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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI of Budd-Chiari syndrome (1994)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 19 (1994), S. 325-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Budd-Chiari syndrome ; MR study ; Liver, MR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A retrospective study was undertaken to reassess the various magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS). MRI examinations of 22 patients with pathologically confirmed BCS were studied. Spin-echo (SE) T1- (TR = 300–450 ms/TE = 12–15 ms), and SE T2-weighted (TR = 1600–2000 ms/TE = 30–60/90–120 ms) MRI images were obtained in all patients. Gradient-recalled-echo (GRE) images (TR = 7–60 ms/TE = 3–19 ms, flip angle = 10–40°) were obtained in 14 patients. MRI showed thrombosis of three or two hepatic veins in 19 (86%) and 3 (14%) patients, respectively. Spontaneous intrahepatic anastomoses was depicted in five (23%) patients. Ascites appeared in 15 patients (68%). Thrombosis or external compression of the inferior vena cava (IVC) by an enlarged caudate lobe was depicted in six (27%) and five (23%) patients, respectively. Prominent azygos and hemiazygos veins were demonstrated in seven (32%) patients (six of whom had thrombosis of the IVC). MRI showed hepatomegaly in all patients and enlarged caudate lobe in 18 (82%) patients. SE T1- and SE T2-weighted MRI images revealed inhomogeneous signal intensity of hepatic parenchyma in 14 (64%) patients. SE T1- and SE T2-weighted MRI images showed homogeneous signal intensity of hepatic parenchyma in eight (36%) patients. Our results demonstrate that BCS displays various features on MRI images, and such information is important for diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198189
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Involvement of superior mesenteric vessels and portal vein in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: Detection with CT during arterial portography (1994)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 19 (1994), S. 413-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Pancreas, carcinoma ; CT during arterial, portography ; Portal vein, angiographic study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A prospective study was designed to determine the utility of computed tomography (CT) during arterial portography (CTAP) in the detection of superior mesenteric vessels and portal vein involvement in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Eighteen patients with adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas and eight patients with benign pancreatic disease were investigated with CTAP, dynamic contrast-enhanced CT, and angiography. Appropriate review was made to determine presence or absence of superior mesenteric vessels and portal vein involvement. Final diagnosis was obtained in all cases by surgical explorations. The overall accuracy rate for detecting or excluding superior mesenteric vessels and portal vein involvement was 96% (25 of 26 patients) with CTAP, 88% (23 of 26 patients) with dynamic contrast-enhanced CT, and 85% (22 of 26 patients) with angiography. No statistically significant difference in accuracy was found among the three techniques. Our results suggest that the use of CTAP is not indicated in the preoperative detection of superior mesenteric vessels and portal vein involvement in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00206927
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional connections in the human temporal lobe (1991)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 85 (1991), S. 174-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Amygdala ; Entorhinal cortex ; Hippocampus ; Subiculum ; Parahippocampal gyrus ; Electrical stimulation ; Evoked potentials ; Epilepsy ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a previous investigation of functional limbic pathways in the human mesial temporal lobe, we found evidence for strong connections between ipsilateral mesial temporal structures, but none for contralateral functional connections (Wilson et al. 1990). In the present study, we focused specifically upon the question of functional commissural linkages between these structures by systematic stimulation of a total of 390 electrode placements in 74 epileptic patients with temporal lobe depth electrodes implanted for surgical diagnosis. Eight standard electrode placement regions were targeted: amygdala, entorhinal cortex, anterior, middle and posterior hippocampus, subicular cortex, middle parahippocampal gyrus, and posterior parahippocampal gyrus. Three to six electrodes were implanted bilaterally in each patient, and each electrode was individually stimulated while recording from all the other sites. Out of the 390 electrodes stimulated, 78% were effective in evoking clear responses in adjacent ipsilateral structures, and 75% of 581 ipsilateral recording sites were responsive to stimulation. Only one of the stimulated electrode sites was effective in evoking responses in contralateral recording sites, and only two of 511 contralateral recording sites were responsive to that stimulation. The effective stimulation site was in presubicular cortex, and the responsive contralateral recording sites were in entorhinal and presubicular cortices. Response to this stimulation site was intermittent and variable in latency. The relative ease of obtaining functional verification of significant ipsilateral anatomical pathways in the human limbic system, and the sharply contrasting difficulty of functionally activating commissural pathways to contralateral limbic sites are discussed in the context of decreases in hippocampal contribution to commissural pathways in the primate brain compared to sub-primate mammals, and the significance of this change to normal limbic system function as well as to mechanisms of seizure spread in epilepsy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229999
