligence for Intelligent Sensing -- 3…Social Networks and the Internet of Intelligent Things -- 4…Pervasive Intelligent Robots -- 4.1 IoT and Urban Technologies -- 4.2 IoT Platforms for Home Automation/Ambient Intelligence -- 4.3 Smart Devices -- 5…Intelligent Large Scale Sensing -- 5.1 People-Centric Sensing -- 5.2 Ubiquitous Sensing -- 5.3 Location-Aware Sensing -- 5.4 OpportunisticOpportunistic Sensing and Participatory Sensing -- 5.5 Contextual Sensing -- 5.6 Machine Learning for Large-Scale Sensing -- 5.7 Sensing Architectures -- 6…The Cloud and the Internet of Intelligent Things -- 6.1 Wireless Sensor Networks Backend Infrastructures -- 6.2 Wireless Sensor Networks and Health Care -- 6.3 Machine-to-Machine (M2M) CommunicationsMachine-to-Machine Communications in the Cloud -- 6.4 Cloud Robotics -- 7…Conclusions -- References -- 2 Cloud Computing: Paradigms and Technologies -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Anatomy of Cloud Computing -- 2.1 Definition -- 2.2 Characteristics -- 2.3 Affects -- 2.4 Architecture -- 2.5 Technologies behind Cloud Computing -- 2.6 Advantages of the Use of Cloud Technology -- 3…Classifying Clouds and Vendors -- 3.1 Deployment Models -- 3.2 Service Models -- 3.2.1 Infrastructure-as-a-Service -- 3.2.2 Platform-as-a-Service -- 3.2.3 Software-as-a-Service -- 3.2.4 Data-as-a-Service -- 3.3 Cloud Vendors -- 4…Cloud Computing Aspects -- 4.1 Cost and Pricing -- 4.2 Service Level Agreement -- 4.3 Security -- 5…Cloud Computing and Distributed Computing Paradigms -- 5.1 Utility Computing Utility Computing Versus Cloud Computing. , 5.2 Volunteer Computing Volunteer Computing Versus Cloud Computing -- 5.3 Grid Computing Grid Computing Versus Cloud Computing -- 6…The Road Ahead -- 6.1 Lessons Learned in Cloud Adoption -- 6.2 Challenges and Future Research Directions -- 7…Conclusion -- References -- 3 A Comparison of Two Different Approaches to Cloud Monitoring -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Monitoring IaaS Cloud!IaaS Clouds -- 3…Related Work -- 4…Cloud Experience in European Research Projects -- 4.1 VISION VISIONCloud -- 4.2 mOSAIC -- 5…Monitoring in the VISION VISIONCloud platform -- 5.1 Overall Architecture and Requirements -- 5.2 Monitoring Architecture -- 5.3 Implementation Details -- 5.4 Event and Rulemonitoring!rules Format -- 6…Cloud AgencyCloud Agency -- 6.1 Monitoring Architecture -- 6.2 MeteringCloud Agency!metering the Cloud -- 6.3 Monitoring the Cloud -- 6.4 Implementation Details -- 7…Critical Analysis -- 8…Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 4 Intuitive User Interfaces to Help Boost Adoption of Internet-of-Things and Internet-of-Content Services for All Disaster Management -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…The Technology Supply Quest -- 3…Accessibility Matters: Opening Service Access to All -- 4…Setting up a Solution -- 4.1 The IOTC4ALL Service Model -- 4.2 Enhancing Services Components to Enrich Their Accessibility -- 4.3 The IOTC4ALL Marketplace -- 4.4 Smart Devices UI -- 4.4.1 Intelligent and Adaptive HCI -- 4.4.2 Ubiquitous Computing and Ambient Intelligence -- 4.4.3 From Unimodal to Multimodal Interfaces -- 4.4.4 Smart Devices Today -- 5…Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- 5 Intelligent Context: The Realization of Decision Support Under Uncertainty -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…The Complexity of Context -- 3…Intelligent Context ProcessingContext!Intelligent context processing -- 3.1 The Context-Processing Algorithm. , 3.2 The Extended Context Processing AlgorithmContext!Extended context processing algorithm -- 3.2.1 Implementation -- 4…The Distribution Function -- 4.1 The Design of the Distribution Function -- 4.2 The Decision Boundary Proximity Issue -- 4.3 Partitioning and the Euclidean Distance Adjustment Analysis -- 4.3.1 An Analysis -- 4.4 Analysis Conclusions and Observations -- 5…Context Processing under UncertaintyContext!Uncertainty -- 6…Results and Discussion -- 6.1 Situational AwarenessContext!Situational awareness -- 7…Concluding Observations -- References -- 6 Autonomous Evolution of Access to Information in Institutional Decision-Support Systems Using Agent and Semantic Web Technologies -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Agent-Oriented Semantic Access -- 2.1 The generic system -- 2.2 The Legacy RDB System -- 2.3 The Semantic Query Access System -- 2.4 Decomposition of SQAS Use Cases -- 3…The SQAS Architecture -- 3.1 The High-Level Architecture of SQAS -- 3.2 The Roles of User Interface Agent -- 3.3 The Roles of Database Interface Agent -- 4…Agent-Oriented Middleware for Server Subsystems -- 4.1 The Database Interface Environment -- 4.2 A Note on Implementation Strategy -- 4.3 A Scenario for Agent-Assisted Ontology Development -- 5…Agent-Oriented Middleware for Client Subsystems -- 5.1 The User Interface Environment -- 5.2 A Scenario for Agent-Assisted Semantic Access -- 6…Closing Remarks -- 7…Conclusions -- References -- 7 A Research Survey on Large XML Data: Streaming, Selectivity Estimation and Parallelism -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 1.1 Preliminaries -- 2…Selectivity Estimation -- 2.1 Properties of Selectivity Estimation Techniques -- 2.2 Path/Twig Selectivity Estimation Techniques -- 2.2.1 Synopsis-Based Estimation Techniques -- 2.2.2 Histogram-Based Estimation Techniques -- 3…Stream-Processing Approaches -- 3.1 Stream-Filtering Algorithms. , 3.2 Stream-Querying Algorithms -- 4…Parallel Query Processing -- 4.1 General Research on Decidability and Complexity -- 4.2 Data Distribution -- 4.3 Distribution and Parallel XPath Query Processing -- 4.4 Low-Level Implementation Techniques -- 4.5 DBMS and Join-Based Implementations -- 4.6 Map-Reduce, Hadoop Implementations -- 5…Conclusion -- References -- 8 Techniques and Applications to Analyze Mobility Data -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Collectingtrace collection Inter-cooperative Mobilitymobility Data -- 2.1 The HaggleHaggle Project -- 2.2 CRAWDADCRAWDAD -- 2.3 Socialsocial Tracer and HYCCUPS -- 2.3.1 Socialsocial Tracer -- 2.3.2 HYCCUPS -- 2.4 Benefits and Limitations -- 3…Techniques for Data Analysisdata analysis -- 3.1 Contact Timescontact time Distribution and Time of Day Dependence -- 3.2 Contact Predictabilitypredictability -- 3.3 Predictabilitypredictability of Interacting with Wirelesswireless Access Pointsaccess point -- 4…Experimental Results -- 4.1 Contact Timescontact time Distribution and Time of Day Dependence -- 4.1.1 UPB 2011 -- 4.1.2 UPB 2012 -- 4.2 Contact Predictabilitypredictability -- 4.3 Predictabilitypredictability of Interacting with Wireless Access Pointsaccess point -- 4.3.1 Rice -- 4.3.2 Nodobo -- 5…Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- 9 Memory Support Through Pervasive and Mobile Systems -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 1.1 Evolution of Memory Prosthetics Devices -- 2…Context Aware Systems -- 3…Application Contextualization in Memory Support Systems -- 3.1 The Introduction of Time Context -- 3.2 The Introduction of Location Context -- 3.3 Web IntegrationWeb Integration -- 3.4 Integration of Time and Location ContextIntegration of Time and Location Context -- 3.5 Toward a New Generation of Memory Prosthetic DevicesMemory Prosthetic Devices -- 4…The Architecture of Our System -- 4.1 Server Side. , 4.1.1 A Three Tier ArchitectureThree Tier Architecture -- 4.1.2 Reasoning Engine -- 4.2 Client Side -- 5…ExperimentsExperiments and Users' FeedbacksUsers' Feedbacks -- 6…Ontology Management and Enrichment -- 7…Conclusions -- References -- 10 Viable Service Business Models Towards Inter-cooperative Strategies: Conceptual Evolutionary Considerations -- Abstract -- 1…Chronological Development of S-D Logic Model -- 2…The Role of Intangibility-Heterogeneity-Inseparability-Perishability Framework in the Separation of G-D and S-D Logics -- 2.1 IHIP Characteristics and Its Critics -- 2.2 Implications for the Definition of Services -- 3…Service Science Perspectives: Service-Dominant versus Goods-Dominant logic -- 3.1 Resource-Based Definition of Service Logic -- 3.2 S-D Logic and General Theory -- 4…Case Studies of Empirical Applications of S-D Logic -- 4.1 S-D Logic, Branding and Networks -- 4.2 S-D Logic and Discontinuous Innovations -- 4.3 S-D Logic and Co-Produced Knowledge -- 4.4 S-D Logic and Social Construction TheoriesSocial Construction Theories -- 4.5 S-D Logic and Logistics Service ValueLogistics Service Value -- 4.6 S-D Logic and ProcurementProcurement -- 4.7 S-D Logic and Service Experience -- 4.8 S-D Logic and Competitive AdvantageCompetitive Advantage -- 4.9 Cloud ComputingCloud computing as an Illustrative Example of S-D Logic -- 5…Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- 11 Discovering the Hidden Semantics in Enterprise Resource Planning Data Through Formal Concept Analysis -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 1.1 Enterprise Resource Planning Systems -- 1.2 Rationale -- 2…Overview of Analysis -- 2.1 Data Preparation -- 2.2 Analysing Transactional ActivityAnalysis!Transactional Activity -- 2.3 Analysing Transactional Activity with DescriptionsAnalysis!Transactional Activity with Descriptions. , 2.4 Analysing Transactional Activity with Multiple AttributesAnalysis!Multiple Attributes.

