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  • SAGE Publications  (151)
  • 2010-2014  (151)
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  • SAGE Publications  (151)
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  • 2010-2014  (151)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Metformin and Rosiglitazone on Peripheral Insulin Resistance and β-Cell Function in Obesity: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Study
    SAGE Publications ; 2011
    In:  Journal of International Medical Research Vol. 39, No. 2 ( 2011-04), p. 358-365
    Details
    In: Journal of International Medical Research, SAGE Publications, Vol. 39, No. 2 ( 2011-04), p. 358-365
    Abstract: Metformin and rosiglitazone combination therapy is known to improve insulin resistance and postpone diabetes mellitus development in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. This double-blind, randomized, controlled study assessed this combination therapy for preventing type 2 diabetes in obese subjects with hyperinsulinaemia. Subjects received metformin (500 mg three times daily, orally) plus either rosiglitazone (4 mg once daily, orally; n = 94) or placebo ( n = 95) and were followed for 6 months. Blood pressure, body fat, body mass index (BMI), lipid and insulin levels were recorded pre-and post-treatment. Metformin plus rosiglitazone significantly decreased blood pressure, lipids, BMI, and fasting and postmeal insulin levels. Metformin plus placebo led to a significant decrease in blood pressure, BMI and lipid levels, but fasting and postmeal insulin levels were unchanged. Adverse events were similar between the two groups. The metformin and rosiglitazone combination increased insulin sensitivity and β-cell function recovered. This approach may represent a therapeutic option for preventing development of type 2 diabetes in obese subjects with hyperinsulinaemia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0300-0605 , 1473-2300
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/147323001103900203
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2082422-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Effects of Vertical Gradient of Disparity and Combination Mode of Features on the Occurrence of Double Fusion in Panum's Limiting Case
    SAGE Publications ; 2012
    In:  Perception Vol. 41, No. 11 ( 2012-11), p. 1299-1314
    Details
    In: Perception, SAGE Publications, Vol. 41, No. 11 ( 2012-11), p. 1299-1314
    Abstract: Panum's limiting case generally refers to the phenomenon that two features presented to one eye and a single feature presented to the other are combined and then perceived as two features at different depths. It is still not clear why experimental results derived from the Panum-type configuration (all lines parallel) support a double fusion viewpoint, but they do not for the Wheatstone-type configuration (one line not parallel to the others). Some experimental results support the double fusion theory, while others do not, even under a small disparity. Here we report that, under a small disparity, when the vertical gradients of the horizontal disparity of dichoptic feature pairs in previous Wheatstone-type configurations were increased or decreased, the evidence which was considered to be very convincing in previous studies, either supporting or against the double fusion viewpoint, was challenged, and even turned to support the opposite view. Moreover, it was discovered that changes in the way features were arranged altered the results. Together, these results indicate that double fusion is the common basis for all kinds of Panum-type configurations. But for the Wheatstone-type configurations double fusion is also constrained by the vertical gradient of disparity of the configurations in addition to disparity and influenced by the degree of similarity/conflict between binocular cues and monocular cues resulting from different arrangements of features.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0301-0066 , 1468-4233
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1068/p6666
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2013004-1
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Combined Numerical and Experimental Analysis on Erythrocyte Damage Mechanism in Microscale Flow
    SAGE Publications ; 2013
    In:  Advances in Mechanical Engineering Vol. 5 ( 2013-01), p. 962658-
    Details
    In: Advances in Mechanical Engineering, SAGE Publications, Vol. 5 ( 2013-01), p. 962658-