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Limited downward migration of pollutant metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, and Pb) in acidic virgin peat soils near a smelter (1990)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 49 (1990), S. 329-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of pollutant heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, Cd, and Pb) was determined in 11 acidic virgin peat profiles located along two transects moving away from a smelter plant in the Noranda region of Quebec. The levels of all five metals were found highest in the 0 to 15 cm layer at site near the smelter, and decreased progressively with the distance from the smelter, up to 42 km. Copper had the highest concentrations (5525 μg g−1) followed by Pb and Zn. The maximum levels of total metals built up in the peat surface near the smelter were high, approximately reaching the threshold limits for phytotoxicity in peat soils. The amounts of heavy metals moving down and accumulating in the anaerobic zone of the peat profiles were limited. The distribution and enrichment ratios in the profiles showed that Cu, Zn, and Cd would have relatively higher mobility than Pb.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00507072
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  • 5
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    Global Patterns and Predictions of Seafloor Biomass Using Random Forests (2010)
    In:  EPIC3PLoS One, Vol. 5(12), e15323.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 6
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    Systematic review suggests TNF-{alpha} inhibitors may be rational options for pregnant patients with inflammatory bowel disease (2014)
    BMJ Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-20
    Description: Commentary on: Nielsen OH , Loftus EV, Jess T. Safety of TNF-α inhibitors during IBD pregnancy: a systematic review. BMC Med 2013 ; 11 : 174 . Context The diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) overlaps with the reproductive years in many patients’ lives. Therefore, there is an important need for valid data to support medical decision-making around conception planning and pregnancy in IBD. Given that tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) inhibitors are highly effective options for inducing and maintaining a clinical remission, their risks and benefits need to be well understood in the context of maternal and fetal outcomes. This systematic review addresses the risk of adverse birth outcomes due to maternal TNF-α inhibitor therapy. Methods This was a well-conducted review of all currently available studies of the risks of TNF-α therapy in pregnant patients. Study types included case–control studies, case series and case reports. Investigators assessed adverse birth outcomes...
    Keywords: Inflammatory bowel disease, Epidemiologic studies, Immunology (including allergy), Pregnancy, Ethics
    Print ISSN: 1356-5524
    Electronic ISSN: 1473-6810
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BMJ Publishing Group
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  • 7
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    Plasma B Lymphocyte Stimulator and B Cell Differentiation in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Patients [AUTOIMMUNITY] (2013)
    The American Association of Immunologists (AAI)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-21
    Description: We hypothesized B cells are involved in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a progressive, restrictive lung disease that is refractory to glucocorticoids and other nonspecific therapies, and almost invariably lethal. Accordingly, we sought to identify clinically associated B cell–related abnormalities in these patients. Phenotypes of circulating B cells were characterized by flow cytometry. Intrapulmonary processes were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Plasma B lymphocyte stimulating factor (BLyS) was assayed by ELISA. Circulating B cells of IPF subjects were more Ag differentiated, with greater plasmablast proportions (3.1 ± 0.8%) than in normal controls (1.3 ± 0.3%) ( p 〈 0.03), and the extent of this differentiation correlated with IPF patient lung volumes ( r = 0.44, p 〈 0.03). CD20 + B cell aggregates, diffuse parenchymal and perivascular immune complexes, and complement depositions were all prevalent in IPF lungs, but much less prominent or absent in normal lungs. Plasma concentrations of BLyS, an obligate factor for B cell survival and differentiation, were significantly greater ( p 〈 0.0001) in 110 IPF (2.05 ± 0.05 