Note: Title -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- The Web of Things - Challenges and Enabling Technologies -- The Web - An Application Platform for Real-World Things -- Towards the Web of Things -- Technologies Driving the Web of Things -- Web of Things Architecture -- Integrating Things on the Web -- Frameworks for the Web of Things -- Building 'Web of Things Applications -- The AJAX Technique -- Mashups - Composing Things on the Web -- Event Driven Approach -- Case Studies of Ambient Spaces -- Ambient Classrooms -- Ambient Meter -- Research Directions -- Conclusion -- References -- Context-Aware Environments for the Internet of Things -- Introduction to Internet of Things Infrastructure and Services -- Context Aware Internet of Things Infrastructure -- Situational Awareness -- Other Representation Approaches -- Architectural Issues -- CAPIM Infrastructure -- CAPIM Context Model -- Use Case -- Future Trends and Research Directions in Internet of Things Infrastructure and Services -- Conclusions and Remarks -- References -- Service Interoperability in the Internet of Things -- Introduction -- Background -- An Interoperability Framework -- Assessing Current Interoperability Technologies -- Service Interoperability -- Schema Interoperability -- Serialization Format -- Message Protocol -- Rethinking Interoperability -- An IoT Case Study Scenario -- Service Interoperability -- Schema Interoperability -- Serialization Format -- Message Protocol -- Assessing the New Approach -- Contrasting SIL and Related Technologies -- Implementation -- Migration Path -- Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- The Role of Ad Hoc Networks in the Internet of Things: A Case Scenario for Smart Environments -- Introduction -- Classification of Ad Hoc Networks -- Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) -- Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs). , Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) -- Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) -- Near Field Communications (NFC) -- Routing Protocols for the IoT -- Towards an IoT Smart Environment -- The "thereuGO" Case Scenario -- A "thereuGO" IoT Model Architecture -- Conclusions -- References -- Challenges in Efficient Realtime Mobile Sharing -- Heterogeneous Networks -- IP Networks -- Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks -- Multimedia Sessions -- Session Control -- Multimedia Session Mobility -- Multimedia Session Mobility versus MobileIP -- Federated Service Platforms -- Functionalities -- Mobility Management -- Pervasive Service Platforms -- Service Concept -- Session Concept -- Mobility -- Sharing of Content and Context -- Research Challenges and Progress -- Mobility and Sharing in Heterogeneous Networks -- Mobility and Sharing of WSANs -- Mobility and Sharing of Multimedia Sessions -- Service Platforms -- Pervasive Service Platforms -- Conclusion -- References -- Malware Detection and Prevention in RFID Systems -- Introduction -- SQL Injection Attacks -- Malware in RFID Systems -- Differences in Web Based and RFID SQLIA -- Related Work -- Policy Based RFID Malware Detection and Prevention -- Approach Overview -- Static Analysis -- Runtime Monitoring -- Query Structure Creation and Comparison -- Query Tokenization -- Query Structure Policy Generation -- Runtime Query Matching -- Security Evaluations -- RFID Tag Data Cleaning -- Query Structure Matching -- Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- Conceptual Model of Business Services Availability vs. Interoperability on Collaborative IoT-enabled eBusiness Platforms -- Introduction -- Contemporary Concepts, Architectures and Technologies to Support Effective IoT-enabled Business Services Delivery -- Enabling High Services Availability on SDP. , Hypothetical Model to Increase Service Availability on Distributed SDPs -- Numerical Patterns of the Model -- Literature Case Studies - Business Services Availability in the Collaborative Mobile Environment -- Conclusions -- References -- Organizational Control Reconfigurations for a Robust Smart Power Grid -- Introduction -- Dynamic I/O Binding Reconfigurations -- Application Scenarios -- Dynamic Load-Balancing of Power Lines -- Dynamic Switching of Power Flow -- Dynamic Allocation of Operating Reserves -- Dynamic Restoration After Blackout -- Discussion -- Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- Homesick L\'{e}vy Walk and Optimal Forwarding Criterion of Utility-Based Routing under Sequential Encounters -- Introduction -- Existing Mobility Models and Homesick L´evy Walk -- Random Walk -- Random Waypoint -- L´evy Flight and L´evy Walk -- Homesick L´evy Walk -- Routing Protocols in Delay Tolerant Networks -- Epidemic Routing -- Spray and Wait -- PRoPHET -- MaxProp -- Optimal Forwarding Criterion for Utility-Based Routing under Sequential Encounters -- Optimal Stopping Theory -- Proposed Routing Method -- Performance Evaluation -- Evaluation Measures -- Simulation Setup -- Simulation Results -- Conclusion -- Open Issues -- References -- Hybrid Cloud Architecture for VANET Simulations -- Introduction -- The Internet of Things and Cloud Computing -- Simulation of Ubiquitous Networks Over Cloud: Topicality in the IoT Paradigm -- VANET Networks: Characteristics and Scalability Issues -- Scalability of Simulations -- Cloud Computing: Elasticity Model -- Design of Scalable Cloud Architectures -- Elasticity and Scalability -- VANET Simulations Over Cloud -- Learning Phase -- Proposed Architecture -- Overview of the Cloud Infrastructure -- Public Cloud Platform with Amazon EC2 -- Scheduling Algorithms -- Performance Analysis. , Effectiveness of the Scheduling Algorithm -- Scheduling Algorithm Optimization - Resource Usage -- Scheduling Algorithm Optimization - Memory Usage -- Conclusions -- References -- Constructing Large Scale CooperativeMulti-Agent Systems from Semantic P2PNetworks -- Introduction -- Large Scale Multi Agent System Architecture Based on Semantic P2P Network -- Formal Definitions -- Theorems Related to VIRGO -- Construction and Maintenance of VIRGO Agent -- Formal Definition of Large Scale Cooperative Multi-Agent Systems Based on Semantic P2P Networks -- Distributed Action for Large Scale Cooperative Multi-Agent Systems -- Case Applications -- Simulation of Social Society Based on Semantic P2P Network -- Semantic P2P Network for e-Business -- Conclusion -- References -- An Efficient, Secure and User Privacy-Preserving Search Protocol for Peer-to-Peer Networks -- Introduction -- Related Work -- General Searching Schemes in P2P Networks -- Secure Searching Schemes in P2P Networks -- Privacy-Preserving Searching Schemes in P2PNetworks -- The Secure and Privacy-Aware Searching Protocol -- The Network Environment -- The Proposed Search Protocol -- Privacy-Preservation in Searching -- Performance Metrics for the Proposed Protocol -- Performance Evaluation of the Proposed Protocol -- Conclusion -- References -- The Tailored Fabric of Intelligent Environments -- Introduction -- State of the Art -- Internet of Things -- Intelligent Environments -- TheWorldView -- Enabling Technology for IoT and IE convergence -- Middleware -- Agents, Applications and Virtual Appliances -- Case Study: The Essex iSpace -- FollowMe -- HotSpot -- Conclusions and Future Challenges -- References -- Generalized World Entities as an Unifying IoT Framework: A Case for the GENIUS Project -- Introduction -- The GWE Paradigm -- General Context -- A First Example. , The GENIUS' Procedures Implementing the GWE Paradigm -- Identification and Low-Level Description of the GWEs -- Conceptual Representation of the World -- Full Recognition and Categorization of the GWEs -- Reasoning Based on the Full Recognition of an Existing Situation -- An "Assisted Living" Real-Life Scenario -- Conclusion -- References -- Plugging Text Processing and Mining in a Cloud Computing Framework -- Introduction -- Cloud Computing -- Service Delivery Models -- Deployment Models -- Information Retrieval and Text Mining -- Information Retrieval -- Albanian Language Processing and Stemming -- Apache Hadoop -- General Framework -- Analysis, Design and Implementation of the Plugin -- Analysis -- Design and Implementation -- Running the Plugin in the Hadoop Cluster -- Evaluation -- Experimental Setting and Cluster Creation -- Dataset -- Evaluation Setting and Experimental Results -- Analysis and Interpretation of Results -- Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- A Recommendation System for Browsing of Multimedia Collections in the Internet of Things -- Introduction -- Related Work -- System Overview -- The Recommendation Model -- Modelling the Context -- The Recommendation Process -- System Customization in the Cultural Heritage Domain -- Preliminary Experimental Results -- User Satisfaction -- Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- From Patient Information Services to Patient Guidance Services-The iCare Approach -- Introduction -- Semantic Interoperability for e-Health -- Healthcare System Integration issues and State of the Art -- Current State-of-the-Art in Integration with Personal Care Devices -- Current State-of-the-Art in Security and Privacy of Citizen Context and Electronic Health Records (EHRs) -- Semantic Web Technologies -- Semantic Web Services -- The iCare PGS Model -- The iCare PGS Semantic Service Platform. , PGS and Data Collection as Interoperability Components.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- Wikipedia as a Source of Ontological Knowledge: State of the Art and Application -- Toward a Methodology of Collaborative Modeling and Simulation of Complex Systems -- Evolving Schedules of Independent Tasks by Differential Evolution -- A Multi-lane Double Auction for Economic- Based Service Management in the Cloud -- Monitoring and Performance Analysis of Workflow Applications in Large Scale Distributed Systems -- Scaling Relations of Data Gathering Times in an Epidemically Data Sharing System with Opportunistically Communicating Mobile Sensors -- Multilaterally Secure Ubiquitous Auditing -- A Round-Based Cover Traffic Algorithm for Anonymity Systems -- Author Index.

