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  • 2010-2014  (27)
  • 1990-1994  (15)
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  • 1
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (21 S., 8,87 MB) , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Language: German
    Note: Förderkennzeichen BMWi 19G8021G. - Verbund-Nr. 01065413 , Unterschiede zwischen dem gedruckten Dokument und der elektronischen Ressource können nicht ausgeschlossen werden , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat reader.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 163-171 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The structural transformations occurring during high-energy mechanical milling and subsequent annealing of YBa2Cu3O7−δ samples have been studied. A high initial oxygen content favors the formation of a metastable (Y0.33Ba0.66)CuO3−x disordered cubic phase. The cubic phase decomposes into a nanocrystalline mixture of Y2BaCuO5 and an yttrium deficient amorphous phase upon further milling. The crystallization enthalpy of the amorphous phase was estimated to be approximately 72.2 kJ/mol with a corresponding activation energy of 800±80 kJ/mol. Upon heating the nanocrystalline cubic phase transforms to the high-oxygen tetra X (O6.77) nonsuperconducting phase. Under oxygen, this last phase is stable up to 930 °C where it transforms to the tetra II low-oxygen (O〈6.4) structure which reverts to the ortho I superconducting phase after adequate cooling. A structural model is proposed in which the formation of coherent domain boundaries and the unusually short c axis associated with the tetra X phase are related to the reordering of the Y-Ba sublattice of the metastable cubic phase. The relative stability of the cubic and tetra X phases as a function of the initial oxygen content before milling indicates that the oxygen concentration may be higher at the domain boundaries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 1918-1922 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new beetle-like scanning tunneling microscope is presented that operates under ultrahigh vacuum conditions and at temperatures down to 7 K. Magnetic fields up to 8 Tesla can be applied using a movable superconducting magnet. The entire setup is described in detail and test measurements are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 5155-5161 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The change in the chemical surface state of polished Si wafers [p-type, (100) oriented] during storage in air at room temperature was investigated for storage times up to half a year. Measurements were performed by x-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and High Resolution Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (HREELS). Immediately after the HF treatment (1 min 5% HF, 2 min water rinse) vibrational spectroscopy (HREELS) shows a predominant coverage of the surface with hydride groups (80%–90% of a ML), which can be inferred from the presence of the stretching (2100 cm−1), scissor (900 cm−1) and bending (640 cm−1) vibrations in the spectra. A slight additional coverage with oxygen is proved by XPS and originates from Si-OH groups (3670 cm−1) and oxygen-related hydrocarbon groups (XPS). These Si-OH groups result from an exchange reaction of Si-F with water during the two-minute water rinse. The development of an oxygen coverage during subsequent storage in air occurs extremely slowly and shows a logarithmic behavior. A monolayer coverage of oxygen (7×1014/cm2) is reached after approximately 7 days of storage in air. HREELS spectra exhibit the concurrent development of the asymmetric Si-O-Si vibration, which indicates that oxygen penetrates the lattice and breaks Si—Si bonds. During this period the Si-O-Si frequency shifts from about 1060 to 1100 cm−1.The penetration of backbonds of Si—H gets evident by broadening of the Si-H stretching vibration and finally by a shift to higher wavenumbers. Chemically shifted components of the Si 2p line (partially oxidized Si) are present with the SiO2−x component (chemical shift (approximately-greater-than)3.4 eV) becoming dominant after roughly a week. Further oxidation proceeds essentially by an increase of the SiO2 peak in combination with a steeper slope of the logarithmic growth curve. The SiO2 thickness after half a year is about 8 A(ring). The frequency of the Si-O-Si vibration shifts up to 1120 cm−1, which can be related to a growing angle of the Si-O-Si bridge. Si—H groups are still present, the final peak position is about 2220 cm−1. The measurements show an extended induction period until the monolayer range of oxide coverage is attained. We ascribe this to the passivation of the surface by hydrogen and to a HF treatment according to Very-Large-Scale-Integration standards.