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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Power requirements of gas-liquid agitated systems (1962)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 8 (1962), S. 262-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Power data for dispersion of air in liquids by means of a six-bladed flat blade turbine are presented in the form of a logarithmic plot of actual power consumed against a function of speed, impeller diameter, gas flow rate, and impeller power characteristics. The data are those of Michel (7), Bimbenet (2), Sachs (12), and Oyama and Endoh (10).Turbines of from 3- to 8-in. diameter were run in tanks of from 6.5- to 18-in. diameter, with the D/T never exceeding 0.47. The fluids tested covered a density range of 0.8 to 1.65 g./ml. and a viscosity range of 0.9 to 100 centipoises.Data are also presented on dispersion of air in a 50% by volume batch of carbon tetrachloride in water and dispersion of air in a suspension of Alundum particles in water, and compared with data on water in a similar system.The qualitative effect of a surface active agent is demonstrated in a comparison of data for a 0.1% by weight mixture of Pluronic L-62 in water with data for pure water with the same apparatus.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690080226
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inamine aus Halogenalkinen und tertiären Aminen (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 76 (1964), S. 537-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19640761213
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of dimaleimides as accelerators for the radiation-induced vulcanization of hydrocarbon polymers (1962)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 58 (1962), S. 737-754 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The effect of alkyl and aryl dimaleimides on the rate of crosslinking of natural rubber is described by means of experiments with ionizing radiation. The dose for vulcanization can be reduced from 5 × 107 to 2.0 × 106 rad by use of purified rubber and 5% of additive, and the reaction is dose-rate dependent with an intensity exponent of 0.57. The reaction is further accelerated by the addition of small quantities of solvents. By use of C14-labeled dimaleimides it is shown that there is approximately one dimaleimide unit to each crosslink. Possible chain mechanisms for the reaction are discussed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1962.1205816645
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alkynylamines from Halogenoalkynes and Tertiary Amines (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 3 (1964), S. 582-583 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196405823
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of dimaleimides as accelerators for the radiation-induced vulcanization of hydrocarbon polymers. Part II. Synthetic rubbers and saturated polymers (1963)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: General Papers 1 (1963), S. 2537-2549 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2951
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The effect of m-phenylenedimaleimide on the rate of cross linking of synthetic rubbers, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, and other polymers, under the action of ionizing radiation is described. The dose reduction factor for equivalent degrees of crosslinking obtained with and without the maleimide varies from 10 to 25 for the synthetic rubber. Further evidence is given to show that maleimides sensitize the vulcanization of unsaturated polymers, principally by copolymerization, and certain saturated polymers containing labile atoms, by a transfer mechanism.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1963.100010804
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  • 6
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    Ionospheric Sounding Using Real-Time Amateur Radio Reporting Networks (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-24
    Description: Amateur radio reporting networks, such as the Reverse Beacon Network (RBN), PSKReporter, and the Weak Signal Propagation Network, are powerful tools for remote sensing the ionosphere. These voluntarily constructed and operated networks provide real-time and archival data that could be used for space weather operations, forecasting, and research. The potential exists for the study of both global and localized effects. The capability of one such network to detect space weather disturbances is demonstrated by examining the impacts on RBN-observed HF propagation paths of an X2.9 class solar flare detected by the GOES 15 satellite. Prior to the solar flare, the RBN observed strong HF propagation conditions between multiple continents, primarily Europe, North America, and South America. Immediately following the GOES 15 detection of the solar flare, the number of reported global RBN propagation paths dropped to less than 35% that of prior observations. After the flare, the RBN showed the gradual recovery of HF propagation conditions
    Print ISSN: 1539-4964
    Electronic ISSN: 1542-7390
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 7
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    Ecological processes dominate the 13C land disequilibrium in a Rocky Mountain subalpine forest (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-14
    Description: Fossil fuel combustion has increased atmospheric CO 2 by ≈ 115 µmol mol -1 since 1750, and decreased its carbon isotope composition (δ 13 C) by 1.7-2 ‰ (the 13 C Suess effect). Because carbon is stored in the terrestrial biosphere for decades and longer, the δ 13 C of CO 2 released by terrestrial ecosystems is expected to differ from the δ 13 C of CO 2 assimilated by land plants during photosynthesis. This isotopic difference between land-atmosphere respiration (δ R ) and photosynthetic assimilation (δ A ) fluxes gives rise to the 13 C land disequilibrium (D). Contemporary understanding suggests that over annual and longer time scales, D is determined primarily by the Suess effect, and thus D is generally positive (δ R  〉 δ A ). A seven-year record of biosphere-atmosphere carbon exchange was used to evaluate the seasonality of δ A and δ R , and the 13 C land disequilibrium, in a subalpine conifer forest. A novel isotopic mixing model was employed to determine the δ 13 C of net land-atmosphere exchange during day and night, and combined with tower-based flux observations to assess δ A and δ R . The disequilibrium varied seasonally, and when flux-weighted was opposite in sign than expected from the Suess effect (D = -0.75 ± 0.21 ‰ or -0.88 ± 0.10 ‰ depending on method). Seasonality in D appeared to be driven by photosynthetic discrimination (Δ canopy ) responding to environmental factors. Possible explanations for negative D include: 1) changes in Δ canopy over decades as CO 2 and temperature have risen, and/or 2) post-photosynthetic fractionation processes leading to sequestration of isotopically-enriched carbon in long-lived pools like wood and soil.
