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  • American Society for Microbiology  (15)
  • 2010-2014  (15)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Genetic Typing, Based on the 56-Kilodalton Type-Specific Antigen Gene, of Orientia tsutsugamushi Strains Isolated from Chiggers Collected from Wild-Caught Rodents in Taiwan
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2011
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 77, No. 10 ( 2011-05-15), p. 3398-3405
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 77, No. 10 ( 2011-05-15), p. 3398-3405
    Abstract: Orientia tsutsugamushi is the etiological agent of scrub typhus, a mite-borne, febrile illness that occurs in the Asia-Pacific region. We conducted strain characterization of O. tsutsugamushi isolates from chiggers obtained from rodents based the nucleotide sequence of the 56-kDa outer membrane protein gene. With the use of PCR, a total of 68 DNA sequences of 56-kDa antigen genes were amplified. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that there were at least six definable clusters among the 68 isolates: 37% Karp-related strains (25/68), 27% TA763 strains (18/68), 12% JG-related strains (8/68), 19% Kato-related strains (13/68), 4% divergent strains (3/68), and 1% representing a Gilliam prototype strain (1/68). Overall, the O. tsutsugamushi genotypes exhibited a high degree of diversity, similar to that seen in strains from the rest of the areas where scrub typhus is endemic. Moreover, the 56-kDa protein sequence similarity between O. tsutsugamushi isolates from mites and those from human patients (H. Y. Lu et al., Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 83:658-663, 2010) were striking, thus highlighting potential risk factors for this emerging zoonotic disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02796-10
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Real-Time PCR Analysis of the Intestinal Microbiotas in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2012
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 78, No. 4 ( 2012-02-15), p. 1107-1112
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 78, No. 4 ( 2012-02-15), p. 1107-1112
    Abstract: Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus can beneficially affect the host by producing acetic acid and lactic acid, which lower pH and thereby inhibit the growth of pathogens or allow the probiotic bacteria to compete with pathogens for epithelial adhesion sites and nutrients. The transmural migration of enteric organisms into the peritoneal cavity can cause peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. We hypothesized that the composition of the intestinal microbiota with regard to Lactobacillus species and Bifidobacterium species differed between PD patients and healthy controls. The aim of the study was to investigate these differences by real-time PCR analysis of fecal samples. From 1 August 2009 to 31 March 2010, a total of 29 nondiabetic PD patients and 41 healthy controls from China Medical University Hospital were recruited after giving their informed consent. Fecal samples were collected from the PD patients and their age-matched counterparts in the morning using a standardized procedure. DNA extracted from these samples was analyzed by real-time PCR. All bifidobacteria, Bifidobacterium catenulatum , B. longum , B. bifidum , Lactobacillus plantarum , L. paracasei , and Klebsiella pneumoniae were less frequently detected in the patient samples. Dysbiosis (microbial imbalance) may impair intestinal barrier function and increase host vulnerability to pathogen invasion. Further studies are necessary to confirm our findings before clinical trials with probiotic supplementation in PD patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.05605-11
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Genotypic Resistance in Helicobacter pylori Strains Correlates with Susceptibility Test and Treatment Outcomes after Levofloxacin- and Clarithromycin-Based Therapies
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2011
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 55, No. 3 ( 2011-03), p. 1123-1129
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 55, No. 3 ( 2011-03), p. 1123-1129