    Abstract: An experimental system was designed and completed to realize the visualization of erythrocyte suspension microscale flow in microchannel and obtain the geometric parameters. The numerical simulation of the flow in the microchannel was accomplished to obtain the distribution of the physical parameters. Combined with the experimental data, the fitted curves of the physical parameters and geometric parameters on the axis were achieved. By analyzing the energy balance of the erythrocyte, the curve of the elasticity modulus of the erythrocyte membrane was obtained. The mechanism of the hemolysis caused by collision was expounded. Besides, the comparison among different cases was completed, illustrating the influence of the flow rate on hemolysis. The result shows that the predominant force of longitudinal compression is the pressure difference per erythrocyte. The curve of the elasticity modulus indicates that the membrane elasticity rapidly decreases as the erythrocyte approaches to the wall. The erythrocyte membrane loses elasticity, indicating that the contractile protein is fragile to the compressive loading, which increases significantly with a higher flow rate, making the erythrocyte membrane more likely to fracture.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1687-8140 , 1687-8140
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2013/962658
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2501620-9
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gene Analysis of Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Lymphomas in Hu-PBL/SCID Chimeras
    SAGE Publications ; 2010
    In:  Tumori Journal Vol. 96, No. 3 ( 2010-05), p. 465-472
    Details
    In: Tumori Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 96, No. 3 ( 2010-05), p. 465-472
    Abstract: The mechanisms of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated tumor development are incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the gene expression of EBV-associated lymphomas in hu-PBL/SCID mice. Methods Human peripheral blood lymphocytes (hu-PBL) from EBV-seropositive donors were transplanted into severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. In situ hybridization was used to detect EBV-encoded small RNA-1 (EBER1) in tumor tissues. Mutation of TP53 exons 5–8 in EBV-induced lymphomas was analyzed by PCR-SSCP. Immunohistochemical staining was used to examine EBV gene products and cellular oncoproteins. Results Twenty-one of 29 mice developed tumors. EBER1 was positive in the nuclei of almost all tumor cells. Immunohistochemistry showed positive staining of LMP1, EBNA2 and ZEBRA in a small number of tumor cells. Immunohistochemically detectable p53 protein expression was common (85.7%), but TP53 gene mutations were identified in only four cases (19.1%) of EBV-associated lymphomas. Positivity rates of C-myc, Bcl-2 and Bax expression were 100%, 95.2%, and 90.5%, respectively, in the 21 cases of EBV-associated lymphomas. Conclusions Our preliminary findings suggest that EBV-associated lymphomas in hu-PBL/SCID chimeras show EBV infection, expression of oncogenic viral genes, and overexpression of cellular oncogenes. TP53 gene mutations are rare but p53 protein is commonly expressed in EBV-associated lymphomas.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0300-8916 , 2038-2529
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/030089161009600315
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 280962-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2267832-3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of Displacement-Based, Force-Based and Plastic Hinge Elements for Structural Non-Linear Static Analysis
    SAGE Publications ; 2012
    In:  Advances in Structural Engineering Vol. 15, No. 3 ( 2012-03), p. 477-488
    Details
    In: Advances in Structural Engineering, SAGE Publications, Vol. 15, No. 3 ( 2012-03), p. 477-488
    Abstract: This paper evaluates accuracies and applicabilities of frame elements constructed by displacement-based (DB), force-based (FB) and plastic hinge (PH) methods for structural non-linear static analysis. The theoretical bases of the three frame elements are compared and the global response (nodal level) and local response (sectional level) of the three frame elements are evaluated. The results lead to the conclusions that more DB elements than FB elements need to be employed to obtain accurate post-yielding global responses in the cases of sections undergoing hardening or zero post stiffness. Both DB and FB elements fail to provide consistent and rational evaluation of the post-yielding global responses in the case of sections undergoing softening. The post-yielding global responses presented by the PH element are strongly influenced by the preset hinge length. The three frame elements present consistent local response results but different maximum responses in most cases. The preferred numbers of integration points to be used in DB and FB elements are also advised from the points of view of both consistency and stability.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1369-4332 , 2048-4011
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1260/1369-4332.15.3.477
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2026561-X
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Quantitative evaluation of wetness losses in steam turbines based on three-dimensional simulations of non-equilibrium condensing flows
    SAGE Publications ; 2014
    In:  Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy Vol. 228, No. 6 ( 2014-09), p. 708-716
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy, SAGE Publications, Vol. 228, No. 6 ( 2014-09), p. 708-716