    Print ISSN: 0886-6236
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-9224
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 8
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    Nox2 and p47phox modulate compensatory growth of primary collateral arteries (2014)
    The American Physiological Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-16
    Description: The role of NADPH oxidase (Nox) in both the promotion and impairment of compensatory collateral growth remains controversial because the specific Nox and reactive oxygen species involved are unclear. The aim of this study was to identify the primary Nox and reactive oxygen species associated with early stage compensatory collateral growth in young, healthy animals. Ligation of the feed arteries that form primary collateral pathways in rat mesentery and mouse hindlimb was used to assess the role of Nox during collateral growth. Changes in mesenteric collateral artery Nox mRNA expression determined by real-time PCR at 1, 3, and 7 days relative to same-animal control arteries suggested a role for Nox subunits Nox2 and p47 phox . Administration of apocynin or Nox2ds-tat suppressed collateral growth in both rat and mouse models, suggesting the Nox2/p47 phox interaction was involved. Functional significance of p47 phox expression was assessed by evaluation of collateral growth in rats administered p47 phox small interfering RNA and in p47 phox–/– mice. Diameter measurements of collateral mesenteric and gracilis arteries at 7 and 14 days, respectively, indicated no significant collateral growth compared with control rats or C57BL/6 mice. Chronic polyethylene glycol-conjugated catalase administration significantly suppressed collateral development in rats and mice, implying a requirement for H 2 O 2 . Taken together, these results suggest that Nox2, modulated at least in part by p47 phox , mediates early stage compensatory collateral development via a process dependent upon peroxide generation. These results have important implications for the use of antioxidants and the development of therapies for peripheral arterial disease.
    Print ISSN: 0363-6135
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-1539
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Physiological Society (APS)
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  • 9
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    Mesenchymal stem cells and conditioned medium avert enteric neuropathy and colon dysfunction in guinea pig TNBS-induced colitis (2014)
    The American Physiological Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-02
    Description: Damage to the enteric nervous system (ENS) associated with intestinal inflammation may underlie persistent alterations to gut functions, suggesting that enteric neurons are viable targets for novel therapies. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) offer therapeutic benefits for attenuation of neurodegenerative diseases by homing to areas of inflammation and exhibiting neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. In culture, MSCs release soluble bioactive factors promoting neuronal survival and suppressing inflammation suggesting that MSC-conditioned medium (CM) provides essential factors to repair damaged tissues. We investigated whether MSC and CM treatments administered by enema attenuate 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced enteric neuropathy and motility dysfunction in the guinea pig colon. Guinea pigs were randomly assigned to experimental groups and received a single application of TNBS (30 mg/kg) followed by 1 x 10 6 human bone marrow-derived MSCs, 300 μl CM, or 300 μl unconditioned medium 3 h later. After 7 days, the effect of these treatments on enteric neurons was assessed by histological, immunohistochemical, and motility analyses. MSC and CM treatments prevented inflammation-associated weight loss and gross morphological damage in the colon; decreased the quantity of immune infiltrate in the colonic wall ( P 〈 0.01) and at the level of the myenteric ganglia ( P 〈 0.001); prevented loss of myenteric neurons ( P 〈 0.05) and damage to nerve processes, changes in ChAT, and nNOS immunoreactivity ( P 〈 0.05); and alleviated inflammation-induced colonic dysmotility (contraction speed; P 〈 0.001, contractions/min; P 〈 0.05). These results provide strong evidence that both MSC and CM treatments can effectively prevent damage to the ENS and alleviate gut dysfunction caused by TNBS-induced colitis.
    Print ISSN: 0193-1857
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-1547
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Physiological Society (APS)
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  • 10
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    Presence of intramucosal neuroglial cells in normal and aganglionic human colon (2014)
    The American Physiological Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-16
    Description: The enteric nervous system (ENS) is composed of neural crest-derived neurons (also known as ganglion cells) the cell bodies of which are located in the submucosal and myenteric plexuses of the intestinal wall. Intramucosal ganglion cells are known to exist but are rare and often considered ectopic. Also derived from the neural crest are enteric glial cells that populate the ganglia and the associated nerves, as well as the lamina propria of the intestinal mucosa. In Hirschsprung disease (HSCR), ganglion cells are absent from the distal gut because of a failure of neural crest-derived progenitor cells to complete their rostrocaudal migration during embryogenesis. The fate of intramucosal glial cells in human HSCR is essentially unknown. We demonstrate a network of intramucosal cells that exhibit dendritic morphology typical of neurons and glial cells. These dendritic cells are present throughout the human gut and express Tuj1, S100, glial fibrillary acidic protein, CD56, synaptophysin, and calretinin, consistent with mixed or overlapping neuroglial differentiation. The cells are present in aganglionic colon from patients with HSCR, but with an altered immunophenotype. Coexpression of Tuj1 and HNK1 in this cell population supports a neural crest origin. These findings extend and challenge the current understanding of ENS microanatomy and suggest the existence of an intramucosal population of neural crest-derived cells, present in HSCR, with overlapping immunophenotype of neurons and glia. Intramucosal neuroglial cells have not been previously recognized, and their presence in HSCR poses new questions about ENS development and the pathobiology of HSCR that merit further investigation.
    Print ISSN: 0193-1857
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-1547
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Physiological Society (APS)
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