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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (8)
  • Oxford University Press  (7)
  • Alzenau : Continental Safety Engineering Int. (CSEI)  (1)
  • 2010-2014  (13)
  • 1930-1934  (3)
  • 1
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (23 S., 671 KB) , graph. Darst.
    Language: German
    Note: Förderkennzeichen BMBF 13N10132. - Verbund-Nr. 01067014. - Engl. Berichtsbl u.d.T.: Research initiative: EFA 2014, energy-efficient driving 2014, subproject: Temporal-situative surrounding field model, Research to the influence of pedestrian extent on traffic flow. - Auch als gedr. Ausg. vorhanden. - Unterschiede zwischen dem gedruckten Dokument und der elektronischen Ressource können nicht ausgeschlossen werden , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat reader.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 212 (1933), S. 145-168 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Auf Grund der Basenreaktion des Eisenpentacarbonyls, Fe(CO)5 + 2OH- = Fe(CO)4H2 + CO3--, wird der Eisencarbonylwasserstoff dargestellt und durch fraktionierte Hochvakuumdestillation bei tiefen Temperaturen in reinem Zustand isoliert. Die thermochemischen Daten sind, wie Tensionsmessungen ergeben haben, denen des Nickel-carbonyls und Eisenpentacarbonyls sehr ähnlich; der Schmelzpunkt liegt hei -70°. Von den chemischen Eigenschaften steht die charakteristische Selbstzersetzlichkeit nach 2Fe(CO)4H2 — Fe(CO)5 + Fe(CO)3 + 2H2 im Vordergrund, deren quantitative Untersuchung zugleich die vollständige Analyse des Hydrids liefert. Die Reaktion mit Jod führt überwiegend zur Entstehung des Tetracarbonyljodids, Fe(CO)4J2. Die chemische Charakterisierung der Wasserstoffbindung im Eisencarbonylwasserstoff geschieht u. a. durch die quantitative Titration des Wasserstoffs mit Methylenblau, ferner besonders auf Grund der Feststellung, daß die Wasserstoffkerne als Additionszentren fur Pyridinstickstoff wie für Hydroxylionen fungieren können, wie die Alkalibeständigkeit des Hydrids und die präparativ auf- gefundene Bildung von stabilen Additionsverbindungen mit Pyridin oder o-Phenanthrolin beweist. Eine Rückfolgerung, daß der freie Carbonylwasserstoff „Sä:urenatur“ besitzt, erscheint indessen nicht gerechtfertigt. Vielmehr führen die chemischen wie die physikalischen Eigenschaften zu dem Schluß, daß der Eisencarbonylwasserstoff eine Verbindung von symmetrischer, abgeschlossener Elektronenkonfiguration mit 18 Elektronen darstellen muß, d. h. infolge der förmlichen oder zumindest sehr weitgehenden Einbeziehung der Wasserstoffatome in den Verband des Metallatoms bzw. des Radikals Fe(CO), liegt  -  als einzigem bisher bekannten Fall dieser Art  -  eine ähnlich tiefgehende Beeinflussung der Eigenschaften vor, wie sie entsprechend bei der Gruppe der Hydride der vor den Edelgasen stehenden Elemente bekannt ist.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 204 (1932), S. 165-173 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Zersetzungsreaktionen des Eisencarbonylwasserstoffs, die im chemischen Verhalten alkalischer Lösungen von Eisenpentacarbonyl in Erscheinung treten, werden in ihrem Mechanismus aufgeklärt und auf die Oxydierbarkeit des Carbonylhydrids, die Disproportionierungen zwischen den Zersetzungsprodukten mit weniger als 5 Mol CO/Fe unter wechselseitigem Kohlcnoxydaustausch, sowie auf die Saurerealitionen der Carbonylverbindungen zurückgeführt. Auf Grund dieser Verhältnisse werden Darstellungsmethoden für Eisentetra- carbonyl beschrieben, die auf der direkten Dehydrierung des Car- bonylwasserstoffs im System Pentacarbonyl-4lkali unter möglichst in milden Bedingungen beruhen.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 64 (1931), S. 2340-2346 
    ISSN: 0365-9631
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2011-09-29
    Description: SUMMARY We propose a class of spherical wavelet bases for the analysis of geophysical models and for the tomographic inversion of global seismic data. Its multiresolution character allows for modelling with an effective spatial resolution that varies with position within the Earth. Our procedure is numerically efficient and can be implemented with parallel computing. We discuss two possible types of discrete wavelet transforms in the angular dimension of the cubed sphere. We describe benefits and drawbacks of these constructions and apply them to analyse the information in two published seismic wave speed models of the mantle, using the statistics of wavelet coefficients across scales. The localization and sparsity properties of wavelet bases allow finding a sparse solution to inverse problems by iterative minimization of a combination of the ℓ 2 norm of the data residuals and the ℓ 1 norm of the model wavelet coefficients. By validation with realistic synthetic experiments we illustrate the likely gains from our new approach in future inversions of finite-frequency seismic data.