Note: Title Page -- Foreword -- Preface by Editors -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Learning Structure and Schemas from Heterogeneous Domains in Networked Systems Surveyed -- Introduction -- Learning Patterns in Sensor Networks -- Learning Structures in Biological Domains -- Learning in Distributed Automation and Control Systems -- Learning Structures in Social Networks -- Learning Structures in Peer-to-Peer Networks -- Learning and Privacy-Preserving in Distributed Environments -- Conclusion -- References -- Handling Hierarchically Structured Resources Addressing Interoperability Issues in Digital Libraries -- Introduction and Motivation -- Objectives and Contributions -- The Background Context and Technologies -- Archives and Archival Descriptions -- EAD: Encoded Archival Description -- OAI-PMH and Dublin Core -- The NESTOR Model -- The NESTOR Algebra -- The NESTOR Prototype: Addressing Interoperability for Digital Archives -- How to Represent an Archive through the NESTOR Model -- Analysis of the Requirements -- Retaining Archival Hierarchy and Context throughout an XML Tree -- Encoding, Accessing and Sharing an Archive through Sets -- Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- Administrative Document Analysis and Structure -- Introduction -- Case-Based Reasoning -- CBR Terminology -- Problem Elaboration -- Similar Case Search -- Adaptation -- Learning -- CBR for Document Image Analysis: CBRDIA -- The Proposed Approach -- Document Structures -- Problem Representation -- Problem Solving -- Experiments -- Experiments on CBRDIA -- Experiments on Administrative Documents -- Conclusion -- References -- Automatic Document Layout Analysis through Relational Machine Learning -- Introduction -- Related Work -- Preliminaries -- Learning Layout Correction Theories -- From Manual to Automatic Improvement of the Layout Correction -- Tool Architecture. , The Learning System -- Description Language -- Experiments -- Conclusions -- References -- Dataspaces: Where Structure and Schema Meet -- Introduction -- Data Structuring -- Data Integration: The Story so Far -- Schema Mapping -- Keyword-Driven Queries -- The Web of Data -- Dataspaces -- Dataspace Dimensions -- Dataspace Profiling -- Querying and Searching -- Application Domain -- A Roundup of Existing Projects on Managing Structured Data -- Google BigTable -- Apache Cassandra -- Apache Hadoop -- Apache CouchDB -- DHT-Based Data Management Systems -- Google Fusion Tables -- WebTables -- Yahoo! SearchMonkey -- iMeMex -- Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- Transductive Learning of Logical Structures from Document Images -- Introduction -- Motivation and Problem Definition -- Related Work -- Extracting Emerging Patterns with SPADA -- Document Description -- The Mining Step -- Transductive Classification -- Experiments -- Conclusions -- References -- Progressive Filtering on the Web: The Press Reviews Case Study -- Introduction and Motivation -- Mission -- Related Work -- Hierarchical Text Categorization -- The Input Imbalance Problem -- Agents and Information Retrieval -- Progressive Filtering in Text Categorization -- The Approach -- The Threshold Selection Algorithm -- A Case Study: NEWS.MAS -- The Implemented System -- Experimental Results -- Conclusions -- References -- A Hybrid Binarization Technique for Document Images -- Introduction -- Related Work -- Algorithm Description -- Application of Iterative Global Thresholding -- Noisy Area Detection -- Re-application of IGT (Local Thresholding) -- Experimental Results -- Discussion - Future work -- Conclusion -- References -- Digital Libraries and Document Image Retrieval Techniques: A Survey -- Introduction -- Retrieval Paradigms -- Features -- Pixel Level -- Column Level -- Sliding Window. , Stroke and Primitive Level -- Connected-Component Level -- Word Level -- Line and Page Level -- Shape Descriptor -- Representation -- Similarity Measure -- Clustering -- Matching -- Conclusions -- References -- Mining Biomedical Text towards Building a Quantitative Food-Disease-Gene Network -- Introduction and Motivation -- Related Work -- Named Entity Recognition (NER) in Biomedical Text -- Relationship Extraction -- Polarity and Strength Analysis -- Relationship Integration and Visualization -- Named Entity Recognition -- Improving the Performance of Food Recognition -- Abbreviations and Co-reference Recognition -- Verb-Centric Relationship Extraction -- Relationship Polarity and Strength Analysis -- Feature Space Design -- Feature Selection -- Relationship Integration and Visualization -- Evaluation -- Evaluation of the Named Entity Recognition Module -- Evaluation of the Relationship Extraction Algorithm -- Evaluation of Relationship Polarity and Strength Analysis -- Discussions and Conclusion -- References -- Mining Tinnitus Data Based on Clustering and New Temporal Features -- Introduction -- TRT Background -- TRT Data Collection -- Information Retrieval -- Mining Text Data -- Temporal Feature Design for Continuous Data -- Temporal Feature Design or Categorical Data -- System Overview -- Experiments and Results -- Experiment Type I -- Two-Bin Clustering -- Experiment Type II -- Experiment Type III -- Conclusion -- References -- DTW-GO Based Microarray Time Series DataAnalysis for Gene-Gene Regulation Prediction -- Introduction -- What Is Microarray? -- Importance of Microarray Technology -- Microarray Data Processing -- Microarray and Gene Ontology -- Research Issues in Microarray Time-Series Data -- Missing Value Imputation -- Gene Regulation Prediction -- Gene Clustering and Statistical Operations -- DTW-GO Based Microarray Data Analysis. , Dynamic Time Warping -- Gene Ontology -- DTW-GO Based Microarray Data Analysis -- Datasets and Performance Assessment -- Real Microarray Dataset -- Assessment of Imputation Accuracy -- Accuracy of Gene Regulation Prediction -- Experimental Results and Discussion -- Design of Experiments -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- References -- Integrating Content and Structure into a Comprehensive Framework for XML Document Similarity Represented in 3D Space -- Introduction -- Problem Statement -- XML Background -- Problem Definition -- Similarity Metric Overview -- Similarity Metric -- Structural Encoding -- Content Encoding -- Nested Content Encoding -- Difference Operator -- Visual Representation and Experiments -- MS Word Incremental Saves -- Random News Documents -- Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- Modelling User Behaviour on Page Content and Layout in Recommender Systems -- Introduction -- Personalization and Browsing Behaviour -- Motivation and Objectives -- Literature Review and Survey -- Browsing Behaviour: Action -- Browsing Behaviour: Visual -- A Recommender System Based on Browsing Behaviour -- Recommender System Architecture -- Recommender Implementation -- Structure, Layout, and Schema Learning -- Profiling Layout and Design -- Formalizing Layout and Design -- Layout and Design Learning -- Layout and Design Matching -- Conclusions -- References -- MANENT: An Infrastructure for Integrating, Structuring and Searching Digital Libraries -- Motivation -- Background -- Standards for Digital Library Access and Description -- Ontologies and Related Languages and Tools -- WordNet Domains and the WordNet Domains Ontology -- Text Semantic Similarity -- MANENT -- The MANENT Architecture -- Metadata Classification According to the WordNet Domains Ontology -- Experiments and Results -- Related Work. , Related Work on Digital Libraries Infrastructures -- Related Work on WordNet Domains -- Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- Low-Level Document Image Analysis and Description: From Appearance to Structure -- Introduction -- Motivation, Objectives and Contributions -- Background -- Modeling the Appearance of an Ancient Document -- Extracting Pattern Information from Low-Level Processing -- Linear Instantaneous Case -- Linear Convolutional Case -- A Metadata Schema to Describe Data, Procedures, and