Note: Front Cover -- Cytogenetics of Cells in Culture -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- CHARLES MARC POMERAT -- LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1. CYTOGENETIC ALTERATIONS IN MIXED CULTURES OF MAMMALIAN SOMATIC CELLS IN VITRO -- INTRODUCTION -- CONCLUSIONS AND SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2. HYBRIDIZATION OF SOMATIC CELLS JN VITRO -- INTRODUCTION -- HYBRIDS OBTAINED UP TO DATE -- SELECTION AND VIABILITY OF HYBRIDS -- CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION^ -- SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3. SELECTION PRESSURE IN MAMMALIAN CELL POPULATIONS -- INTRODUCTION -- THE CONTRIBUTION OF ERROR -- NORMAL SOMATIC TISSUES -- IRRADIATED SOMATIC TISSUES -- DISCUSSION -- SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4. PHASE CINEMATOGRAPHY STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF RADIATION AND OF SOME CHEMICALS ON CELLS AND CHROMOSOMES -- INTRODUCTION -- CYTOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF VARIOUS CELLULAR ORGANELLES TO CERTAIN CHEMICALS -- BEHAVIOR OF CHROMOSOMES IN GRASSHOPPER SPERMATOCYTES FOLLOWING β-IRRADIATION -- BEHAVIOR OF THE TELOPHASE CHROMOSOME GROUP IN SILKWORM SPERMATOCYTES FOLLOWING ULTRAVIOLET MICROBEAM IRRADIATION -- GENERAL SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5. CELLULAR INTERPRETATION OF ASPECTS OF THE ACUTE MAMMALIAN RADIATION SYNDROME -- INTRODUCTION -- DIFFICULTIES IN INTERPRETATION OF THE RADIATION SYNDROME -- SURVIVAL CURVES FOR MAMMALIAN CELLS IN VITRO -- INTERPRETATION OF THE ACUTE WHOLE-BODY RADIATION SYNDROME ON THE BASIS OF CELL REPRODUCTIVE KILLING -- FURTHER EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FOR THIS FORMULATION -- IDENTIFICATION OF THE SITE WITHIN THE CELL RESPONSIBLE FOR THE LETHAL ACTION -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6. RETENTION OF EUPLOIDY AND MUTAGENICITY OF HETEROCHROMATIN IN CULTURE -- INTRODUCTION -- SEX HETEROCHROMATIN -- RETENTION OF EUPLOIDY IN VITRO -- EUPLOID SPONTANEOUS NEOPLASIA -- INDUCED MALIGNANCIES. , IN VIVO TRANSPLANTATION OF POLYOMA-TRANSFORMED EUPLOID CELL LINES -- SPONTANEOUS TUMOR 89 -- SPECIFICITY OF BUDR FOR SECONDARY CONSTRICTIONS -- TELOMERIC ASSOCIATION -- LESION OF SECONDARY CONSTRICTIONS OF X-CHROMOSOMES OF POLYOMA-TRANSFORMED CELLS -- CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ADENOVIRUS -- SUMMARY -- ADDENDUM -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7. THE NATURE, ORIGIN, AND GENETIC IMPLICATIONS OF STRUCTURAL ABNORMALITIES OF THE SEX CHROMOSOMES IN MAN -- INTRODUCTION -- ABNORMALITIES OF THE Y-CHROMOSOME -- SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8. CHROMOSOME STUDIES IN THE GENERAL POPULATION -- INTRODUCTION -- COMPOSITION OF THE STUDY POPULATION -- METHOD -- RESULTS: GERIATRIC POPULATION -- GENERAL POPULATION -- DISCUSSION -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9. ALTÉRATIONS CHROMOSOMIQUES DANS DES CELLULES CULTIVÉES EN PRÉSENCE D'EXTRAITS TISSULAIRES HÉTÉROSPÉCIFIQUES1 -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIEL ET TECHNIQUES -- RESULTATS -- DISCUSSION -- RESUME -- SUMMARY -- BIBLIOGRAPHIE -- Chapter 10. CHROMOSOMAL STUDIES ON HUMAN LEUCOCYTES FOLLOWING TREATMENT WITH RADIOACTIVE IODINE IN VIVO AND IN VITRO -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- RESULTS -- DISCUSSION -- SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 11. THE LIMITED IN VITRO LIFETIME OF HUMAN DIPLOID CELL STRAINS -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS -- DISCUSSION -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 12. REGULATION OF DNA REPLICATION AND VARIEGATION-TYPE POSITION EFFECTS -- PATTERNS OF ASYNCHRONOUS REPLICATION -- LATE REPLICATION, HETEROPYCNOSIS, AND GENETIC INACTIVATION -- TESTS OF THE INACTIVATION HYPOTHESIS -- INDUCTION OF THE REPRESSED STATE -- HYPOTHESIS FOR A GENERAL REPRESSOR SYSTEM -- SUMMARY AND PREDICTIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 13. IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HUMAN CHROMOSOMES BY DNA REPLICATION SEQUENCE -- INTRODUCTION. , CHROMOSOMAL CHARACTERISTICS -- COMMENTS -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 14. MUTAGENIC RESPONSE OF HUMAN SOMATIC CELL LINES -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSIONS AND SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 15. DNA SYNTHESIS AND CHROMOSOMAL MORPHOLOGY OF CHINESE HAMSTER CELLS CULTURED IN MEDIA CONTAINING N-DEACETYL-N-METHYLCOLCHICINE (COLCEMID) -- INTRODUCTION -- PROCEDURES -- EXPERIMENTAL DATA -- DISCUSSION -- SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 16. HETEROCHROMATIN IN THE HUMAN MALE -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- RESULTS -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 17. CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE ASSOCIATED WITH VIRUSES AND DNA INHIBITORS -- INTRODUCTION -- ROUS SARCOMA -- MEASLES -- DEOXYADENOSINE AND CYTOSINE ARABINOSIDE -- ROUS VIRUS AND HUMAN LEUCOCYTE CULTURES -- SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 18. QUANTITATION AND AUTOMATION OF CHROMOSOMAL DATA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE CHROMOSOMES OF THE HAMSHIRE PIG -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- RESULTS -- DISCUSSION -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- AUTHOR INDEX.

Note: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance -- Contents -- Chapter 1 Nuclear Shielding -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Basic Aspects of Nuclear Shielding -- A General Theory -- B Basic Physical Aspects -- 3 Calculations of Nuclear Shielding -- A Introduction -- B Ab Initio Calculations -- C Empirical and Semi-empirical Calculations -- 4 Transmission of Effects within Molecules -- A Introduction -- B 'Resonance Effects', 'Inductive Effects', and 'Substituent Effects' in General -- C Magnetic Anisotropy Effects -- E Electric Field Effects -- F van der Waals and Steric Effects -- G Hydrogen Bonding Effects -- H Isotope Shifts -- 5 Shielding of Particular Nuclear Species -- A Introduction -- B Fluorine Chemical Shifts -- C Phosphorus Chemical Shifts -- D Boron Chemical Shifts -- E Silicon Chemical Shifts -- F Nitrogen Chemical Shifts -- G Chemical Shifts of other Nuclei -- 6 Conclusions -- Chapter2 Nuclear Spin-Spin Coupling -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theoretical Work -- A Ab Initio Calculations -- B Semi-empirical Calculations -- C Other Topics of Theoretical Interest -- 3 Coupling of Directly Bonded Nuclei -- A Coupling to Hydrogen -- B Coupling to Elements of Groups IIIB and IVB -- C Coupling to Elements of Group VB -- D Coupling to Elements of Group VIB -- E Coupling to Elements of Group VIIB -- F Miscellaneous One-bond Couplings -- 4 Coupling between Nuclei Separated by Two Chemical Bonds, 2J -- A Geminal Proton-Proton Coupling -- B Two-bond Coupling of Other Nuclei to Protons -- C Two-bond Coupling to Carbon, Excluding 2J(13CX1H) -- D 2J(31P,29Si) -- E Coupling of Group VB and VIIB Elements to Group VB -- F Two-bond (19F,19F) Coupling -- G Miscellaneous Two-bond Couplings -- 5 Coupling between Nuclei Separated by Three Chemical Bonds, 3J -- A Vicinal Proton-Proton Coupling via Carbon 3J(1HCC1H) -- B Three-bond coupling of Protons via Other Atoms. , C Three-bond Coupling of Other Nuclei to Protons -- D Three-bond Coupling to Carbon -- E Three-bond Coupling to Phosphorus -- F Three-bond Coupling to Fluorine -- 6 Coupling between Nuclei Separated by Four Chemical Bonds, 4J -- A Proton-Proton Coupling via Carbon, 4J(1HCCC1H) -- B Four-bond Coupling of Protons via Other Atoms -- C Four-bond Coupling of Other Nuclei to Protons -- D Four-bond Coupling to Carbon -- E Four-bond Coupling to Fluorine -- A Proton-ProtonCoupling via Carbon,5J(1HCCCC1H) -- B Five-bond Proton-Proton Coupling via Other Atoms -- C Five-bond Coupling of Other Nuclei