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2011-05-21
    Description: ABSTRACT Riffle-pool sequences are a common feature of gravel-bed rivers. However, mechanisms of their generation and maintenance are still not fully understood. In this study a monitoring approach similar to the one of Andrews (1979 and 1982) is employed. It focuses on analysing cross-sectional and longitudinal channel geometry of a large floodplain river (Vereinigte Mulde, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany) with a high temporal and spatial resolution, in order to conclude from stage-dependant morphometric changes to riffle and pool maintaining processes. In accordance with Richards (1976a), Andrews (1979 and 1982) among others, pool cross sections of the Mulde River are narrow and riffle cross sections are wide suggesting that they should rather be addressed as two general types of channel cross-sections than solely as bedforms. At high flows, riffles and pools in the study reaches changed in length and height but not in position. Pools were scoured and riffles aggraded, a development which was reversed during receding flows below the threshold of 0.4·Q bf (40% bankfull discharge). An index for the longitudinal amplitude of riffle-pool sequences, the bed undulation intensity or bedform amplitude, is introduced and proved to be highly significant as a form parameter, its first derivative as a process parameter. The process of pool scour and riffle fill is addressed as bedform maintenance or bedform accentuation. It is indicated by increasing longitudinal bed amplitudes. According to the observed dynamics of bed amplitudes, maintenance of riffle-pool sequences lags behind discharge peaks. Maximum bed amplitudes may be reached with a delay of several days after peak discharges. Increasing bed undulation intensity is interpreted to indicate bed mobility. Post-flood decrease of the bed undulation intensity indicates a retrograde phase when transport from pools to riffles has ceased and bed mobility is restricted to riffle tails and heads of pools. This type of transport behaviour is referred to as disconnected mobility. The comparison of two river reaches, one with undisturbed sediment supply, the other with sediment deficit, suggests that high bed undulation intensity values at low flows indicate sediment deficit and potentially channel degrading conditions. It is more generally hypothesised that channel bed undulations constitute a major component of form roughness and that increased bed amplitudes are an important feature of channel bed adjustment to sediment deficit be it temporally during late floods or permanently due to a supply limitation of bedload. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Print ISSN: 0197-9337
    Electronic ISSN: 1096-9837
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2013-01-23
    Description: We evaluated the impact of staging procedures to detect asymptomatic distant metastases (DM) in the management of women with operable invasive breast cancer (BC, entire cohort: n = 866). Out of 472 patients with lymph node (LN)-negative disease (pN0), DM were found in four cases (detection rate: 0.8%). All four patients presented with established risk factors: hormone receptor (HR)-negative status, HER2-positive status, n = 3; ‘triple-negative’ disease, n = 1. Considering the subgroup of LN-negative patients whose tumors showed the risk factor ‘negative HR status’ ( n = 66), the detection rate of DM was 6%. The detection rates of DM in higher pN categories were as follows: pN1:1.7%; pN2:9.5%; pN3:13.5%. We generally support the international guidelines, including those published by the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) which emphasize that patients with early-stage BC do not profit from radiological staging for the detection of DM and recommend refraining from this. However, we would expand these guidelines and propose that screening should be carried out in node-negative patients whose tumors show established tumor-related risk factors (e.g. HR-negative and HER2-positive status), since in this particular subcohort, the detection rate of DM is with 6% similarly high as that of patients with four to nine positive LNs.
