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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peripheral input pathways to the monkey motor cortex (1980)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 38 (1980), S. 349-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Motor cortex ; Monkey evoked potential ; Sensory pathway
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have shown (Asanuma et al., 1979c) that the monkey motor cortex receives peripheral somesthetic inputs directly from the thalamus. In the present experiments, we studied the pathways which mediated these inputs by stimulating superficial radial (SR) and deep radial (DR) nerves and recording evoked potentials from the motor and sensory cortices and the following results were obtained: 1. The focus for SR and DR evoked potentials in the sensory cortex was located in a circumscribed small area whereas in the motor cortex, the evoked potentials were distributed in a wide area along the central sulcus including the distal forelimb area. 2. Ablation of the sensory cortex reduced the size, but neither abolished nor changed the latency of the evoked potentials in the motor cortex. 3. Section of dorsal column nearly abolished the evoked potentials in the motor cortex, but only halved their size in the sensory cortex. 4. Section of ventrolateral cervical column including the spinothalamic tract halved the size of evoked potentials in the sensory cortex, but did not change the size in the motor cortex. 5. It is concluded that direct peripheral inputs to the motor cortex are mediated primarily through the dorsal column system whereas the peripheral inputs to the sensory cortex are mediated through both dorsal column and spinothalamic tract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236655
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low threshold motor effects produced by stimulation of area preinsularis (2pr.i) of the secondary sensory cortex in the cat; Input-output relationships (1983)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 51 (1983), S. 108-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Sensory cortex ; Motor effects ; ICMS ; Area 2 pr.i
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary (1) Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) delivered to area 2 preinsularis (area 2 pr. i) of the second somatosensory cortex, SII, elicited contralateral distal limb movements with threshold currents as low as 2 μA. (2) The effective sites for a particular movement were located in a small area within the depth of the cortex extending along the direction of the radial fibers. (3) Neurons in an area for a particular movement generally received peripheral input from the skin overlying the muscle to which the area projected. (4) ICMS in area 2 pr.i produced powerful monosynaptic as well as disynaptic activation of pyramidal tract neurons, suggesting that the effect was mediated by the pyramidal tract. (5) Ablation of the motor cortex did not eliminate or otherwise reduce the low threshold responses from area 2 pr.i suggesting that the described effect is independent of the motor cortex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236808
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pattern of projection and physiological properties of cortico-cortical connections from the posterior bank of the ansate sulcus to the motor cortex, area 4γ, in the cat (1982)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 48 (1982), S. 335-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cortico-cortical connections ; Area 4γ ; Cats ; Parietal cortex ; Ansate sulcus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The physiological properties of neurons lying along the posterior bank of the ansate sulcus and the projection of these neurons to area 4γ of the motor cortex of the cat were studied and the following results were obtained: (1) Short latency antidromic responses were recorded from neurons along the medial-lateral bank of the posterior ansate sulcus following intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) delivered to motor cortex, area 4γ. (2) The posterior ansate region projects topographically to the motor cortex. Neurons in the most medial part of the ansate region project to the medial part of 4γ, while neurons in the central and lateral parts of the ansate region project to the more lateral parts of area 4γ. (3) In 33 cases, receptive field information was available for both the antidromically activated ansate neuron and from neurons around the stimulating site in 4γ. In 58% of the cases, both cortical sites received afferent input from within the same part of the periphery. (4) Afferent input to the motor cortex was examined following combined ablations of the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) and third somatosensory cortex (SIII) including all of area 5. We conclude that the integrity of these cortical regions is not necessary for afferent input to reach the motor cortex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238609