Results -- Experimental Evaluation -- Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- Model Learning from Published Aggregated Data -- Introduction -- Mission, Objectives, and Contributions -- Related Work -- Aggregated Data -- Attributional Rules as Knowledge Representation -- Rule Induction -- AQ Algorithm -- Rule Induction from Aggregated Data -- Calculating Coverage -- Evaluation -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Data De-duplication: A Review -- Introduction -- Problem Description -- Supervised Approaches to De-duplication -- Relational Data De-duplication Approaches -- Multidimensional Data De-duplication Approaches -- Data-Mining Data/Results De-duplication Approaches -- Linked and XML Data De-duplication Approaches -- Streaming Data De-duplication Approaches -- Unsupervised Approaches to De-duplication -- De-duplication Based on Clustering -- De-duplication Based on (dis)Similarity-Search in Metric Spaces -- De-duplication Based on Locality-Sensitive Hashing -- Conclusions and Further Research -- Efficiency and Scalability -- Systematic Assessment of De-duplication Performance -- Ethical, Legal and Anonymity Aspects -- Uncertainty -- References -- A Survey on Integrating Data in Bioinformatics -- Introduction -- Mission -- Background -- Linked-Based Integration -- Data Warehousing Integration -- Mediator-Based Integration. , Federated Databases.

Note: Title -- Preface -- Contents -- Introduction to Reasoning in Event-Based Distributed Systems -- Event-Based Distributed Systems -- Reasoning in Event-Based Distributed Systems -- Overview of the Book -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- Distributed Architectures for Event-Based Systems -- Introduction and Motivation -- Background -- Event-Driven Distributed System Architectures -- Complex Events Detection -- Classes of Event-Driven Distributed Architectures -- Event-Driven SOA -- Event-Driven Collaboration -- Event-Driven Grids -- P2P Systems -- Agent Systems -- Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- A CEP Babelfish: Languages for Complex Event Processing and Querying Surveyed -- Introduction -- Terminology -- Identification of Language Styles -- Composition Operators -- General Idea -- Sensor Network Use Case -- Summary -- Data Stream Query Languages -- General Idea -- Sensor Network Use Case -- Summary -- Production Rules -- General Idea -- Sensor Network Use Case -- Summary -- Timed State Machines -- General Idea -- Sensor Network Use Case -- Summary -- Logic Languages -- General Idea -- Sensor Network Use Case -- Summary -- Application Areas of the Language Styles -- Combination of Different Language Styles -- Conclusion -- References -- Two Semantics for CEP, no Double Talk: Complex Event Relational Algebra (CERA) and Its Application to XChange^EQ -- Introduction -- CEP Examples -- CERA: An Operational Semantics for Event Query Languages -- Purpose and Desiderata -- CERA: Complex Event Relational Algebra -- Translation into CERA -- Incremental Evaluation -- A Declarative Semantics for Event Query La -- Purpose, Necessity and Desiderata -- Model Theory and Fixpoint Theory -- Two Semantics, no Double Talk -- Conclusion and Outlook -- References -- ETALIS: Rule-Based Reasoning in Event Processing -- Introduction -- Problem Statement. , Syntax -- Declarative Semantics -- Operational Semantics -- Event Consumption Policies -- Consumption Policies Defined on Time Points -- Consumption Policies Defined on Time Intervals -- Implementation and Experimental Results -- Related Work -- Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- GINSENG Data Processing Framework -- Introduction and Motivation -- System Architecture -- Core Components -- Core Technology -- Data Processing Framework -- Business Rules Engine -- BRM and Publish/Subscribe -- BRE and ESP -- Domain Specific Languages for Rule Definitions -- Performance Control in Data Processing Framework -- Performance Monitoring Infrastructure -- Performance and Data Quality Algebra -- Performance Improvement -- Related Work -- Middleware Technology -- Publish/Subscribe Communication -- Event Stream Processing -- Business Rules Engines -- Summary -- References -- Security Policy and Information Sharing in Distributed Event-Based Systems -- Introduction -- Integrating Access Control into Event-Based Systems -- Event Type Specification and Ownership in a Single Domain -- Event Communication: Advertise, Publish and Subscribe -- Role-Based Access Control -- OASIS Role-Based Access Control -- Access Control Policy for Publish/Subscribe Clients -- Multi-domain Security Architecture -- Management of Event Names, Types and Policies -- Inter-domain Communication Control -- End-to-End Security with Information Flow Control -- Distributed Information Flow Control -- Event Security with DIFC -- Enforcing OASIS Security with DIFC -- Reasoning about Event Security -- Policy-Based Reasoning -- Event Security Reasoning with DIFC Labels -- Conclusions -- References -- Generalization of Events and Rules to Support Advanced Applications -- Introduction -- Alternative Actions -- Event Generalization -- Interval-Based Semantics -- Generalization of Events. , Potentialvs.ActualEvents -- Event Detection Modes -- Binary Event Operator Semantics -- Ternary Event Operator Semantics -- ECAA Rule Specification -- Event Detection Graph Extensions -- Extended Event Detection Graph -- Distributed Event Processing and Reasoning -- Distributed Event Processing -- Reasoning -- Conclusions -- References -- Pattern Detection in Extremely Resource-Constrained Devices -- Introduction -- Objectives, Motivation and Contributions -- Review ofWork in Pattern Detection inWSAN Data -- Spacecraft and Telemetry Data -- Environmental Pattern Detection -- Spatial Structure Pattern Detection -- Data Centre Monitoring and Context-Aware Computing -- Network Monitoring and Intrusion Detection -- Symbolic and Stochastic Pattern Detection -- Temporal Pattern Detection Using a Symbolic Representation -- Spatial Pattern Detection and Source Location Estimation -- Conclusions -- References -- Smart Patient Care -- Introduction -- Contributions -- Chapter Outline -- The Technology -- Oracle Database -- Other Technologies -- Architecture -- Implementation -- Event Triggering -- Rules Evaluation -- Rules Customization -- Rules Composability -- Data Mining Integration -- Alternatives -- State ofWork -- Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- The Principle of Immanence in Event-Based Distributed Systems -- Introduction -- The Principle of Immanence -- Immanence on the Web -- Background -- Virtual Collaborative Environments on GRID -- VO Management Models -- GRID and MAS Convergence -- Discussion -- About AGORA -- AGORA Conceptual Model -- Persistent Core Services -- Four Interaction Mechanisms -- Experimentation on AGORA -- Conclusion -- References -- Context-Based Event Processing Systems -- Introduction: Context in Event Processing Modeling -- Temporal Context -- Fixed Temporal Interval -- Event Interval -- Sliding Fixed Interval. , Sliding Event Interval -- Spatial Context -- Fixed Location -- Entity Distance Location -- Event Distance Location -- Segmentation Oriented Context -- State-Oriented Context -- Context Composition -- Context Realization within Current Event Processing Products -- Stream Base StreamSQL -- Oracle EPL -- RuleCore Reakt -- Sybase Aleri -Coral8 and CCL -- IBM Websphere Business Events -- Conclusion -- References -- Event Processing over Uncertain Data -- Introduction -- Preliminaries -- Event Processing -- Uncertainty Management Mechanisms -- Taxonomy of Event Uncertainty -- Dimensions of Event Uncertainty -- Causes of Event Uncertainty -- Handling Uncertainty at the Source -- Probability Theory-Based Representation -- Fuzzy Set Theory-Based Representation -- Handling Inference Uncertainty -- Event Inferencing Using Probability Theory -- Event Inferencing Using Fuzzy Set Theory -- Algorithms for Uncertain Inferencing -- Inference Example -- Conclusions -- References -- Index.