    Abstract: Wet steam flow in steam turbines leads to degraded efficiency and blade erosion in the turbine stages. The Baumann rule, which has been used to predict wetness losses, is increasingly being questioned. More recently, the non-equilibrium condensation model is being increasingly applied to analyse wet steam flow. However, most of the influences caused by wetness losses on the aerodynamics of a wet steam turbine are excluded when this approach is used. Therefore, the efficiency of a wet steam turbine calculated by the non-equilibrium approach does not match the experimentally obtained values. To improve the accuracy of evaluating a wet steam turbine as well as the wetness losses, a quantitative evaluation program of wetness losses has been developed based on the calculation results of wet steam flow with non-equilibrium condensation using the FORTRAN language. Three-dimensional (3D) simulation of the wet steam flow with non-equilibrium condensation in turbine stages is first conducted. Then the 3D results are circumferentially averaged in the meridian plane, which are subsequently used to quantitatively evaluate the wetness losses. The wetness losses are divided into five categories: thermodynamic loss, droplet drag loss, braking loss, capturing loss and centrifuge loss. The wetness losses in the low pressure (LP) cylinder of a fossil steam turbine are calculated. The results show that the thermodynamic loss is mainly generated in the nucleation stage and the last stage of the turbine where non-equilibrium condensation occurs. The droplet drag loss is small in all wet steam stages. The braking loss is the most important component of the wetness losses, except in the nucleation stage. The capturing and centrifuge losses are moderate in the wet steam stages. The total wetness losses in the LP cylinder account for 3.65% of the total output power. This is less than the 5.14% losses predicted by the Baumann rule.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0957-6509 , 2041-2967
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0957650914534838
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2024892-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A poly(glycerol-sebacate-(5-fluorouracil-1-acetic acid)) polymer with potential use for cancer therapy
    SAGE Publications ; 2012
    In:  Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers Vol. 27, No. 1 ( 2012-01), p. 18-30
    Details
    In: Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers, SAGE Publications, Vol. 27, No. 1 ( 2012-01), p. 18-30
    Abstract: In this study, 5-fluorouracil-1-acetic acid was chemically conjugated with poly(glycerol-sebacate) (PGS) to form a unitary polymer poly(glycerol-sebacate- (5-fluorouracil-1-acetic acid)) (PGS-5-FU-CH 2 COOH). The structure, the in vitro antitumor activity of 5-FU-CH 2 COOH, the in vitro degradation, the drug release, and antitumor activity as well as the in vivo degradation and tissue biocompatibility of PGS-5-FU-CH 2 COOH were investigated. The 5-FU-CH 2 COOH inhibited HeLa (human cervical cancer cell line) and SGC-7901 (human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line) tumor cells with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of 0.196 and 0.267 μM, respectively, after a 3-day incubation. The in vitro drug release profiles of PGS-5-FU-CH 2 COOH exhibited a biphasic release with an initial exponential phase in the first week and then the second constant linear phase. An in vitro antitumor assay of the PGS-5-FU-CH 2 COOH polymer showed significant cytotoxicity against tumor cells. The implanted PGS-5-FU-CH 2 COOH degraded completely in 1 month after implantation. The antitumor activity and improved drug release profile of PGS-5-FU-CH 2 COOH indicate its potential as an implantable polymer for cancer therapy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0883-9115 , 1530-8030
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0883911511431876
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2073790-7
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A chin-lift mask produces a patent airway more effectively than an oropharyngeal airway using the EC-clamp technique in obese patients
    SAGE Publications ; 2014
    In:  Journal of International Medical Research Vol. 42, No. 3 ( 2014-06), p. 693-701
    Details
    In: Journal of International Medical Research, SAGE Publications, Vol. 42, No. 3 ( 2014-06), p. 693-701
    Abstract: To evaluate the efficiency of ventilation using a novel chin-lift mask compared with an oropharyngeal airway (OPA) with EC-clamp technique in obese patients. Methods Obese patients scheduled for cholecystectomy under general anaesthesia were divided into two groups: the OPA group, in which a standard mask and OPA with the EC-clamp technique were used; the CL group, in which the chin-lift mask was used. Respiratory data were compared. Results One hundred patients were recruited and assigned to the OPA ( n = 50) and CL ( n = 50) groups. Compared with the OPA group, expired tidal volume, peripheral oxygen saturation ( S p O 2 ), tidal volume/peak inspiratory pressure ratio and end-tidal carbon dioxide were higher, and the peak and mean inspiratory pressures were lower, in the CL group. In the CL group, no patient had an S p O 2 ≤95% and the lowest S p O 2 was 99%, whereas in the OPA group, 23 patients had an S p O 2 ≤95% and the lowest S p O 2 was 92%. Difficult mask ventilation occurred in eight patients in the OPA group but in none in the CL group. Conclusion The chin-lift mask provided a patent airway and better quality mask ventilation than an OPA with EC-clamp technique in obese patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0300-0605 , 1473-2300