ng/ml) than among 53 normal (1.40 ± 0.04 ng/ml) and 90 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease subjects (1.59 ± 0.05 ng/ml). BLyS levels were uniquely correlated among IPF patients with pulmonary artery pressures ( r = 0.58, p 〈 0.0001). The 25% of IPF subjects with the greatest BLyS values also had diminished 1-y survival (46 ± 11%), compared with those with lesser BLyS concentrations (81 ± 5%) (hazard ratio = 4.0, 95% confidence interval = 1.8–8.7, p = 0.0002). Abnormalities of B cells and BLyS are common in IPF patients, and highly associated with disease manifestations and patient outcomes. These findings have implications regarding IPF pathogenesis and illuminate the potential for novel treatment regimens that specifically target B cells in patients with this lung disease.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1767
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-6606
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Association of Immunologists (AAI)
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  • 8
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    Genetic lineage labeling in zebrafish uncovers novel neural crest contributions to the head, including gill pillar cells [RESEARCH ARTICLES] (2013)
    The Company of Biologists
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-30
    Description: Alessandro Mongera, Ajeet P. Singh, Mitchell P. Levesque, Yi-Yen Chen, Peter Konstantinidis, and Christiane Nusslein-Volhard At the protochordate-vertebrate transition, a new predatory lifestyle and increased body size coincided with the appearance of a true head. Characteristic innovations of this head are a skull protecting and accommodating a centralized nervous system, a jaw for prey capture and gills as respiratory organs. The neural crest (NC) is a major ontogenetic source for the ‘new head’ of vertebrates and its contribution to the cranial skeleton has been intensively studied in different model organisms. However, the role of NC in the expansion of the respiratory surface of the gills has been neglected. Here, we use genetic lineage labeling to address the contribution of NC to specific head structures, in particular to the gills of adult zebrafish. We generated a sox10:ER T2 -Cre line and labeled NC cells by inducing Cre/loxP recombination with tamoxifen at embryonic stages. In juvenile and adult fish, we identified numerous established NC derivatives and, in the cranium, we precisely defined the crest/mesoderm interface of the skull roof. We show the NC origin of the opercular bones and of multiple cell types contributing to the barbels, chemosensory organs located in the mouth region. In the gills, we observed labeled primary and secondary lamellae. Clonal analysis reveals that pillar cells, a craniate innovation that mechanically supports the filaments and forms gill-specific capillaries, have a NC origin. Our data point to a crucial role for the NC in enabling more efficient gas exchange, thus uncovering a novel, direct involvement of this embryonic tissue in the evolution of respiratory systems at the protochordate-vertebrate transition.
    Print ISSN: 0950-1991
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9129
    Topics: Biology
    Published by The Company of Biologists
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  • 9
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    Complement Component C5a Permits the Coexistence of Pathogenic Th17 Cells and Type I IFN in Lupus [AUTOIMMUNITY] (2014)
    The American Association of Immunologists (AAI)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-20
    Description: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a type I IFN (IFN-I)–driven autoimmune disorder with exaggerated B and Th cell responses. Th17 cells, a recently identified Th cell subset, have been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of SLE. Because IFN-I suppresses the generation and expansion of Th17 cells in an IL-27–dependent manner, it is unclear how pathogenic Th17 cells are generated in SLE in the presence of an environment characterized by high IFN-I levels. In this study, we showed that activation of c5aR on murine macrophages blocked IFN-I–mediated IL-27 production, thus permitting the development of Th17 cells. C5aR activation on IFN-I–responsive macrophages inhibits IRF-1–mediated transactivation of IL-27 gene expression via the PI3K/Akt pathway. Consistently, C5aR-deficient mice exhibited increased IL-27 expression and fewer Th17 cells and consequently developed reduced lupus nephritis in comparison with wild-type mice. In support of these findings in mice, we found that C5a inhibited IFN-I–induced IL-27 production from macrophages of lupus subjects. Moreover, the level of serum C5a correlated with Th17 frequency in peripheral blood. Collectively, these data indicate an essential role for C5a in the generation of pathogenic Th17 responses in SLE. Thus, therapeutic strategies to block C5aR activation may be beneficial for controlling pathogenic Th17-mediated inflammation in SLE.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1767
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-6606
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Association of Immunologists (AAI)
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