    Abstract: The accuracy of genotypic resistance to levofloxacin ( gyrA mutations) and its agreement with treatment outcomes after levofloxacin-based therapy have not been reported. We aimed to assess the correlation. Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from patients who received levofloxacin-based and clarithromycin-based triple therapies in a previous randomized trial were analyzed for point mutations in gyrA and 23S rRNA. PCR followed by direct sequencing was used to assess the gyrA and 23S rRNA mutations. An agar dilution test was used to determine the MICs of clarithromycin and levofloxacin. We found that the agreement between genotypic and phenotypic resistance to levofloxacin was best when the MIC breakpoint was 〉 1 μg/ml (kappa coefficient, 0.754). The eradication rates in patients with and without gyrA mutations were 41.7% and 82.7%, respectively ( P = 0.003). The agreement between genotypic and phenotypic resistance to clarithromycin was best when the MIC breakpoint was 〉 2 μg/ml (kappa, 0.694). The eradication rates in patients with and without 23S rRNA mutations were 7.7% and 93.5%, respectively ( P 〈 0.001). The agreements (kappa coefficient) between therapeutic outcomes after clarithromycin-based triple therapy and genotypic and phenotypic resistance were 0.671 and 0.356, respectively. The agreements (kappa coefficient) between therapeutic outcomes after levofloxacin-based triple therapy and genotypic and phenotypic resistance were 0.244 and 0.190, respectively. In conclusion, gyrA and 23S rRNA mutations in H. pylori strains appeared to be better markers than phenotypic resistance in the prediction of treatment outcomes. The optimal breakpoints for levofloxacin and clarithromycin resistance appeared to be 〉 1 μg/ml and 〉 2 μg/ml, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01131-10
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Early Entecavir Treatment for Chronic Hepatitis B with Severe Acute Exacerbation
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2014
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 58, No. 4 ( 2014-04), p. 1918-1921
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 58, No. 4 ( 2014-04), p. 1918-1921
    Abstract: A previous study found that lamivudine, if started early enough, may improve the chance of survival in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) with severe acute exacerbation (SAE). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of early entecavir treatment before the bilirubin level exceeds 20 mg/dl for chronic HBV with SAE. Consecutive patients with chronic HBV with SAE and a serum bilirubin level of 〈 20 mg/dl who received lamivudine or entecavir were enrolled. Short-term (4 months) survival was evaluated. One hundred fourteen patients received lamivudine, and 53 patients received entecavir. The baseline characteristics were similar for the two groups except that the entecavir group was older and had a lower alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level. Three patients (8.0%) in the entecavir group and 9 patients (7.9%) in the lamivudine group died ( P = 1.000). If only patients who started antiviral treatment before serum bilirubin level rose to more than 15 mg/dl were included, 3 patients (8.3%) in the entecavir group and 3 patients (3.0%) in the lamivudine group died ( P = 0.189). If only patients with an HBV DNA level higher than 10 5 copies/ml and a bilirubin level lower than 15 mg/dl were included, 5 out of 40 patients (12.5%) in the entecavir group died and 1 out of 59 patients (1.7%) in the lamivudine group died. Multivariate analysis found that entecavir treatment was associated with more mortality than lamivudine ( P = 0.035). Early entecavir treatment in patients with high viral load is associated with more short-term mortality than lamivudine for chronic HBV with severe acute exacerbation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.02400-13
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Core Antigen Expression Is Associated with Hepatic Necroinflammation in e Antigen-Negative Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with Low DNA Loads
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2010
    In:  Clinical and Vaccine Immunology Vol. 17, No. 6 ( 2010-06), p. 1048-1053
    Details
    In: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 17, No. 6 ( 2010-06), p. 1048-1053
    Abstract: Intrahepatic hepatitis B virus (HBV) core antigen (HBcAg) is a hallmark of viral replication in hepatitis B virus e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB). The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of HBcAg in HBeAg-negative CHB. One hundred six HBeAg-negative CHB patients who underwent ultrasonographically guided liver biopsy were reviewed for their HBV DNA load and clinical and histological data. Factors associated with the expression of intrahepatic HBcAg were analyzed. Among the patients, 35 (33%) were positive for HBcAg by immunohistostaining. In patients whose HBV DNA loads were higher than 10 7 copies (cp)/ml, nearly one-half (52%) had detectable HBcAg. Compared with HBcAg-negative patients, HBcAg-positive patients had higher serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and HBV DNA levels and more-severe hepatic necroinflammation. High serum ALT level ( 〉 160 U/liter) and HBV viral load were the determinants of HBcAg expression in multivariate analysis. Large amounts of HBcAg expression were frequently detected in patients with high DNA loads, and the patterns of HBcAg distribution were not related to histological activity or HBV DNA levels. In patients with lower HBV DNA loads, the expression of HBcAg was the key factor associated with active hepatic necroinflammation (hazard ratio = 11.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.42 to 89.26; P = 0.022). In conclusion, the expression of HBcAg is not frequent in HBeAg-negative CHB. The expression of intrahepatic HBcAg indicates active hepatic necroinflammation, even in patients with low HBV DNA load. Both HBV viral load and HBcAg expression have implications in the pathogenesis of HBeAg-negative CHB.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1556-6811 , 1556-679X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/CVI.00460-09