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological properties and pattern of projection of cortico-cortical connections from the anterior bank of the ansate sulcus to the motor cortex, area 4γ, in the cat (1982)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 46 (1982), S. 403-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Postsigmoid gyrus ; Area 4γ ; Motor cortex ; Ansate sulcus ; Cats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The physiological properties of neurons in the postsigmoid gyrus lying along the anterior bank of the ansate sulcus and the pattern of projection of these neurons to the motor cortex, area 4γ, were investigated in the cat and the following results were obtained. (1) Neurons lying along the anterior bank of the ansate sulcus receive somatotopically organized afferent input from the skin and deep structures on the contralateral side of the body. (2) Short latency antidromic responses were recorded from all regions along the bank of the sulcus following intra-cortical microstimulation (ICMS) of area 4γ. (3) The projection of neurons to area 4γ was topographically organized. Neurons in the lateral portions projected to more lateral parts of 4γ, whereas neurons in the medial region of the postsigmoid gyrus sent axons to the more medial regions of the motor cortex. (4) In 50 cases, receptive fields were recorded from both the antidromically identified postsigmoid gyrus neuron and from neurons around the activation site in area 4γ. In 62% of these instances, both cortical sites received afferent input from within the same part of the periphery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238635
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Movement of facial muscles following intra-cortical microstimulation (ICMS) along the lateral branch of the posterior bank of the ansate sulcus, areas 5a and 5b, in the cat (1983)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 50 (1983), S. 459-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Parietal cortex ; Ansate sulcus ; Facial muscles ; ICMS ; Cats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The lateral branch of the posterior bank of the ansate sulcus within the parietal cortex, areas 5a and 5b, was mapped using intracortical microstimulation (ICMS). Motor effective sites for contraction of facial muscles were identified using ICMS currents of less than 30 μA. Of the 177 effective sites, 78% were activated with threshold currents of less than 20 μA, and of these, 33% responded to stimulus strengths of less than 10 μA. Since neurons in this portion of the ansate region send projections to the face region of motor cortex, area 4γ, the possibility existed that the motor effects might be mediated through area 4γ. To examine this possibility we ablated both the anterior sigmoid gyrus (ASG) and the second somatosensory cortex, SII, including area 2pri, a region shown to contain a low threshold motor component, and report that the motor effect recorded from the ansate region is independent of both the ASG and area 2pri.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239213
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corticocortical connections to the motor cortex from the posterior parietal lobe (areas 5a, 5b, 7) in the cat demonstrated by the retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase (1984)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 54 (1984), S. 476-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Corticocortical connections ; Motor cortex ; Areas 4, 5a, 5b, 7 ; Posterior parietal lobe ; Retrograde transport of HRP ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neurons in the parietal region of the cerebral cortex, projecting to the ipsilateral distal forelimb area of the motor cortex (area 4γ) were identified in the cat brain using the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) retrograde tracing method. After making microinjections of HRP into the distal forelimb area of the motor cortex, clusters of HRP-labeled cell bodies were observed in different regions of the ipsilateral parietal cortex. In particular these clusters of labeled cells were found in areas 5a, 5b and 7. The area 5a cluster is formed from closely packed irregularly-shaped cells, the area 5b cluster is made up of dispersed medium-sized pyramidal cells, while area 7 contains a cluster of widely dispersed small pyramidal cells. Typically, labeled cell bodies were found in lamina III of cortex. Labeled cell bodies were neither observed in the contralateral cortex nor in the visual cortex (areas 17, 18 and 19). Since parietal cortex receives projections from primary somatosensory and visual cortex, the projections from parietal to motor cortex may well form the neural substrate for the processing of convergent sensory information used in voluntary movements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235473
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  • 7
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    Construction and expression of anti-Tn-antigen-specific single-chain antibody genes from hybridoma producing MLS128 monoclonal antibody (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-25
    Description: Anti-Tn-antigen monoclonal antibody MLS128 has affinity for three consecutive Tn-antigens (Tn3) more than Tn2. The major aim of this study was to isolate genes encoding MLS128 variable domains to produce a large quantity of recombinant MLS128 antibodies, in turn, allowing the conduct of studies on precise interactions between Tn3- or Tn2-epitopes and MLS128. This study describes cloning of the variable region genes of MLS128, construction of the variable region genes in single-chain variable fragments (scFv) and two scFvs conjugated with human IgG 1 hinge and Fc regions (scFv–Fc) types, and their respective expression in bacterial and mammalian cell. MLS128 scFv protein with the expected specificity and affinity was successfully prepared from inclusion bodies accumulating in Escherichia coli . Construction, expression and purification of two types of MLS128-scFv–Fc proteins with differing linker lengths in Chinese hamster ovary cells demonstrated that the purified scFv–Fc proteins had binding activity specific to the glycoprotein-expressing Tn-antigen clusters. These results revealed that VL and VH genes cloned from the hybridoma represent those of MLS128 and that recombinant antibodies produced from these genes should provide sufficient amounts of binding domains for use in 3D structural studies such as NMR and X-ray analysis.
