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  • 2010-2014  (2)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2013-09-04
    Description: Purpose: The mutation load in melanoma is generally high compared with other tumor types due to extensive UV damage. Translation of exome sequencing data into clinically relevant information is therefore challenging. This study sought to characterize mutations identified in primary cutaneous melanomas and correlate these with clinicopathologic features. Experimental Design: DNA was extracted from 34 fresh-frozen primary cutaneous melanomas and matched peripheral blood. Tumor histopathology was reviewed by two dermatopathologists. Exome sequencing was conducted and mutation rates were correlated with age, sex, tumor site, and histopathologic variables. Differences in mutations between categories of solar elastosis, pigmentation, and BRAF / NRAS mutational status were investigated. Results: The average mutation rate was 12 per megabase, similar to published results in metastases. The average mutation rate in severely sun damaged (SSD) skin was 21 per Mb compared with 3.8 per Mb in non-SSD skin ( P = 0.001). BRAF/NRAS wild-type (WT) tumors had a higher average mutation rate compared with BRAF/NRAS –mutant tumors (27 vs. 5.6 mutations per Mb; P = 0.0001). Tandem CC〉TT/GG〉AA mutations comprised 70% of all dinucleotide substitutions and were more common in tumors arising in SSD skin ( P = 0.0008) and in BRAF/NRAS WT tumors ( P = 0.0007). Targetable and potentially targetable mutations in WT tumors, including NF1 , KIT , and NOTCH1 , were spread over various signaling pathways. Conclusion: Melanomas arising in SSD skin have higher mutation loads and contain a spectrum of molecular subtypes compared with BRAF - and NRAS -mutant tumors indicating multigene screening approaches and combination therapies may be required for management of these patients. Clin Cancer Res; 19(17); 4589–98. ©2013 AACR .
    Print ISSN: 1078-0432
    Electronic ISSN: 1557-3265
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2014-04-11
    Description: Motivation: Methods for detecting somatic genome rearrangements in tumours using next-generation sequencing are vital in cancer genomics. Available algorithms use one or more sources of evidence, such as read depth, paired-end reads or split reads to predict structural variants. However, the problem remains challenging due to the significant computational burden and high false-positive or false-negative rates. Results: In this article, we present Socrates (SOft Clip re-alignment To idEntify Structural variants), a highly efficient and effective method for detecting genomic rearrangements in tumours that uses only split-read data. Socrates has single-nucleotide resolution, identifies micro-homologies and untemplated sequence at break points, has high sensitivity and high specificity and takes advantage of parallelism for efficient use of resources. We demonstrate using simulated and real data that Socrates performs well compared with a number of existing structural variant detection tools. Availability and implementation: Socrates is released as open source and available from http://bioinf.wehi.edu.au/socrates . Contact: papenfuss@wehi.edu.au Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
    Print ISSN: 1367-4803
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2059
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Medicine
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