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  • SAGE Publications  (3)
  • 2010-2014  (3)
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  • SAGE Publications  (3)
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  • 2010-2014  (3)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of visual inspection as the primary screening method in a four-year cervical (pre-) cancer screening program in rural China
    SAGE Publications ; 2013
    In:  Tropical Doctor Vol. 43, No. 3 ( 2013-07), p. 96-99
    Details
    In: Tropical Doctor, SAGE Publications, Vol. 43, No. 3 ( 2013-07), p. 96-99
    Abstract: The aim of the study is to evaluate the feasibility of visual inspection with acetic acid/Lugol’s iodine (VIA/VILI) as a primary screening method for cervical lesions in low-resource settings in China. Participants underwent VIA/VILI, and, if positive, received colposcopy and direct biopsy of visible lesions. Women who were negative for VIA/VILI or who were diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1 were re-screened the following year with the same procedure. In total, 10,269 women received VIA/VILI (of whom 8263, twice). Overall test positivity was 8.07% (1495/18532) for VIA/VILI, 33.44% (500/1495) for colposcopy, and the incidence of pathology-confirmed CIN1, CIN2/3 and cervical cancer was 0.85% (87/10,269), 0.53% (54/10,269) and 0.02% (2/10,269), respectively. Women aged 30–39 years at screening had higher rates of CIN2+ (include CIN2, CIN3 and cervical cancer). Our study indicates that VIA/VILI is a simple, feasible, and effective primary cervical cancer screening method in an impoverished, rural community that lacks access to standard medical care.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0049-4755 , 1758-1133
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0049475513495615
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2179812-6
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    Online Resource
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Activation of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Protein Kinase 5 is Essential for Cystitis- and Nerve Growth Factor-Induced Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Expression in Sensory Neurons
    SAGE Publications ; 2012
    In:  Molecular Pain Vol. 8 ( 2012-01-01), p. 1744-8069-8-48-
    Details
    In: Molecular Pain, SAGE Publications, Vol. 8 ( 2012-01-01), p. 1744-8069-8-48-
    Abstract: Cystitis causes considerable neuronal plasticity in the primary afferent pathways. The molecular mechanism and signal transduction underlying cross talk between the inflamed urinary bladder and sensory sensitization has not been investigated. Results: In a rat cystitis model induced by cyclophosphamide (CYP) for 48 h, the mRNA and protein levels of the excitatory neurotransmitter calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are increased in the L6 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in response to bladder inflammation. Cystitis-induced CGRP expression in L6 DRG is triggered by endogenous nerve growth factor (NGF) because neutralization of NGF with a specific NGF antibody reverses CGRP up-regulation during cystitis. CGRP expression in the L6 DRG neurons is also enhanced by retrograde NGF signaling when NGF is applied to the nerve terminals of the ganglion-nerve two-compartmented preparation. Characterization of the signaling pathways in cystitis- or NGF-induced CGRP expression reveals that the activation (phosphorylation) of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK)5 but not Akt is involved. In L6 DRG during cystitis, CGRP is co-localized with phospho-ERK5 but not phospho-Akt. NGF-evoked CGRP up-regulation is also blocked by inhibition of the MEK/ERK pathway with specific MEK inhibitors U0126 and PD98059, but not by inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway with inhibitor LY294002. Further examination shows that cystitis-induced cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) activity is expressed in CGRP bladder afferent neurons and is co-localized with phospho-ERK5 but not phospho-Akt. Blockade of NGF action in vivo reduces the number of DRG neurons co-expressing CGRP and phospho-CREB, and reverses cystitis-induced increases in micturition frequency. Conclusions: A specific pathway involving NGF-ERK5-CREB axis plays an essential role in cystitis-induced sensory activation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1744-8069 , 1744-8069
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-8-48
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2174252-2
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    Online Resource
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Assessing the Distributional Impacts of Carbon Tax among Households across Different Income Groups: The Case of China
    SAGE Publications ; 2013
    In:  Energy & Environment Vol. 24, No. 7-8 ( 2013-12), p. 1323-1346
    Details
    In: Energy & Environment, SAGE Publications, Vol. 24, No. 7-8 ( 2013-12), p. 1323-1346
    Abstract: Employing the improved China Energy and Environmental Policy Analysis (CEEPA) model, a recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium model, this study aims to examine the distributional impacts of a carbon tax in China on households over different income groups. The effects of different complementary measures were also analysed. The results indicate that without any protections for households, a carbon tax will widen the income and welfare gap not only between urban and rural but also within urban groups, though it could have a weakly progressive effect within the rural. If the carbon tax revenue is used to reduce indirect tax whilst appropriately increasing government transfers to rural households and vulnerable urban groups in proportion to population, the distributional deterioration caused by the carbon tax could be effectively mitigated, and the negative impact on the living standards of households over all income groups could be alleviated while maintaining emission reductions and minimising the overall socio-economic impacts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0958-305X , 2048-4070
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1260/0958-305X.24.7-8.1323
    RVK:
    AR 10100
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2027365-4
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