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 58 (1991), S. 2764-2766 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report on the effect of strong mechanical deformations on various mixtures of Ni and Mo metallic powders. The high-energy mechanical alloying process produces metastable fcc nanocrystals of Ni with a large amount of Mo in solid solution. The solubility limit of Mo in fcc Ni at room temperature is directly related to the total interface area between the crystallites. These new solids show an extremely high electrocatalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline solutions which can be directly related to their nanostructure.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 2333-2342 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The amorphous alloy Fe60Co20Si10B10 has been shown to display a high electrocatalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution in 30 wt. % KOH at 70 °C. We present, in this paper, a structural study of the crystallization process and an attempt to correlate the observed changes to the electrocatalytic behavior. The results for crystalline samples of the same average composition obtained from the melt at a lower cooling rate are also presented. Our results show that the amorphous structure is the best suited for the production of hydrogen and that the changes observed can be related in some part to the different processes of surface oxidation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: Greggphenomenon ; regionalfunction ; stunnedmyocardium ; myocardialoxygenconsumption ; reperfusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The “Gregg phenomenon” implies that myocardial function and oxygen consumption ( $$M\dot VO_2 $$ ) increase when coronary perfusion is enhanced within or above the autoregulatory range. We have recently demonstrated that the “Gregg phenomenon” has no significance for regional myocardial function and $$M\dot VO_2 $$ in anesthetized swine in situ. There is, however, some evidence that the “Gregg phenomenon” may exist within stunned myocardium. To test whether coronary hyperperfusion increases regional myocardial function and $$M\dot VO_2 $$ in stunned myocardium, in six anesthetized swine the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was cannulated and perfused at constant pressure (CAP) using an extracorporal circuit. The coronary vein which parallels the LAD was cannulated to allow measurement of regional $$M\dot VO_2 $$ and regional systolic wall thickening (WT%) of the anterior myocardium was assessed using sonomicrometry. Blood flow (CBF) to the LAD was increased by increasing CAP within the extracorporal circuit or by intracoronary adenosine infusion (150 μg/min). In normal myocardium, increasing CBF from 71.4 ± 19.7 (SD) to 156.7 ± 48.8 ml/min/100 g by increasing CAP from 100 ± 10 to 190 ± 10 mm Hg or increasing CBF from 75.1 ± 29.1 to 189.2 ± 45.8 ml/min/100 g by intracoronary adenosine infusion did not increase WT% (34.3 ± 12.2 % vs 32.1 ± 10.6 % and 32.3 ± 10.7 % vs 30.1 ± 13.2 %, respectively). $$M\dot VO_2 $$ was not changed during enhanced CAP (6.94 ± 1.05 vs 8.10 ± 1.08 ml/min/100 g) and during intracoronary adenosine infusion (6.67 ± 1.45 vs 7.30 ± 2.23 ml/min/100 g). Twenty min of hypoperfusion followed by 30 min of reperfusion depressed WT% by 47 % (p 〈 0.05). However, $$M\dot VO_2 $$ was only decreased by 23 % (NS). In the stunned myocardium, increasing CBF from 62.1 ± 36.4 to 157.1 ± 60.0 ml/min by increasing CAP was not associated with an increase in WT%. $$M\dot VO_2 $$ , however, increased from 5.14 ± 1.07 to 8.88 ± 1.83 ml/min/100 g (p 〈 0.05). Comparable results were achieved when CBF was increased from 60.3 ± 28.7 to 176.9 ± 48.5 ml/min by intracoronary adenosine infusion. WT% was unaffected, while $$M\dot VO_2 $$ increased from 4.69 ± 0.92 to 9.46 ± 3.39 ml/min/100 g (p 〈 0.05). Thus, increasing coronary perfusion within or above the autoregulatory range increases $$M\dot VO_2 $$ in stunned myocardium, but without a simultaneous increase in regional myocardial function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Monoamine oxidase ; brofaromine ; clorgyline ; pressor test ; healthy volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present study compared the extent and duration of MAO inhibition by the selective and reversible MAO-A inhibitor brofaromine with the selective and irreversible MAO-A inhibitor clorgyline using amine pressor tests and excretion of urinary amine metabolites (MHPG, tryptamine). The pharmacological characterization of clorgyline as an irreversible and brofaromine as a reversible MAO-A inhibitor in clinically effective doses was confirmed in humans.