Note: Title Page -- Preface -- Introduction -- Contents -- Part I: Design of Adaptive Learning Systems -- Reuse of Data Flow Designs in Complex and Adaptive CSCL Scripts: A Case Study -- Introduction -- Background -- The Data Flow Problem in Learning Design and the Composition-Based Approach -- Data Flow Approaches and the Reuse Dimension -- The LeadFlow4LD Design Methodology -- MOSAIC Case Study -- A LeadFlow4LD Implementation of MOSAIC Scenario -- Discussion -- An Abstract Workflow Template-Based Approach -- Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- System Orchestration Support for a Collaborative Blended Learning Flow -- Introduction -- Description of a Previous Experimental Study -- Description of the Experiment: Meeting the Campus Together -- Overview of the Results of the Experiment -- Limitations on the Orchestration Tasks -- System for the Scripted Orchestration -- Course Flow Management Technologies -- The Scripted Course Flow -- Technical Details of the Scripted Flow -- Results Analysis of the Solution: A Simulation -- Conclusions -- References -- Adaptive Collaboration Scripting with IMS LD -- Introduction -- CSCL Scripts - Theory and Adaptation -- Related Work -- Proposed Extensions to IMS LD -- Examples -- Modelling Group Work -- Groups -- Artefacts -- Sequencing- and Execution Flow- Specification -- Environments and Collaboration Contexts -- Services -- Service Selection -- Functions -- Permissions -- Monitoring Execution and Reacting to State Changes -- Run-Time Model -- Event Handling -- Exception Handling -- Adaptive Interventions -- Basic Adaptation Actions -- Advanced Adaptation Mechanisms -- Summary and Outlook -- References -- Extending IMS-LD Capabilities: A Review, a Proposed Framework and Implementation Cases -- Introduction -- Background -- AICLS Systems and Adaptation Patterns. , A Review of IMS-LD Based Adaptation Attempts -- AICLS Reference Framework: IRMO and MAPIS -- Requirements from an AICLS Framework -- MAPIS: Architecture for Implementing Adaptations with IMS-LD -- MAPIS Case Studies: Adaptations Expressed in IMS-LD -- Trigger Peer Interactions -- Discussion and Future Work -- References -- Prototype Tools for the Flexible Design of CSCL Activities Based on the Adaptation Pattern Perspective -- Introduction -- Supporting Collaboration -- Collaboration Scripts and the Need for Flexibility -- Adaptive Collaboration Support -- Research Motivation -- Adaptation Patterns -- The Nature of Adaptation Patterns -- The DeACS Methodology -- Adaptation Pattern Analysis -- The FlexCoLAB System -- Authoring Environment -- Student Environment -- PPR (Pyramid Peer Review) -- The Core Idea -- Design Analysis- The Design Axes -- System Architecture -- The Case Study -- Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- Adapting the Collaborative Strategy 'Students Team Achievement Divisions' in an Information Technology Work Place -- Introduction -- Background -- LAMS -- Student - Teams - Achievement - Divisions (STAD) -- Adaptation -- Design of an Adaptive STAD Online Learning Activity in LAMS -- Phase 1: Introduction to the Learning Activity -- Phase 2: Personal Assessment -- Phase 3: Adaptive Group Formation -- Phase 4: Adaptive Individual Learning and Group Collaboration -- Phase 5: Adaptive Collaborative Group Report Preparation -- Phase 6: Group Report Presentation -- Phase 7: Team Assessment -- Phase 8: Adaptive Individual Assessment -- Phase 9: Praise for Best Group Reports -- Implementing the 2nd Phase of the Adaptive Collaborative Method STAD: Determining Learners-Employees' Learning Styles within the Context of an IT Work Place -- Aims of the Approach -- The Framework of the Legal Council of the Hellenic State. , Research Tools and Methodology -- Presentation-Annotation of the Aggregate Results of the Survey -- Summary and Future Work -- References -- Part II: Interactive and IntelligentLearning Systems -- Examining the Interrelation between the Interaction Analysis and Adaptation Research Fields within Communication-Based Collaborative Learning Activities: Convergence, Divergence or Complementarity? -- Introduction -- Computer-Based Interaction Analysis (IA) -- State of the Art -- Adaptation in CSCL -- Flexibility and Interoperability of IA Tools -- Discussion -- References -- Making Adaptations of CSCL Scripts by Analyzing Learners' Online Behavior -- Introduction -- Interaction Analysis -- Interaction Analysis Indicators -- Interaction Analysis Tools -- An Example: Adapting a Learning Script Based on a TPS Strategy Using IA Techniques -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- Behavioural Prototyping©: Making Interactive and Intelligent Systems Meaningful for the User -- Background -- Psychological Perspectives -- Interactivity and Intelligence -- Problem Solving and Learning -- Affordances and the Nature of Perceived Use -- Shortcomings of Designs: The Importance of Behavioural Profiles -- Prototypes and Archetypes -- Inclusive Design -- Formalized Behavioural Prototyping© -- Conclusion: Strengths of the Framework -- References -- The Design of a Teacher-Driven Intelligent Agent System for Supervising Lessons in LAMS -- Introduction -- Monitoring and Supervising the Learning Process and the Collaboration in LMSs -- Related Work -- Supporting the Supervisor of a Lesson in LAMS -- An Agent-Based Architecture for Intelligent Monitoring and Supervising of Lessons in LAMS -- The Scheduler Agent -- The Monitoring Agent -- The User Notification Agent -- Examples of Rules Producing Feedback Messages -- Feedback Messages Taxonomy -- Alert Messages. , Awareness Messages -- Evaluation Reports and Messages for Learners and Activities -- Response of the Messaging System to a Learning Scenario -- An Evaluation Scenario -- Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- The Text-Based Computer-Mediated Communication in Distance Education Fora: A Modelling Approach Based on Formal Languages -- Introduction -- Theoretical Framework -- Generally -- The Complexity of Text Based Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) -- Theoretical Approaches -- Methodological Framework -- HOU Fora and Choices Justification -- Modelling of HOU Distance Education Forum -- System Development -- Data Filtering -- Roots Files Storage -- String Output -- System Integration -- Exemplary Operation -- Input -- Output -- Experiments -- Phase A -- Phase B -- Discussion -- References -- Part III: Collaborative Learning Systems -- Antecedents of Collaborative Learning in Massively Multiplayer Online Games -- Introduction -- Theoretical Background: MMOGs and Collaborative Learning -- Research Methodology -- Data Collection -- Data Analysis -- Tasks, Groups and the Player Community -- Tasks and Activities -- Team Practices -- Community Practices and the Social Environment -- Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- Validating Empirically a Rating Approach for Quantifying the Quality of Collaboration -- Introduction -- Collaborative Setting -- Determining Relations between Dimensions of Collaboration Quality -- The Rating Approach -- Rating Scheme -- Rating Process -- Reliability of Ratings -- Relations between Dimensions of Collaboration Quality -- Multidimensional Scaling of Dimensions of Collaboration Quality -- Results and Internal Validation of the MDS Algorithm -- Interpretation of the MDS Results -- Conclusions and Further Research -- References. , Internet-Mediated Communities of Practice: Identifying a Typology of Critical Elements -- Introduction -- Conceptual Foundations -- Historical Overview and Theory of Communities of Practice -- Internet-Mediated Communities of Practice -- Research Framework -- Methodology -- Results -- Discussion -- References -- Author Index.

