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  • 1
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    LA-ICP-MS depth profiling perspective on cleaning protocols for elemental analyses in planktic foraminifers (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2013-05-09
    Description: Measurements of trace metal ratios in foraminiferal calcite are routinely used to reconstruct paleoceanographic conditions. Analyses using solution-based inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) require dissolution of the entire foraminifer shell. The potential exists for contamination from adherent clays, mineralized coatings, and other diagenetic components that confound the biogenic trace metal signal. We present results from a cleaning experiment on fossil specimens of the planktic foraminifer Orbulina universa that were cracked into several shell fragments and subjected to different cleaning protocols. We use LA-ICP-MS depth profiling to evaluate the effects of reductive, oxidative, and chelating (DTPA) cleaning protocols on shell Mg/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios. Using the natural pattern of intrashell Mg/Ca heterogeneity exhibited by O. universa , we demonstrate that reductive and oxidative cleaning can dissolve shell calcite from available surfaces, although intrashell Mg/Ca minima and maxima are unaffected. High-resolution depth profiles can be used to identify areas of heterogeneous intrashell Ba/Ca, which can be excluded from computations of whole-shell Ba/Ca. The size and density of shell pores plays a major role in the degree of contamination from sedimentary material. We demonstrate an approach for computing whole-shell Me/Ca ratios from LA-ICP-MS depth profiles that accounts for potential contamination and diagenetic overprinting.
    Electronic ISSN: 1525-2027
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
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    Genome-wide association study of Arabidopsis thaliana leaf microbial community (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2014-11-12
    Description: Article The effect of a host's genetic variation on the structure of its microbial community is poorly understood. Here, Horton et al. reveal associations between genetic variants in the plant model species Arabidopsis thaliana and the composition of the leaves' microbial communities. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms6320 Authors: Matthew W. Horton, Natacha Bodenhausen, Kathleen Beilsmith, Dazhe Meng, Brian D. Muegge, Sathish Subramanian, M. Madlen Vetter, Bjarni J. Vilhjálmsson, Magnus Nordborg, Jeffrey I. Gordon, Joy Bergelson
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Evolution of separate predation- and defence-evoked venoms in carnivorous cone snails (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-26
    Description: Article Marine cone snails use venom for defence and predation. Here, Dutertre et al. show that cone snails produce structurally and functionally distinct venoms for each purpose and that defence toxins are potent on fish and mammalian targets, suggesting that they have evolved specifically for protection. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms4521 Authors: Sébastien Dutertre, Ai-Hua Jin, Irina Vetter, Brett Hamilton, Kartik Sunagar, Vincent Lavergne, Valentin Dutertre, Bryan G. Fry, Agostinho Antunes, Deon J. Venter, Paul F. Alewood, Richard J. Lewis
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    Mechanism of Tc toxin action revealed in molecular detail (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-28
    Description: Tripartite Tc toxin complexes of bacterial pathogens perforate the host membrane and translocate toxic enzymes into the host cell, including in humans. The underlying mechanism is complex but poorly understood. Here we report the first, to our knowledge, high-resolution structures of a TcA subunit in its prepore and pore state and of a complete 1.7 megadalton Tc complex. The structures reveal that, in addition to a translocation channel, TcA forms four receptor-binding sites and a neuraminidase-like region, which are important for its host specificity. pH-induced opening of the shell releases an entropic spring that drives the injection of the TcA channel into the membrane. Binding of TcB/TcC to TcA opens a gate formed by a six-bladed beta-propeller and results in a continuous protein translocation channel, whose architecture and properties suggest a novel mode of protein unfolding and translocation. Our results allow us to understand key steps of infections involving Tc toxins at the molecular level.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meusch, Dominic -- Gatsogiannis, Christos -- Efremov, Rouslan G -- Lang, Alexander E -- Hofnagel, Oliver -- Vetter, Ingrid R -- Aktories, Klaus -- Raunser, Stefan -- England -- Nature. 2014 Apr 3;508(7494):61-5. doi: 10.1038/nature13015. Epub 2014 Feb 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Department of Physical Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany [2]. ; Institut fur Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. ; Department of Physical Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany. ; Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany. ; 1] Institut fur Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany [2] BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. ; 1] Department of Physical Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany [2] Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitat Berlin, Thielallee 63, 14195 Berlin, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24572368" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ADP Ribose Transferases/metabolism ; Bacterial Toxins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Host Specificity ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Models, Molecular ; Neuraminidase/chemistry ; Photorhabdus/*chemistry ; Porosity ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Transport ; Protein Unfolding ; Structure-Activity Relationship
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
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    Morphogenesis of filaments growing in flexible confinements (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2014-07-18
    Description: Article Growing polymer chains are often confined within vesicles in biological systems. Here, the authors study how material properties such as friction, flexibility and thickness affect confined polymer filaments when they grow beyond their equilibrium size, identifying four unique morphologies. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms5437 Authors: R. Vetter, F. K. Wittel, H. J. Herrmann
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 6
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    Selenoether oxytocin analogues have analgesic properties in a mouse model of chronic abdominal pain (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-01
    Description: Article Peptide drugs are attractive as therapeutics for gut-based applications, although they may be susceptible to reduction and degradation. Here, the authors develop seleno-oxytocin analogues, with enhanced stability at no cost to potency, and demonstrate their efficacy at colonic nociceptor inhibition in a mouse model. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms4165 Authors: Aline Dantas de Araujo, Mehdi Mobli, Joel Castro, Andrea M. Harrington, Irina Vetter, Zoltan Dekan, Markus Muttenthaler, JingJing Wan, Richard J. Lewis, Glenn F. King, Stuart M. Brierley, Paul F. Alewood
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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