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: catfish ; pituitary ; ontogeny ; gonadotrops ; ultrastructure ; stereological analysis ; immunocytochemistry ; GTH subunits ; plasma androgen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé A l'aide d'une étude d'immunocytochimie ultrastructurale, nous avons suivi chez le poisson chat africain mâle âgé de 2 à 6 mois le développement des cellules gonadotropes hypophysaires en relation avec celui des testicules. Pendant cette période, 5 prélèvements hypophysaires et testiculaires ont été effectués (groupe I–V) alors que les prélèvements sanguins n'ont pu être pratiqués que dans les groupes III–V. Le développement testiculaire a été divisé en 3 stades c'est à dire immature (spermatogonies seulement, groupe I), début de spermatogenèse (spermatogonies et spermatocytes, groupe II et III), spermatogenèse avancée (tous les stades de cellules germinales incluant les spermatozïdes, groupe IV et V). Les niveaux sanguins en 11-ketotestostèrone étaient bas excepté dans le dernier groupe. Des anticorps ont été fabriqués contre l'α,βGtH-II et les sousunités α et β de GtH-II de poisson chat. Dans la partie proximale distale de l'hypophyse du poisson immature, des cellules indifférenciées, des cellules somatotropes, des cellules putatives thyrotropes (pTSH) et gonadotropes (pGtH) ont été trouvées. Dans les deux derniers types cellulaires, des granules de sécrétion ont été marqués avec l'anti-αGtH mais pas avec l'antiβ-GtHII. Les cellules présumées à TSH et GtH ont été distinguées par la taille des granules de sécrétion. Pendant le début de la spermatogenèse, 2 classes de cellules gonadotropes putatives ont pu être distinguées. Un type a les mêmes caractéristiques immunocytochimiques et ultrastructurales que chez les immatures; les granules de sécrétion dans le second type cellulaire, qui était plus abondant, répondaient aussi immunopositivement à l'anti-βGtHII. Le volume moyen des granules de sécrétion de ces cellules à GtHII était 3 fois supérieur à celui des cellules putatives à GtH apparaissant tôt. De plus, les cellules à GtHII apparaissant tardivement contiennent de grandes inclusions, connues sous le nom de globules. Ces structures étaient marquées avec l'anti-αβGtHII et avec l'anti-βGtHII, mais pas avec l'anti-αGtH. Il a été supposé que les globules sont impliqués dans un stockage différentiel et/ou destruction des sous-unités de GthII. Pendant les stades plus avancés de la spermatogenèse les 2 typev gonadotropes pouvaient encore être distingués, mais les cellules putatives à GtH apparaissant tôt étaient rares. Les présentes observations permettent de supposer que les cellules à GtH apparaissant tôt peuvent être des cellules à GtHI. Cependant, la preuve définitive de leur identité dépend de la disponibilité d'anti-GtHI ou de cDNAs spécifiques de la GtHI.
    Notes: Abstract In an ultrastructural immunocytochemical study we investigated the development of the gonadotropic cells in the pituitary of two to six months old male African catfish in relation to testicular development. In this period, pituitary and testicular tissue samples were collected on five occasions (groups I–V). Blood samples could only be taken from the fish in groups III–V. The testicular development was divided in three stages i.e., immature (only spermatogonia, group I), early (spermatogonia and spermatocytes, groups II and III) and advanced (all germ cell stages including spermatozoa, groups IV and V) spermatogenesis. 11-Ketotestosterone blood levels were low, except for the last group. Antisera were raised against the complete catfish α,βGTH-II, as well as to the separate α- and β-subunits of catfish GTH-II. In the proximal pars distalis of immature fish, undifferentiated cells, somatotrops, putative thyrotrops (pTSH) and putative gonadotrops (pGTH) were found. In the two latter, secretory granules were labeled with anti-αGTH, but not with anti-βGTH-II. pTSH- and pGTH-cells were distinguished on the basis of the size of their secretory granules. During early spermatogenesis, two classes of putative gonadotrops could be distinguished. One type had the same immunocytochemical and ultrastructural characteristics as in immature fish; the secretory granules in the second cell type, which was more abundant, were also immunopositive for anti-βGTH-II. The mean volume of the secretory granules in these GTH-II cells was three times larger than that in the early appearing pGTH-cells. In addition, the later appearing GTH-II cells contained large inclusions, known as globules. These structures labeled with anti-αβGTH-II and with anti-βGTH-II, but not with anti-αGTH. It is assumed that the globules are involved in a differential storage and/or breakdown of the GTH-II subunits. During advanced spermatogenesis the two gonadotropic cell types could still be distinguished, but the early appearing pGTH-cell type was scarce. The present observations permit the conclusion that the early appearing cells may be GTH-I cells. However, definitive proof about their identity depends on the availability of antibodies or cDNA probes specific for GTH-I.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: 11-ketotestosterone ; gonadotropin releasing-hormone ; gonadotropin secretion ; steroid feedback ; male African catfish