Note: Title Page -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- User-Centred Evaluation and Organisational Acceptability of a Distributed Repository to Support Communities of Learners -- Introduction -- Background -- Context -- Related Work -- Introduction to EERN and DELTA -- Methodological Background -- EERN/DELTA Goals -- DELTA/EERN Architecture -- DELTA's User Interface -- Methods Used in Phase 1 and Phase 2 -- Phase 1: EERN Evaluation and Analysis -- Phase 2: UBERN Evaluation and Analysis -- Results and Discussion -- Phase 1: EERN -- Phase 2: UBERN -- Towards a Fully Decentralized Learning Repository -- Summative Evaluation and Conclusions -- Future Work -- References -- Facebook as a Collaborative Platform in Higher Education: The Case Study of the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya -- Introduction -- State of the Art -- Open Social Learning and 2.0 Social Networks -- Uses of Facebook in Higher Education: Background -- Objectives -- The Learning Methodology -- Assessment Methodologies -- Analysis of the Experience at a Quantitative Level -- Qualitative Approach: A Virtual Ethnography in the Facebook Context -- Results -- Conclusions -- References -- Development and Implementation of an Enterprise Learning Architecture for Collaborative Learning -- Introduction -- E-Warehouse: A Framework For Learning -- Implementation of Collaborative Environment -- Curriculum Development -- Pedagogical Materials and Data Warehouse -- Assessment of Student Learning -- Sample Learning Context -- Learning Pillars -- Description of the SCM Pillar -- Description of the PLM Pillar -- Integration with Other Learning Pillars: E-Warehouse Roof: SCM / PLM Integration -- Management Environment for E-Warehouse -- Design -- Creating a Learning Pillar Using AdminTool -- Future Work -- Conclusions -- References. , A Rational Framework for Student Interactions with Collaborative Educational Systems -- Introduction -- A Rational Model of Procrastination -- The Impact of Procrastination on Collaboration -- Data -- Measurement -- Results -- Increased Activity -- Diminished Performance -- Efforts to Overcome Low Performance -- A Few Illustrative Cases -- Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- Interaction Analysis as a Tool for Supporting Collaboration: An Overview -- Introduction -- Analysis and Evaluation for the Support of Collaborative Learning Activities -- A Framework for Interaction Analysis and Evaluation Techniques -- Top-Down Automatic Interaction Analysis Techniques -- Automated Interaction Analysis Based on Event Logs -- Automated Interaction Analysis Based on Event Logs and a Priori Annotations of Verbal Content -- Interaction Analysis Techniques with the Aid of Human Evaluators -- Coding schemes -- Rating schemes -- Trained Automatic Interaction Analysis Based on Human Evaluations -- Automated Interaction Analysis Trained on Coded Data -- Automated Interaction Analysis Trained on Rated Data -- Conclusions -- References -- CLFP Intrinsic Constraints-Based Group Management of Blended Learning Situations -- Introduction -- Flexible Solutions for Supporting CSCL Scripts -- Flexibility as Disjunction of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Constraints -- Limitations in Supporting Group Management in Collaborative Blended Learning Scenarios -- Considering the Intrinsic Constraints of Two IMS LD CLFPs -- Flexibility Constraints for TAPPS and Jigsaw -- Jigsaw and TAPPS CLFPs -- Representing the Intrinsic Constraints with IMS LD -- Supporting Flexibility for Group Management: A Web-Based Tool -- A Web-Based Application -- The Architecture -- Preliminary User Study Evaluation -- Description of the User Study -- Results -- Future Developments. , Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- A Pedagogical Approach for Collaborative Ontologies Building -- Introduction to Collaborative Learning Ontology -- About Collaborative Building of Ontologies -- Collaborative Ontology Authoring Tools -- Social Space for Ontology Maturing and Nurturing -- A CSCL Driven Model for Collaborative Ontology Construction and Maturing -- Top Down Approach for the Collaborative Ontology Construction: To Increase the Value of Teachers' Contribution -- Collaborative Ontology Construction Scenarios -- A Tool for the Collaborative Building of Ontologies -- Bottom Up Collaborative Ontologies Building: To Increase the Value of Students' Contribution -- Ontology Extraction and Validation from a Semantic Space -- Assessment of the Contribution Derived by Group Activities over Terms and Concepts Defined in Educational Ontology -- Text Analysis, Network Text Analysis and Ontology Comparison -- Conclusions -- References -- A Model-Based Approach to Designing Educational Multiplayer Video Games -- Introduction -- The VGSCL System -- Goals -- Tasks -- Interaction -- Modeling the VGSCL System -- Models of Educational Content -- Models for Recreational Content -- Model to Relate Educational and Recreational Contents: The General Tasks and Goals Model -- User Modeling -- Recording Information in the Models -- Conclusions and Further Work -- References -- A Framework to Foster Collaboration between Students through a Computer Supported Collaborative Learning Environment -- Introduction -- On Adapting Collaborative Frameworks -- Component-Based Adaptive Framework -- Adaptation to Foreseeable Situations -- Adaptation for Unforeseen Situations -- From the Framework to a Prototype -- Framework Components Mapping -- Implementation Details for the Prototype -- Formative Evaluation of the Prototype -- Experience Description. , Information Obtained from the Questionnaires -- Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- Apt to Adapt: Micro- and Macro-Level Adaptation in Educational Games -- Introduction -- Around an Inspiring Virtual Learning World -- Micro Level Assessment -- Micro Level Interventions -- Meta-cognitive Interventions -- Cognitive Interventions -- Motivational Interventions -- Adaptation by Interactive Storytelling -- Collaborative Learning -- Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- A Collaborative and Adaptive Design Pattern of the Jigsaw Method within Learning Design-Based E-Learning Systems -- Introduction -- The Rationale -- LAMS -- The Jigsaw Collaborative Method -- Adaptation -- Design of the Jigsaw Adaptive Online Learning Activity -- Summary and Future Research Plans -- References -- Recommendation of Learning Material through Students´ Collaboration and User Modeling in an Adaptive E-Learning Environment -- Introduction -- Related Works -- AdaptWeb® Environment -- Integrating Recommendation Mechanism to AdaptWeb® -- Multi-Criteria Ontology for Learning Materials -- The Collaboration Process -- Scenario of Use -- Conclusions -- References -- Modeling Adaptation Patterns in the Context of Collaborative Learning: Case Studies of IMS-LD Based Implementation -- Introduction -- Background -- Adaptation Patterns: Adaptivity in Systems for Collaborative Learning -- Modeling Adaptation Patterns -- The Basics of LD: Adaptivity Capabilities and Limitations -- IMS-LD and APs Case Studies: APs Expressed in IMS-LD -- Advance the Advanced -- Lack of Confidence -- Group Heterogeneity Based on Prior Domain Knowledge -- Discussion and Future Work -- Conclusion -- References -- Author Index.