    Print ISSN: 0021-924X
    Electronic ISSN: 1756-2651
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Biochemical Society (JBS).
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  • 8
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    Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibition improves pathophysiology of heart failure and increases survival rate in pressure-overloaded mice (2013)
    The American Physiological Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-16
    Description: Incretin hormones, including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a target for diabetes mellitus (DM) treatment, are associated with cardioprotection. As dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibition increases plasma GLP-1 levels in vivo, we investigated the cardioprotective effects of the DPP-IV inhibitor vildagliptin in a murine heart failure (HF) model. We induced transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in C57BL/6J mice, simulating pressure-overloaded cardiac hypertrophy and HF. TAC or sham-operated mice were treated with or without vildagliptin. An intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test revealed that blood glucose levels were higher in the TAC than in sham-operated mice, and these levels improved with vildagliptin administration in both groups. Vildagliptin increased plasma GLP-1 levels in the TAC mice and ameliorated TAC-induced left ventricular enlargement and dysfunction. Vildagliptin palliated both myocardial apoptosis and fibrosis in TAC mice, demonstrated by histological, gene and protein expression analyses, and improved survival rate on day 28 (TAC with vildagliptin, 67.5%; TAC without vildagliptin, 41.5%; P 〈 0.05). Vildagliptin improved cardiac dysfunction and overall survival in the TAC mice, both by improving impaired glucose tolerance and by increasing GLP-1 levels. DPP-IV inhibitors represent a candidate treatment for HF patients with or without DM.
    Print ISSN: 0363-6135
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-1539
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Physiological Society (APS)
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  • 9
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    Characterization of self-assembled virus-like particles of ferret hepatitis E virus generated by recombinant baculoviruses [ANIMAL: RNA VIRUSES] (2013)
    Society for General Microbiology (SGM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-16
    Description: Ferret hepatitis E virus (HEV), a novel hepatitis E-like virus, has been identified in ferrets in The Netherlands. Due to the lack of a cell-culture system for ferret HEV, the antigenicity, pathogenicity and epidemiology of this virus have remained unclear. In the present study, we used a recombinant baculovirus expression system to express the 112-N-terminus and 47-C-terminus-amino-acid-truncated ferret HEV ORF2 protein in insect Tn5 cells, and found that a large amount of a 53 kDa protein (F-p53) was expressed and efficiently released into the supernatant. Electron microscopic analysis revealed that F-p53 was self-assembled into virus-like particles (ferret HEV-LPs). These ferret HEV-LPs were estimated to be 24 nm in diameter, which is similar to the size of G1, G3, G4 and rat HEV-LPs derived from both the N-terminus- and C-terminus-truncated constructs. Antigenic analysis demonstrated that ferret HEV-LPs were cross-reactive with G1, G3, G4 and rat HEVs, and rat HEV and ferret HEV showed a stronger cross-reactivity to each other than either did to human HEV genotypes. However, the antibody against ferret HEV-LPs does not neutralize G3 HEV, suggesting that the serotypes of these two HEVs are different. An ELISA for detection of anti-ferret HEV IgG and IgM antibodies was established using ferret HEV-LPs as antigen, and this assay system will be useful for monitoring ferret HEV infection in ferrets as well as other animals. In addition, analysis of ferret HEV RNA detected in ferret sera collected from a breeding colony in the USA revealed the genetic diversity of ferret HEV.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1465-2099
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Society for General Microbiology (SGM)
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  • 10
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    G0s2 is a positive regulator of OXPHOS [Cell Biology] (2014)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-08
    Description: The oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system generates most of the ATP in respiring cells. ATP-depleting conditions, such as hypoxia, trigger responses that promote ATP production. However, how OXPHOS is regulated during hypoxia has yet to be elucidated. In this study, selective measurement of intramitochondrial ATP levels identified the hypoxia-inducible protein G0/G1...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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