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496863-0
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Adaptive Immune Responses Elicited by Baculovirus and Impacts on Subsequent Transgene Expression In Vivo
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2013
    In:  Journal of Virology Vol. 87, No. 9 ( 2013-05), p. 4965-4973
    Details
    In: Journal of Virology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 87, No. 9 ( 2013-05), p. 4965-4973
    Abstract: Baculovirus (BV) is a promising gene therapy vector and typically requires readministration because BV mediates transient expression. However, how the prime-boost regimen triggers BV-specific adaptive responses and their impacts on BV readministration, transgene expression, and therapeutic/vaccine efficacy remain unknown. Here we unraveled that BV injection into BALB/c mice induced the production of BV-specific antibodies, including IgG1 and IgG2a, which could neutralize BV by antagonizing the envelope protein gp64 and impede BV-mediated transgene expression. Moreover, humans did not possess preexisting anti-BV antibodies. BV injection also elicited BV-specific Th1 and Th2 responses as well as CD4 + and CD8 + T cell responses. gp64 was a primary immunogen to activate the antibody and CD8 + T cell response, with its peptide at positions 457 to 465 (peptide 457-465) being the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I epitope to stimulate CD8 + T cell and cytotoxic responses. Nonetheless, a hybrid Sleeping Beauty -based BV enabled long-term expression for 〉 1 year by a single injection, indicating that the T cell responses did not completely eradicate BV-transduced cells and implicating the potential of this hybrid BV vector for gene therapy. These data unveil that BV injection triggers adaptive immunity and benefit rational design of BV administration schemes for gene therapy and vaccination.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-538X , 1098-5514
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JVI.03510-12
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1495529-5
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Galectin-1 Binds to Influenza Virus and Ameliorates Influenza Virus Pathogenesis
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2011
    In:  Journal of Virology Vol. 85, No. 19 ( 2011-10), p. 10010-10020
    Details
    In: Journal of Virology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 85, No. 19 ( 2011-10), p. 10010-10020
    Abstract: Innate immune response is important for viral clearance during influenza virus infection. Galectin-1, which belongs to S-type lectins, contains a conserved carbohydrate recognition domain that recognizes galactose-containing oligosaccharides. Since the envelope proteins of influenza virus are highly glycosylated, we studied the role of galectin-1 in influenza virus infection in vitro and in mice. We found that galectin-1 was upregulated in the lungs of mice during influenza virus infection. There was a positive correlation between galectin-1 levels and viral loads during the acute phase of viral infection. Cells treated with recombinant human galectin-1 generated lower viral yields after influenza virus infection. Galectin-1 could directly bind to the envelope glycoproteins of influenza A/WSN/33 virus and inhibit its hemagglutination activity and infectivity. It also bound to different subtypes of influenza A virus with micromolar dissociation constant ( K d ) values and protected cells against influenza virus-induced cell death. We used nanoparticle, surface plasmon resonance analysis and transmission electron microscopy to further demonstrate the direct binding of galectin-1 to influenza virus. More importantly, we show for the first time that intranasal treatment of galectin-1 could enhance survival of mice against lethal challenge with influenza virus by reducing viral load, inflammation, and apoptosis in the lung. Furthermore, galectin-1 knockout mice were more susceptible to influenza virus infection than wild-type mice. Collectively, our results indicate that galectin-1 has anti-influenza virus activity by binding to viral surface and inhibiting its infectivity. Thus, galectin-1 may be further explored as a novel therapeutic agent for influenza.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-538X , 1098-5514