Note: Title -- Preface -- Contents -- Part I Foundations and Principles -- Coordination Mechanisms in Complex Software Systems -- Introduction -- Related Work -- Coordination Theory -- Coordination Models -- Linda Coordination Frameworks -- Use Case Description -- Space-Based Computing -- Evaluation -- Java Message Service -- Linda Tuple Space -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Ant Colony Optimization and Data Mining -- Introduction -- State-of-the-Art -- Ant Colony Optimization State-of-the-Art -- Data Mining State-of-the-Art Elements -- ACO and DM State-of-the-Art -- Ant Colony Optimization -- Data Mining -- Classification -- Clustering -- Ant Colony Optimization and Data Mining Techniques -- Data Classification and Ant Colony Optimization -- Data Clustering and Ant Colony Optimization -- Applications and Examples -- Conclusions -- Future Trends -- Key Terms -- References -- OpenSEA: A Framework for Semantic Interoperation between Enterprises -- Introduction -- OpenSEA -- TOGAF - The Upper Ontology for OpenSEA -- ISO 24707:2007 - The Meta-ontology for OpenSEA -- OpenSEA - Developing an Upper Ontology with CL -- Interlinked Domains -- Developing an Upper Ontology from TOGAF -- Sowa's Conceptual Catalogue -- Modelling Relationships within TOGAF9 -- Nested Graphs -- Contextualisation of Information -- OpenSEA and the Cloud -- OpenSEA and Web3.0 -- OpenSEA and the Software Engineer -- Further Investigations -- Integration of OpenSEA and GoodRelations -- Knowledge, Inference and Information Generation through OpenSEA -- Conclusion -- www.Open-SEA.org -- References -- Building Collective Tag Intelligence through Folksonomy Coordination -- Introduction -- From Folksonomies to Collective Tag Intelligence -- Tag Classification Approaches -- Similarity-Based Search Approaches -- Contributions of the Chapter. , Normalization Techniques for Collective Tag Intelligence Extraction -- Tag Equivalence Clusters -- Semantic Relations -- Linguistic Relations -- Terminological Relations -- Normalization Techniques -- Similarity-Based Techniques for Tag Matching -- Syntactic Similarity Function -- Semantic Similarity Function -- Terminological Similarity Function -- Linguistic Similarity Function -- Evaluation and Application to a Real Scenario -- Evaluation Issues -- An Example of Similarity-Based Resource Retrieval -- Conclusions -- References -- Trust-Based Techniques for Collective Intelligence in Social Search Systems -- Introduction -- State-of-the-Art: Distributed Decision-Making and Collaboration -- Computational Trust -- Computational Models of Trust -- Social Search -- Computational Trust to Enhance Social Search Ranking: A Practical Study-Case -- The Functioning -- Computational Trust to Enhance the Social Search Engine -- Leveraging Users' Features to Rank Pages -- Performance Criteria -- The Experimental Results -- Navigational Queries -- Enhancement of Past Performance -- Baseline Results without Trust Function -- Experiment 1 - with Past Performance -- Experiment 2 - No Past Performance -- Future Direction and Open Issues -- References -- Part II Advanced Models and Practices -- Visualising Computational Intelligence through Converting Data into Formal Concepts -- Introduction -- Formal Concept Analysis -- Formal Concept Analysis Scaling -- Formal Context Formats -- Large Data Sets -- Interpreting Data for FCA -- Data Discretisation -- Data Booleanisation -- FcaBedrock -- Concept and Lattice Generation -- Dealing with Concept Simplification and Complexity -- An Overall Process -- Performance Considerations -- CUBIST -- Semantic Web, RDF and OWL -- Conclusion -- References -- Constructing Ensemble Classifiers from GEP-Induced Expression Trees. , Introduction -- Using Gene Expression Programming to Induce Classifiers -- Ensemble Classifiers -- AdaBoost-Based Ensemble Classifier with GEP Learning (AB-GEP) -- AdaBoost-Based Ensemble Classifiers with Cellular GEP Learning (AB-cGEP) -- Majority-Voting-Based Ensemble Classifier with GEP Learning (MV-GEP and MVC-GEP) -- Majority-Voting-Based Ensemble Classifier with Cellular GEP Learning (MV-cGEP) -- Triplet Mass Function-Based Ensemble Classifier with GEP Learning (TMF-GEP) -- Computational Experiment Results -- Conclusions -- References -- Self-Organized Load Balancing through Swarm Intelligence -- Introduction -- Related Approaches -- SILBA Framework -- Basic SILBA -- Extended SILBA -- Swarm Based Algorithms -- Bee Algorithm -- Ant Algorithms -- Benchmarks -- Basic SILBA Benchmarks -- Extended SILBA Benchmarks -- Conclusion -- References -- Computational Intelligence in Future Wireless and Mobile Communications by Employing Channel Prediction Technology -- Introduction -- Spread Spectrum Communications -- Direct Sequencing Spread Spectrum -- Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) -- Channel Coding -- Representations for LDPC Codes -- Proposed Channel Prediction Scheme -- The Algorithm -- Spectrum Analysis of the Proposed MCFH-SS System -- Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF) -- Adjacent Channel Power -- Interference Analysis of the Proposed MCFH-SS System -- Interference Analyzer -- Spectrogram and Received Signal Strength -- Conclusions -- References -- Decision Making under Synchronous Time Stress among Bilateral Decision Makers -- Introduction -- Motivations -- Definitions -- Contributions and Limitations -- Structure -- Formulas -- Cost of Time -- Strategic Points -- Case Study -- Case -- Participant Record -- Entire Duration of a Certain Process for Decision Making -- Elapsed Time Record -- Prices of Individual Items. , Discussions -- Results -- Elements -- Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- Augmenting Human Intelligence in Goal Oriented Tasks -- Introduction -- Theoretical Foundation -- Knowledge Representation Ontology -- Knowledge Acquisition -- Agents -- AGUIA: An Intelligence Amplification Model Based on Agents Active on Demand -- AGUIA for Amplifying Human Intelligence -- ADD: AGUIA for Exploration of Options Guided by Models -- AGUIA for Script-Based Ontology Sensemaking -- AGUIA for Keeping User Awareness of Changes in Context -- AGUIA for Knowledge Amplification -- HYRIWYG: How You Rate Influences What You Get -- KA-CAPTCHA for Implicit Knowledge Acquisition -- Related Work -- Conclusion -- References -- Part IIIAdvanced Applications -- Clouds and Continuous Analytics Enabling Social Networks for Massively Multiplayer Online Games -- Introduction -- Mission: Continuous Analytics for MMOGs -- Goal -- Challenges -- Other Applications -- Related Work -- General Data Collection and Mining -- Data Collection and Mining Using On-Demand Resources -- The CAMEO Architecture -- Overview -- Workflow -- Addressing the Challenges of Continuous MMOG Analytics -- Experimental Setup -- CAMEO Implementation -- MMOG Case Study: RuneScape -- Cloud Infrastructure -- Experimental Results -- Understanding User Community Needs -- Enabling and Using Distributed and Collaborative Technology -- Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Adaptive Fuzzy Inference Neural Network System for EEG and Stabilometry Signals Classification -- Introduction and Background -- EEG -- Stabilometry -- Objectives and Contributions -- Data Selection and Recording -- EEG -- Stabilometry -- Architecture of AFINN -- Training Procedure for AFINN -- Evaluation -- Evaluation of the Model Generation Method -- Evaluation of AFINN -- Discussion of Results -- Conclusions -- References. , Demand on Computational Intelligence Paradigms Synergy -- Introduction -- Challenges and Current Position of SOA in Mobile World -- Components and Integrated Technology Stack for the Next Generation Mobility Architecture -- The Architecture Planning and Design -- SOA for Mobile Applications - Practical Handling Use Cases -- Mobile SOA Implemented in University e-Learning Environment -- SOA-Based Service "Customer Search" -- "Applications - End-Devices" Connection Models -- First Scenario - Connecting via Servlets -- Second Scenario - SOA-Based -- SOA Approach to Write Mobile Clients Using Remote Services -- Mathematical Model of Logical Architecture for the Mobile Connectivity Services -- Structural Design and Implementation -- General Definitions of Queuing Systems Used -- Conclusions -- References -- Evolutionary Algorithms towards Generating Entertaining Games -- Introduction -- Our Contribution -- Background Work -- Board Based Games -- Video Games -- Theories on Entertainment -- Search Space -- Board Based Games -- Predator/Prey Games -- Structure of the Chromosome -- Board Based Games -- Predator/Prey Games -- Fitness Function -- Board Based Games -- Predator/Prey Games -- Software Agents -- Random Agent -- Agent Using Min-Max with Rule Based Evaluation Function -- Agents for Predator/Prey Games -- Experiments -- Board Based Games -- Predator Prey Games -- Conclusion -- References -- Leveraging Massive User Contributions for Knowledge Extraction -- Introduction -- Related Work -- Tag Clustering and Community Detection -- Temporal Tag Analysis -- Image Analysis Using Collaborative Data -- Tag Clustering through Community Detection in Tag Networks -- Description of MultiSCAN -- Evaluation of Tag Clustering -- Time-Aware Tag/User Co-clustering -- The Proposed Framework -- Evaluation of Time-Aware User/Tag Co-clustering. , Enhancing Image Analysis Using Collaborative Data.