to Protons -- D Five-bond Coupling to Carbon -- E Five-bond (19F,19F) Coupling -- F 5J(195PtSiCCC19F) -- G Other Five-bond Couplings -- 8 Coupling between Nuclei Separated by Six Chemical Bonds,6J -- A Proton-Proton Coupling via Carbon, 6J(1HCCCCC1H) -- B Proton-Proton Coupling via Other Atoms -- C Six-bond Coupling of Other Nuclei to Protons -- 9 Coupling between Nuclei Separated by Seven or More Chemical Bonds -- A 7J(lH,1H) -- B 9J(1HCCCCCCCC1H) -- C nJ(19F,19F) -- n = 9-14 -- 10 Coupling in π-Electron Systems -- A Homo-aromatic Molecules -- B Annulenes -- C Heterocyclic Molecules -- D Linear Molecules -- 11 Through-space Coupling -- 12 Recent Experimental Advances -- Chapter3 Nuclear Spin Relaxation in Liquids -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Models for Molecular Rotation -- 3 Relaxation Studies in Pure Liquids -- A Proton and Deuteron Relaxation -- B 13C Relaxation -- C 29Si Relaxation -- D 207Pb Relaxation -- E Studies of Several Resonant Nuclei: 1H, 2H, 14N, 19F, 35Cl -- 4 Relaxation Studies in Liquid Mixtures of Non-electrolytes -- A Proton and Deuteron Relaxation -- B 13C Relaxation -- C Studies of Several Resonant Nuclei: 1H, 2H, 14N, 19F -- 5 Relaxation Studies in Electrolyte Solutions -- A Proton Relaxation -- B 13C Relaxation. , C Relaxation of Heavy Spin-1/2 Nuclei: 113Cd, 199Hg, 205Tl, 207Pb -- D Relaxation of Alkali-metal and Halogen Nuclei: 7Li, 23Na, 85Rb, 87Rb, 133Cs, 19F, 35Cl, 37Cl, 79Br, 81Br, 127I -- Chapter 4 Bandshape Phenomena in Liquids -- 1 Introduction -- A Recent Developments -- B Coverage of the Report -- 2 Experimental Aspects -- A Fourier Transform versus Continuous Wave Spectra -- B Resolution Enhancement -- C Magnetic Field Inhomogeneities -- 3 Exchange of Magnetic Sites -- A General Aspects -- B Intramolecular Exchange -- C Intermolecular Exchange -- D Mechanistic Studies in Inorganic Chemistry -- 4 Relaxation Effects: Linewidths -- A Theoretical Work -- B Chemical Exchange Rates Determined by the Swift-Connick Approach -- C Linewidth Determinations in Paramagnetic Systems -- D Effects of Scalar Coupling to Quadrupolar Nuclei -- Chapter5 Multiple Resonance -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theory of Multiple Resonance -- 3 Experimental Techniques -- 4 The Nuclear Overhauser Effect -- A Intramolecular -- B Intermolecular -- 5 Chemical Applications of Multiple Resonance -- A Decoupling: Simplification and Assignment -- B Selective Irradiation Experiments: Measurements of Magnitudes and Relative Signs of Coupling Constants -- C Chemical Shift Determination -- 6 Solid-state Studies -- Chapter6 Macromolecules -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Reviews -- 3 Synthetic Macromolecules -- A 1H High-resolution N.M.R. -- B Broadline N.M.R. -- C Spin-echo N.M.R. -- D 13C N.M.R. -- E 19F N.M.R. -- 4 Biological and Related Macromolecules -- A 1H N.M.R. of Synthetic Polypeptides -- B 1H N.M.R. of Natural and Related Polypeptides and Polysaccharides -- C 1H N.M.R. of Proteins -- D 1H N.M.R. of Enzymes -- E 1H N.M.R. of Polynucleotides -- F 13C Studies -- G Other Nuclei -- 5 Small Molecules -- A 1H Studies of Hydration -- B 1H N.M.R.- General Studies -- C 13C N.M.R. Studies -- D Other Nuclei. , E Counter-ion N.M.R. -- Chapter 7 Liquid Crystals and Micellar Solutions -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Reviews -- 3 Lyotropic Liquid Crystal Phases -- A Alkyl-chain Resonances -- B Water Studies -- C Counter-ion Studies -- D Vesicle Studies -- 4 Thermotropic Liquid Crystals -- 5 Micelles -- 6 Reversed Micelles -- 7 Microemulsions and Emulsions -- Chapter 8 The Solid State -- 1 General Introduction -- 2 Half-integral Spins in Diamagnetic Solids -- A Introduction -- B Theory of the Resonance Spectrum -- C Nuclear Spin-Lattice Relaxation Theory -- D Structural Studies -- E Motional Studies (Classical Regime) -- F Quantum Effects -- G High Resolution in Solids -- H N.M.R. Image Formation -- A Introduction -- B 2H N.M.R. -- C First-row Elements -- D Second-row Elements -- E Other Nuclei -- 4 Systems with Unpaired Electrons in the Absence of Magnetic Ordering -- A Non-metallic Paramagnetic Systems -- B Metals -- C Alloys -- D Semiconductors -- E Metal Hydrides -- F One-dimensional Metals -- 5 Ordered Magnetic Materials -- A Ferromagnetic Materials -- B Antiferromagnetic Materials -- C Ferrimagnetic Materials -- 6 New Apparatus and Techniques -- A Techniques -- B Analysis -- C Sources of Error -- D Apparatus -- 7 Surface Phenomena -- A Introduction -- B Adsorption on Graphite and Charcoal -- C Adsorption on Silica -- D Adsorption on Aluminas and other Surfaces -- E Zeolites -- Chapter 9 Medium Effects -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Non-specific Medium Effects -- 3 Effects due to Specific Interactions with the Medium -- A The ASIS Effect -- B Hydrogen-bonded Systems -- C Aqueous Systems -- D Ionic Solutions -- E Micellar Aggregation -- 4 Shift Reagents -- Author Index.

Note: Front Cover -- Neuroimmune Signaling in Drug Actions and Addictions -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter One: Neuroimmune Mechanisms of Alcohol and Drug Addiction -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Neuroimmune Modulation of Synaptic Function -- 3. Neuroinflammation -- 4. Neuroimmune Molecules in Neurodevelopment -- 5. Neuroimmune Factors Modulate Neuroendocrine Function -- 6. Neuroimmune Mechanism and Addiction -- 7. Summary -- References -- Chapter Two: Neuroimmune Pathways in Alcohol Consumption: Evidence from Behavioral and Genetic Studies in Rodents and Humans -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Immune Regulation of Ethanol Consumption and Ethanol Regulation of Immune Signaling -- 3. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors: Anti-Inflammatory Action and Role in Alcohol Consumption -- 4. Alcohol Consumption and Neuroimmune-Related Gene Expression -- 5. Alcohol Consumption and Neuroimmune-Related microRNAs -- 6. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter Three: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders and Neuroimmune Changes -- 1. Overview of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders -- 2. Normal Brain Development -- 3. FASD Neuropathology in Humans -- 4. FASD Neuropathology in Animal Models -- 5. Behavioral Consequences in Humans with FASD -- 6. Behavioral Consequences in Rodent Models of FASD -- 7. Overview: Alcohol Effects on Immune Response in the Brain -- 8. Microglia -- 8.1. Overview -- 8.2. Role in the CNS development -- 8.3. Function in the healthy CNS -- 8.4. Immune response -- 9. Potential Long-Term Consequences of Immune Activation in the Developing CNS -- 10. Link Between Ethanol and Immune Responses -- 10.1. Human studies -- 10.2. Animal studies -- 10.3. Signaling pathways -- 11. Therapies -- 11.1. Early diagnosis of FASD -- 11.2. Development of novel anti-inflammatory therapies for FASD -- 11.2.1. Pioglitazone -- 11.2.2. Minocycline. , 11.2.3. Naltrexone -- 12. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter Four: Role of Microglia in Regulation of Ethanol Neurotoxic Action -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Microglial Cell Functions in the CNS -- 2.1. Microglial response to pathogens and tissue damage -- 2.2. Microglia, inflammation, and cell death -- 2.3. Microglial modulation of neuronal activity and development -- 3. Microglial Mechanisms of the Neurotoxic Effects of Alcohol -- 3.1. Alcohol-induced microglial activation, inflammation, and neurotoxicity -- 3.2. Alcohol-induced microglial production of ROS and neurotoxicity -- 4. Protective Effects of Microglia -- 5. Alcohol-Related Disease, Neurotoxicity, and Microglia -- 5.1. Adult alcohol-use disorders -- 5.2. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders -- 5.3. Microglia priming hypothesis -- 6. Summary and Future Directions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter Five: Functions of the Chemokine Receptor CXCR4 in the Central Nervous System and Its Regulation by μ-Opioid Rece... -- 1. Chemokine System Overview -- 2. Opioid System Overview -- 3. CXCR4 and Opioids Actions in the Central Nervous System -- 3.1. Physiological and pathological roles of CXCR4 -- 3.2. Effects of opioids on neuronal and non-neuronal cells -- 4. CXCR4 Interactions with Opioids -- 4.1. Heterologous desensitization -- 4.2. Transcriptional regulation/changes in expression -- 4.3. Receptor dimerization -- 4.4. Novel regulatory mechanisms: Ferritin heavy chain -- 5. Chemokine and Opioid Interactions in HAND -- 6. Gaps and Future Challenges -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter Six: Discovery of a Novel Site of Opioid Action at the Innate Immune Pattern-Recognition Receptor TLR4 and its Ro... -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Innate Immunity of the Central Nervous System -- 3. Parallels Between an Immune Response to Lipopolysaccharide and Opioids. , 4. How Immune Mediators Can Alter Behavior -- 5. Stress and the Central Nervous System´s Innate Immune System -- 6. Addiction -- 6.1. Opponent theory and allostasis -- 7. Integrating Addiction Neuroscience with Immunology -- 7.1. Binge and intoxication -- 7.2. Withdrawal and negative affect -- 7.2.1. Within system adaptations-A desensitized reward pathway -- 7.2.2. Between system adaptations-Recruitment of antireward pathway -- 7.3. Preoccupation and craving -- 8. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter Seven: Neuroimmune Basis of Methamphetamine Toxicity -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Part 1 -- 2.1. Microglia and astrocytes -- 2.1.1. Microglia -- 2.1.2. Astrocytes -- 2.2. Inflammatory signaling -- 2.3. Molecular/cellular: receptors and transporters -- 2.3.1. Neurotransmitter modulation of methamphetamine´s inflammatory effects -- 3. Part 2 -- 3.1. Animal models -- 4. Part 3 -- 4.1. Blood-brain barrier and clinical considerations -- 4.1.1. Blood-brain barrier -- 4.1.2. Methamphetamine exposure and BBB integrity -- 4.1.3. Clinical picture: immune signaling in addictive and related behaviors -- 4.1.4. Chronic infection with human immunodeficiency virus and/or hepatitis C virus -- 5. Part 4 -- 5.1. Vaccine development -- 5.2. Neuroimmune-based and other anti-inflammatory treatment strategies -- 5.3. Future directions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter Eight: Marijuana Use and Brain Immune Mechanisms -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Phytocannabinoids and Immune Function -- 3. Immune Modulation and Cannabinoid Receptors -- 4. Marijuana and Neuroimmunity -- 5. Effect of Phytocannabinoids on Microglia -- 6. Marijuana and Astrocytes -- 7. Marijuana and Infectious Agents That Target the CNS -- 8. Summary and Future Prospectives -- References -- Chapter Nine: Interactions of HIV and Drugs of Abuse: The Importance of Glia, Neural Progenitors, and Host Genetic Factors. , 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Opiates and HIV-Preclinical and clinical findings -- 1.2. Psychostimulants and HIV -- 1.3. The central role of glia -- 2. Microglia -- 2.1. Microglia as innate immune effectors -- 2.2. Microglia and HIV -- 2.2.1. Opioid and HIV actions in microglia -- 2.2.2. Psychostimulant and HIV actions in microglia -- 2.2.2.1. Methamphetamine and HIV -- 3. Astroglia -- 3.1. Critical functions in neuronal support and gliotransmission -- 3.2. Innate immune effectors -- 3.3. Astroglia and HIV -- 3.4. Effects of opiates and HIV in astroglia -- 3.5. Effects of psychostimulants and HIV in astroglia -- 4. Genetic Factors That Modulate HIV-1 Infectivity and Neuropathogenesis -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.1.1. Mitochondrial genetics -- 4.2. Gene variation in opiate drug abuse and HIV interactions -- 5. Neural/Glial Progenitors and HIV -- 5.1. Opiate and opiate-HIV interactions on progenitors and cell populations -- 5.2. Psychostimulant-HIV interactions on progenitors and cell populations -- 6. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter Ten: Neuroimmune Basis of Alcoholic Brain Damage -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Alcohol-Induced Neurodegeneration and Alcoholism -- 3. Loss of Neurogenesis Could Contribute to Alcoholic Neurodegeneration -- 4. Monocytes and Innate Immune Genes -- 5. Alcohol, Neuroimmune Signaling, and Neurodegeneration -- 6. Ethanol Induction of HMGB1-TLR Signaling in Brain -- 7. NADPH Oxidase and Neurodegeneration -- 8. Neuroimmune Signaling, Hyperexcitability, and Neuronal Death -- 9. Adolescence: A Major Period of Risk for Alcohol Dependence -- 10. Neuroimmune Gene Expression in Postmortem Human Alcoholic Brain -- 11. Summary -- References -- Chapter Eleven: Converging Actions of Alcohol on Liver and Brain Immune Signaling -- 1. Introduction. , 2. Pathology and Cellular Characteristics of Neuroinflammation After Alcohol Exposure -- 2.1. Microglia and astrocytes -- 2.2. Neurons -- 2.3. Cytokines and chemokines -- 3. Molecular Mechanisms of Alcohol-Induced Neuroinflammation -- 3.1. Pattern recognition receptors sense danger signals in the brain (TLRs and NLRs) -- 3.2. Exogenous and endogenous danger signals are induced by alcohol use -- 3.3. Micro-RNAs -- 3.4. Oxidative stress -- 4. Crosstalk Between Organs -- 4.1. Gut-liver-brain axis -- 5. Therapeutic Targets -- 5.1. General consideration -- 5.2. TNFα system -- 5.3. IL-1β system -- 5.4. miR-155 -- 5.5. HMGB1 -- 5.6. TLR4 pathway -- 6. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter Twelve: Opportunities for the Development of Neuroimmune Therapies in Addiction -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Neuroinflammation and alcohol dependence -- 1.2. Neuroinflammation and MA dependence -- 1.3. Neuroinflammation and HIV -- 2. Neuroimmune Treatments -- 2.1. Ibudilast -- 2.2. Minocycline and doxycycline -- 2.3. Topiramate -- 2.4. Indomethacin -- 2.5. Rolipram -- 2.6. Anakinra (IL-1Ra) -- 2.7. PPAR agonists -- 2.8. Naltrexone/naloxone -- 2.9. Summary and conclusions -- References -- Chapter Thirteen: NeuroHIV and Use of Addictive Substances -- 1. Brain-Immune Interactions: Induction of Neuroinflammation by Systemic Infections -- 2. Medical Uses and Adverse Effects of Addictive Substances -- 3. HIV-1 Infection and HIV-Associated Neuropathology -- 4. HIV-1 Infection, NeuroHIV, and the Use of Addictive Substances -- 4.1. Addiction and neuroHIV -- 4.2. Endogenous opioid system -- 4.3. HIV-1 and the dopaminergic system -- 4.4. Morphine and neuroHIV -- 4.5. Alcohol and HIV-1 -- 4.6. Nicotine and HIV-1 -- 4.7. Interactive effects of alcohol and nicotine in neuroHIV -- 4.8. Cocaine and HIV-1 -- 4.9. Methamphetamine and HIV-1 -- 4.10. Marijuana and HIV-1 -- 4.11. Summary. , 5. Conclusion.

Note: Front Cover -- Contents -- Preface -- Editors -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Mental Energy and Fatigue : Science and the Consumer -- Chapter 2: Hydration and Brain Function -- Chapter 3: Diet as an Analgesic Modality -- Chapter 4: Breakfast and Adult and Child Behaviors -- Chapter 5: Diet, Physical Activity, and Substrate Oxidation : Implications for Appetite Control, Weight Loss, and Body Composition -- Chapter 6: The Reward Deficiency Hypothesis : Implications for Obesity and Other Eating Disorders -- Chapter 7: Potential Consequences of Obesity on Cognitive Behavior -- Chapter 8: Dietary Supplements for Weight Loss -- Chapter 9: Sweet Taste Preferences and Cravings in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) : Implications for Diet and Medical Management -- Chapter 10: Homocysteine, B Vitamins, and Cognitive Function -- Chapter 11: Creatine, Brain Functioning, and Behavior -- Chapter 12: Theanine, Mood, and Behavior -- Chapter 13: Caffeine : Practical Implications -- Chapter 14: Caffeine Effects on Aggression and Risky Decision Making -- Back Cover.