    Print ISSN: 0923-7534
    Electronic ISSN: 1569-8041
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2012-12-18
    Description: We report on the calibration of the one-dimensional hydrodynamic lake model DYRESM to simulate the water temperature conditions of the pre-alpine Lake Ammersee (South-east Germany) which is representative of deep and large lakes in this region. Special focus is given to the calibration in order to reproduce the correct thermal distribution and stratification including the time of onset and duration of summer stratification. To ensure the application of the model to investigate the impact of climate change on lakes, an analysis of the model sensitivity under stepwise modification of meteorological input parameters (air temperature, wind speed, precipitation, global radiation, cloud cover, vapor pressure, and tributary water temperature) was conducted. The total mean error of the calibration results is –0.23 °C, the root mean square error amounts to 1.012 °C. All characteristics of the annual stratification cycle were reproduced accurately by the model. Additionally, the simulated deviations for all applied modifications of the input parameters for the sensitivity analysis can be differentiated in the high temporal resolution of monthly values for each specific depth. The smallest applied alteration to each modified input parameter caused a maximum deviation in the simulation results of at least 0.26 °C. The most sensitive reactions of the model can be observed through modifications of the input parameters air temperature and wind speed. Hence the results show that further investigations at Lake Ammersee, such as coupling the hydrodynamic model with chemo-dynamic models to assess the impact of changing climate on biochemical conditions within lakes, can be carried out using DYRESM. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Print ISSN: 0885-6087
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1085
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2014-09-17
    Description: Background Peripheral neuropathy is the major dose-limiting side effect of cisplatin and oxaliplatin, and there are currently no effective treatments available. The aim of this study was to assess the pharmacological mechanisms underlying chemotherapy-induced neuropathy in novel animal models based on intraplantar administration of cisplatin and oxaliplatin and to systematically evaluate the analgesic efficacy of a range of therapeutics. Methods Neuropathy was induced by a single intraplantar injection of cisplatin or oxaliplatin in C57BL/6J mice and assessed by quantification of mechanical and thermal allodynia. The pharmacological basis of cisplatin-induced neuropathy was characterized using a range of selective pharmacological inhibitors. The analgesic effects of phenytoin, amitriptyline, oxcarbazepine, mexiletine, topiramate, retigabine, gabapentin, fentanyl, and Ca 2+/ Mg 2+ were assessed 24 hours after induction of neuropathy. Results Intraplantar administration of cisplatin led to the development of mechanical allodynia, mediated through Na v 1.6-expressing sensory neurons. Unlike intraplantar injection of oxaliplatin, cold allodynia was not observed with cisplatin, consistent with clinical observations. Surprisingly, only fentanyl was effective at alleviating cisplatin-induced mechanical allodynia despite a lack of efficacy in oxaliplatin-induced cold allodynia. Conversely, lamotrigine, phenytoin, retigabine, and gabapentin were effective at reversing oxaliplatin-induced cold allodynia but had no effect on cisplatin-induced mechanical allodynia. Oxcarbazepine, amitriptyline, mexiletine, and topiramate lacked efficacy in both models of acute chemotherapy-induced neuropathy. Conclusion This study established a novel animal model of cisplatin-induced mechanical allodynia consistent with the A-fiber neuropathy seen clinically. Systematic assessment of a range of therapeutics identified several candidates that warrant further clinical investigation.
    Print ISSN: 1522-8517
    Electronic ISSN: 1523-5866
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2012-06-12
    Description: In response to gonadectomy certain inbred mouse strains develop sex steroidogenic adrenocortical neoplasms. One of the hallmarks of neoplastic transformation is expression of GATA4, a transcription factor normally present in gonadal but not adrenal steroidogenic cells of the adult mouse. To show that GATA4 directly modulates adrenocortical tumorigenesis and is not merely a marker of gonadal-like differentiation in the neoplasms, we studied mice with germline or conditional loss-of-function mutations in the Gata4 gene. Germline Gata4 haploinsufficiency was associated with attenuated tumor growth and reduced expression of sex steroidogenic genes in the adrenal glands of ovariectomized B6D2F1 and B6AF1 mice. At 12 months after ovariectomy, wild-type B6D2F1 mice had biochemical and histological evidence of adrenocortical estrogen production, whereas Gata4 +/– B6D2F1 mice did not. Germline Gata4 haploinsufficiency exacerbated the secondary phenotype of postovariectomy obesity in B6D2F1 mice, presumably by limiting ectopic estrogen production in the adrenal glands. Amhr2 -cre-mediated deletion of floxed Gata4 ( Gata4 F ) in nascent adrenocortical neoplasms of ovariectomized B6.129 mice reduced tumor growth and the expression of gonadal-like markers in a Gata4 F dose-dependent manner. We conclude that GATA4 is a key modifier of gonadectomy-induced adrenocortical neoplasia, postovariectomy obesity, and sex steroidogenic cell differentiation.
    Print ISSN: 0013-7227
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Endocrine Society.
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