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00301-11
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1495529-5
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  • 8
    Online Resource
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    Evaluation of Macrolide Resistance and Enhanced Molecular Typing of Treponema pallidum in Patients with Syphilis in Taiwan: a Prospective Multicenter Study
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2012
    In:  Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 50, No. 7 ( 2012-07), p. 2299-2304
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 50, No. 7 ( 2012-07), p. 2299-2304
    Abstract: Studies of macrolide resistance mutations and molecular typing using the newly proposed enhanced typing system for Treponema pallidum isolates obtained from HIV-infected patients in the Asia-Pacific region are scarce. Between September 2009 and December 2011, we conducted a survey to detect T. pallidum using a PCR assay using clinical specimens from patients with syphilis at six major designated hospitals for HIV care in Taiwan. The T. pallidum strains were genotyped by following the enhanced molecular typing methodology, which analyzed the number of 60-bp repeats in the acidic repeat protein ( arp ) gene, T. pallidum repeat ( tpr ) polymorphism, and the sequence of base pairs 131 to 215 in the tp0548 open reading frame of T. pallidum . Detection of A2058G and A2059G point mutations in the T. pallidum 23S rRNA was performed with the use of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). During the 2-year study period, 211 clinical specimens were obtained from 136 patients with syphilis. T. pallidum DNA was isolated from 105 (49.8%) of the specimens, with swab specimens obtained from chancres having the highest yield rate (63.2%), followed by plasma (49.4%), serum (35.7%), and cerebrospinal fluid or vitreous fluid (18.2%) specimens. Among the 40 fully typed specimens, 11 subtypes of T. pallidum were identified. Subtype 14f/f (18 isolates) was the most common isolates, followed by 14f/c (3), 14b/c (3), and 14k/f (3). Among the isolates examined for macrolide resistance, none had the A2058G or A2059G mutation. In conclusion, we found that type 14 f/f was the most common T. pallidum strain in this multicenter study on syphilis in Taiwan and that none of the isolates exhibited 23S rRNA mutations causing resistance to macrolides.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-1137 , 1098-660X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00341-12
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498353-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
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    In Vitro Efficacies and Resistance Profiles of Rifampin-Based Combination Regimens for Biofilm-Embedded Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2013
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 57, No. 11 ( 2013-11), p. 5717-5720
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 57, No. 11 ( 2013-11), p. 5717-5720
    Abstract: To compare the in vitro antibacterial efficacies and resistance profiles of rifampin-based combinations against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a biofilm model, the antibacterial activities of vancomycin, teicoplanin, daptomycin, minocycline, linezolid, fusidic acid, fosfomycin, and tigecycline alone or in combination with rifampin against biofilm-embedded MRSA were measured. The rifampin-resistant mutation frequencies were evaluated. Of the rifampin-based combinations, rifampin enhances the antibacterial activities of and even synergizes with fusidic acid, tigecycline, and, to a lesser extent, linezolid, fosfomycin, and minocycline against biofilm-embedded MRSA. Such combinations with weaker rifampin resistance induction activities may provide a therapeutic advantage in MRSA biofilm-related infections.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01236-13
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Draft Genome Sequence of NDM-1-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Isolate 303K
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2013
    In:  Genome Announcements Vol. 1, No. 6 ( 2013-12-26)
    Details
    In: Genome Announcements, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 1, No. 6 ( 2013-12-26)
    Abstract: Multidrug-resistant New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1 (NDM-1)-producing bacteria have spread globally and become a major clinical and public health threat. We report here the draft genome sequence of the Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolate 303K, harboring an NDM-1 coding sequence.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2169-8287
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.01069-13
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2968655-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704277-7
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