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0300060514522204
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2082422-1
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Expression of Ezrin in Human Embryonic, Fetal, and Normal Adult Tissues
    SAGE Publications ; 2011
    In:  Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry Vol. 59, No. 11 ( 2011-11), p. 1001-1008
    Details
    In: Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry, SAGE Publications, Vol. 59, No. 11 ( 2011-11), p. 1001-1008
    Abstract: Ezrin, which cross-links the cytoskeleton and plasma membrane, was involved in a wide variety of cellular processes. Here, to investigate the distribution of ezrin, tissue microarray technology was employed to perform immunohistochemical experiments on human embryos, fetuses at 4 to 22 weeks’ gestation, and adult tissue specimens. Results showed that ezrin was widely expressed in the gastrointestinal tract throughout the human developmental stages studied. At 6 to 8 weeks’ gestation, ezrin was found in epithelial cells, and this staining pattern was particularly pronounced in the brush border of mature absorptive cells lining the villus in later developmental stages and adult tissues. Throughout neural development, ezrin was only expressed in the neural tube at 4 weeks’ gestation. Ezrin was also detected in the cortex and medulla of the adrenal gland at 8 to 12 weeks’ gestation, whereas its immunoreactivity was increased from the zona glomerulosa through the zona reticularis and was essentially undetectable in the adrenal medulla of adult tissues. Significant expression of ezrin was seen throughout development in the kidney, spleen, lymph nodes, and cells of stratified squamous epithelia. However, ezrin was undetectable in lung, liver, heart, and blood vessels. These results demonstrated that the expression pattern of ezrin was highly time specific and tissue specific.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1554 , 1551-5044
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1369/0022155411418661
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1421306-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Copper stimulates growth of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in a vascular endothelial growth factor-independent pathway
    SAGE Publications ; 2012
    In:  Experimental Biology and Medicine Vol. 237, No. 1 ( 2012-01), p. 77-82
    Details
    In: Experimental Biology and Medicine, SAGE Publications, Vol. 237, No. 1 ( 2012-01), p. 77-82
    Abstract: Studies in vivo have shown that dietary copper (Cu) supplementation reverses pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy in a mouse model, which is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-dependent and correlates with enhanced angiogenesis. Because Cu stimulation of endothelial cell growth and differentiation would play a critical role in angiogenesis, the present study was undertaken to examine the effect of Cu on growth of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in cultures. The HUVECs were treated with CuSO 4 at a final concentration of 5 μmol/L Cu element in cultures or with a Cu chelator, tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA), at a final concentration of 25 μmol/L in cultures. Cell growth and Cu effect on cell cycle were determined. In addition, the effect of Cu on VEGF and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA levels was determined, and anti-VEGF antibody and siRNA targeting eNOS were applied to determine the role of VEGF or eNOS in the Cu effect on cell growth. Cu significantly stimulated and TEPA significantly inhibited cell growth, and the TEPA effect was blocked by excess Cu. Cu increased the number of cells in the S phase and correspondingly decreased the number in the G1 phase. Interestingly, Cu did not increase the level of VEGF mRNA, but significantly increased eNOS mRNA. Furthermore, neutralizing VEGF by anti-VEGF antibody did not suppress Cu stimulation of cell growth. However, siRNA targeting eNOS completely blocked Cu reversal of TEPA inhibition of cell growth. The data demonstrate that Cu stimulation of HUVEC cell growth is VEGF-independent, but eNOS-dependent.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1535-3702 , 1535-3699
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2011.011267
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020856-X
    SSG: 12
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