Note: Intro -- Preface by Editors -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Exploring the Hamming Distance in Distributed Infrastructures for Similarity Search -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 2.1 Vector Space Model -- 2.2 Random Hyperplane Hashing and Hamming Similarity -- 3 Literature Review -- 4 Similarity Search Based on Hamming Distance -- 4.1 Hamming DHT -- 4.2 HCube -- 5 Evaluations -- 5.1 Hamming Similarity -- 5.2 Hamming DHT -- 5.3 HCube -- 6 Conclusions and Further Research Issues -- References -- Data Modeling for Socially Based Routing in Opportunistic Networks -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Opportunistic Networks -- 2.1 Definition -- 2.2 Challenges -- 2.3 Use Cases -- 3 Data Routing and Dissemination -- 3.1 Basic Algorithms -- 3.2 Socially Based Algorithms -- 3.3 History-and Prediction-Based Algorithms -- 4 Potential Solutions -- 4.1 SPRINT -- 4.2 SENSE -- 5 Future Trends -- 6 Conclusions -- Decision Tree Induction Methods and Their Application to Big Data -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Preliminary Concepts and Background -- 3 Subtasks and Design Criteria for Decision Tree Induction -- 4 Attribute Selection Criteria -- 4.1 Information Gain Criterion and Gain Ratio -- 4.2 Gini Function -- 5 Discretization of Attribute Values -- 5.1 Binary Discretization -- 5.2 Multi-interval Discretization -- 5.3 Discretization of Categorical or Symbolical Attributes -- 6 Pruning -- 6.1 Overview about Pruning Methods -- 6.2 An Example of a Pruning Method - Cost-Complexity Pruning -- 7 Fitting Expert Knowledge into the Decision Tree Model, Improvement of Classification Performance, and Feature Subset Selection -- 8 How to Interpret a Learnt Decision Tree? -- 8.1 Quantitative Measures for the Quality of the Decision Tree Model -- 8.2 Comparison of Two Decision Trees -- 9 Conclusions -- References. , Sensory Data Gathering for Road Traffic Monitoring: Energy Efficiency, Reliability, and Fault Tolerance -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Survey -- 3 Convergecast Tree Management Scheme -- 3.1 System Model and Assumptions -- 3.2 Initialization -- 3.3 Tree Maintenance -- 3.4 Convergecast Controller -- 4 Simulation Result -- 5 Conclusion and Future Directions of Research -- References -- Data Aggregation and Forwarding Route Control for Efficient Data Gathering in Dense Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Assumptions -- 2.1 System Environment -- 2.2 Geo-Routing -- 3 Related Work -- 3.1 Location-Based DataManagement in Dense MANETs -- 3.2 Data Gathering Utilizing Correlation of Data in Wireless Sensor Networks -- 4 DGUMA: Our Previous Method -- 4.1 Mobile Agent -- 4.2 Deployment of Mobile Agents -- 4.3 Movement of Mobile Agent -- 4.4 Transmission of Sensor Data -- 5 DGUMA/DA: The Extended Method -- 5.1 Outline -- 5.2 Timer Setting -- 5.3 Transmission of Sensor Data -- 5.4 Forwarding Route Control -- 5.5 Restoring Sensor Readings at the Sink -- 6 Discussion -- 6.1 Overhead Generated by the Forwarding Route Control -- 6.2 Traffic for Data Gathering Using Lengthwise Tree in the Lengthwise Distribution -- 6.3 Traffic for Data Gathering Using Crosswise Tree in the Crosswise Distribution -- 6.4 Traffic Generated by Data Gathering Using Lengthwise Tree in the Crosswise Distribution -- 6.5 The Relation between the Performance Gain and the Overhead Generated by the Forwarding Route Control -- 7 Simulation Experiments -- 7.1 Simulation Model -- 7.2 Validation of the Discussion in Section 6 -- 7.3 Performance Evaluation of DGUMA/DA -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- P2P Data Replication: Techniques and Applications -- 1 Introduction -- 2 P2PSystems -- 3 Data Replication and Update Management in P2P Systems -- 3.1 Data Replication Update Management. , 3.2 Data Replication Techniques in P2P -- 4 Replication Requirements and Solutions for Different Applications -- 4.1 Consistency and Limits to Replication -- 4.2 Context and Uses of Data Replication -- 5 A Fuzzy-Based System for Evaluating Data Replication Factor -- 5.1 Fuzzy Logic -- 5.2 Proposed System -- 5.3 Simulation Results -- 6 Discussion and Analysis -- 6.1 Setting Up a Replication Plan -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- Leveraging High-Performance Computing Infrastructures to Web Data Analytic Applications by Means of Message-Passing Interface -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data-Centric Parallelisation with MPI -- 3 OMPIJava - Java Bindings for Open MPI -- 4 OMPIJava Performance Evaluation -- 5 Parallelisation of Random Indexing with MPI -- 6 Performance Analysis Tools -- 7 Conclusion and Future Directions -- References -- ReHRS: A Hybrid Redundant System for Improving MapReduce Reliability and Availability -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background and Related Work -- 2.1 Background -- 2.2 Related Work -- 3 The Proposed System -- 3.1 Metadata -- 3.2 State/Metadata Synchronization -- 3.3 Periodical P-Metadata Backup/Update -- 3.4 Failure Detection -- 3.5 Dynamic Warmup Mechanism -- 3.6 Takeover Process -- 4 Performance Evaluation -- 4.1 Takeover Delays Evaluation -- 4.2 Warmup Performance Evaluation -- 5 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Analysis and Visualization of Large-Scale Time Series Network Data -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Big Data Applications -- 2.1 Environmental Sustainability -- 2.2 Data Mining for Trend Identification -- 2.3 Sensor Networks and Visualization -- 2.4 Network Application Design -- 2.5 Big Data Analysis for Environmental Sustainability -- 3 Visualization and Pattern Identification in Big Data -- 3.1 Large-Scale Data for Visualization -- 3.2 Time Series Data Analysis -- 3.3 Methodology -- 4 Preparing Big D Data for Analysis. , 5 RapidMiner vs. Weka vs. Orange -- 6 Mining the Data -- 7 Visual Inspectio on of Raw Data -- 8 Visualization an nd Presentation in Context -- 9 Conclusions -- References -- Parallel Coordinates Version of Time-Tunnel (PCTT) and Its Combinatorial Use for Macro to Micro Level Visual Analytics of Multidimensional Data -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Essential Mechanisms of IntelligentBox -- 3.1 Model-Display Object (MD) Structure -- 3.2 Message-Sending Protocol for Slot-Connections -- 4 Time-Tunnel and Its Parallel Coordinates Version -- 4.1 System Configuration -- 4.2 Parallel Coordinates Version of Time-Tunnel (PCTT) -- 4.3 2Dto2D Visualization Functionality -- 5 Network Data Visualization Using PCTT with 2Dto2D Visualization -- 5.1 IP Packet Data -- 5.2 PCTT with 2Dto2D Visualization for IP Packet Data -- 5.3 Intrusion Detection -- 6 Combinatorial Use of PCTT for Macro Level to Micro Level Visual Analytics -- 7 Other Visualization Examples -- 8 Conclusion and Remarks -- References -- Towards a Big Data Analytics Framework for IoT and Smart City Applications -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background: Big Data and the Internet of Things -- 2.1 The Various Faces of Big Data -- 2.2 Internet of Things -- 3 State of the Art -- 3.1 Big Data -- 3.2 Batch Processing -- 3.3 Real-Time Analytics -- 4 The Big Smart City Integration Challenges -- 4.1 Integration of Batch and Stream Processing -- 4.2 Integration of Heterogeneous Data Sources -- 4.3 Natural Text and Social Media Analysis -- 5 Case Study: Smart Grid Analytics -- 5.1 Power Quality Analytics -- 5.2 Real-Time Grid Monitoring -- 5.3 Forecasting Energy Demand -- 5.4 Lessons Learned -- 6 Unified Big Data Processing -- 6.1 Model Learning in the Batch Layer -- 6.2 Viewing Data Patterns in the Serving Layer -- 6.3 In-Stream Analytics in the Streaming Layer -- 6.4 Accessing the Data in the Application Layer. , 7 Further Research Directions -- 8 Conclusions -- References -- How the Big Data Is Leading the Evolution of ICT Technologies and Processes -- 1 Introduction -- 2 What Is the Big Data -- 2.1 Telecommunication Services -- 2.2 The Social Wave -- 2.3 Science and Research -- 2.4 Government and Public Sector -- 2.5 Internet of Things -- 2.6 Clouds -- 3 The Big Data Opportunity -- 3.1 Bringing Value -- 3.2 The Big Data Value across Sectors -- 4 The Impact of Big Data on Technologies -- 4.1 Big Data and Technologies -- 4.2 Storage Costs and Efficiency -- 5 Big Data Management and Analytics -- 5.1 Database Architectures for Big Data Processing -- 5.2 The MapReduce Paradigm -- 5.3 Hybrid Solutions -- 5.4 The Hadoop Processing Framework -- 5.5 Big Data Analytics -- 5.6 Results Visualization -- 6 Big Data Models -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Big Data, Unstructured Data, and the Cloud: Perspectives on Internal Controls -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Preliminary Concepts and Definitions -- 3 State of the Art -- 3.1 The Advantages of Cloud Services -- 3.2 The Disadvantages of Cloud Services -- 3.3 Data Storage and the Cloud -- 3.4 The Use and Frequency of Unstructured Data -- 4 Problems, Issues, and Challenges -- 4.1 Self-performed Audit Procedures -- 4.2 Third-Party (Service) Audit Procedures -- 4.3 Other Procedures -- 4.4 Timescales and Logistical Concerns -- 5 Proposed Approach and Solutions -- 5.1 Background to the Survey -- 5.2 The Survey -- 5.3 Survey Results -- 5.4 Interpretation and Analysis of the Results -- 6 Summary Evaluations and Lessons Learned -- 7 Further Research Issues -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- Future Human-Centric Smart Environments -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Main Challenges for Achieving Livable Smart Cities -- 2.1 IoT Technologies -- 2.2 Trusted IoT -- 2.3 Smart City Management and Services -- 2.4 User Involvement -- 3 User Centric IoT Systems. , 3.1 Human Centered Perspective.