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La 11-ketotestosterone (OT) est un androgène caractéristique des poissons téléostéens mâles mais les informations sur son implication dans le rétrocontrôle sur la sécrétion de l'hormone gonadotrope II (GtH II) sont très contreversées. Les effets de OT sur la sécrétion de GtH II induite par la gonadolibérine (GnRH) ont donc été étudiés chez le poisson chat africain (Clarias gariepinus) dans le présent papier. Des expériences ont été menées in vivo sur des poissons intacts et castrés. Les teneurs plasmatiques en OT ont été augmentées grâce à l'implantation de capsules en silastic contenant de la 11-ketoandrostenedione (OA) qui est transformée en OT chez les poissons intacts et castrés. Quand les mâles intacts reçoivent des implants témoins ou contenants de l'OA, un traitement avec un analogue de la gonadolibérine de saumon (Des-Gly10-DArg6-sGnRH-Net; 0.2 μg de sGnRHa/kg de poids vif) entraîne une élévation des teneurs plasmatiques de GtH II dans les deux groupes d'animaux. Cependant, les niveaux plasmatiques sont 2 fois plus élevés chez les poissons témoins que chez ceux implantés avec de l'OA. Quand les poissons castrés reçoivent des implants témoins ou contenant de l'OA, le traitement au sGnRHa induit une augmentation de la GtH plasmatique plus élevées que celle observée chez les poissons “fantômes”. Cependant, il n'y a pas de différence entre les poissons castrés témoins et implantés avec OA bien que l'implantation avec OA entraîne une restauration des niveaux plasmatiques en OT. Ceci suggère que la supplémentation en OT ne suffit pas à renverser les effets induits par la castration. Des expériences in vitro ont été menées en utilisant des fragments hypophysaires maintenus dans un système de culture statique. Les fragments hypophysaires restent sensibles au sGnRHA (5 × 10−9M) pendant 4 jours. Une préincubation pendant 24 heures avec 25 ng de OT par ml de milieu (80 nM) abolit complètement l'effet stimulateur du sGnRHa sur la sécrétion de GtH II. L'OT tritiée n'était pas métabolisée pendant 8 heures d'incubation. En conclusion, chez le poisson chat african mâle, la 11-ketotestostèrone, androgène circulant prédominant et non aromatisable participe, au moins en partie par une action directe au niveau hypophysaire, à la régulation d'un rétrocontrôle négatif sur la sécrétion de GtH-II induite par le GnRH.
    Notes: Abstract 11-ketotestosterone (OT) is a typical androgen of male teleost fish, but information on the question if it is involved in the feedback regulation of pituitary gonadotropin II (GTH-II) secretion is controversial. We have therefore studied the effects of OT on gonadotropin releasing-hormone (GnRH) stimulated GTH-II secretion in male African catfish Clarias gariepinus). In vivo experiments were carried out with intact and castrated fish. OT plasma levels were increased by implantation of silastic capsules containing 11-ketoandrostenedione (OA) which is converted to OT in both intact and castrated fish. When intact males received OA- or blank-capsules, treatment with salmon gonadotropin releasing-hormone analogue (Des-Gly10-D-Arg6-sGnRH-NEt; 0.2 μg sGnRHa/kg body weight) elevated the plasma GTH-11 levels in both groups. However, the levels were about 2 times higher in blank- than in OA-implanted fish. When castrated fish received either blank-or OA-capsules, sGnRHa treatment led to plasma GTH levels significantly higher than in sham-operated fish. However, there was no difference between the blank- or OA-implanted castrates, though OA implantation led to a restoration of OT plasma levels. This suggests that replacement ofOT is insufficient to reverse castration-induced effects. In vitro experiments were carried out with pituitary tissue fragments using a static culture system. The tissue remained sensitive to sGnRHa (5 × 10−9M) for 4 days after the beginning of incubation. Preincubation of pituitary tissue for 24 hours with 25 ng OT/ml medium (80 nM) completely abolished the stimulatory effect of sGnRHa on GTH-II secretion. Tritiated OT was not metabolized by pituitary tissue during 6 hours of incubation. We conclude that 11-ketotestosterone, a quantitatively prominent and non-aromatizeable circulating androgen participates, at least in part by direct action on the pituitary, in the negative feedback regulation of GnRH-stimulated GTH-II secretion in male African catfish.
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