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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of polypeptide markers of barley yellow dwarf virus resistance and susceptibility genes in non-infected barley (Hordeum vulgare) plants (1992)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 85 (1992), S. 346-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Barley yellow dwarf virus ; Resistance gene(s) ; High-resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis ; Barley ; Western immunoblot
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Barley yellow dwarf (BYDV) is a group a closely related viruses which cause economic losses in a wide range of graminaceous species throughout the world. Barley plants can be protected from the effects of BYDV by the ‘Yd2’ resistance gene. Plants which contain the ‘Yd2’ gene also contain a constitutively expressed polypeptide which was not found in any plants without ‘Yd2’. Conversely, BYDV susceptible plants contain another constitutively expressed polypeptide which was not found in any of the BYDV-resistant lines examined. These two polypeptides appear to have the same molecular weight (as assessed by SDS-PAGE) and only slightly different iso-electric points. They also appear to contain an extensive range of similar antigenic determinants. Both polypeptides were found in F1 hybrids made from resistant and susceptible plants. We suggest that these two polypeptides are the products of two allelic genes. Analysis of near-isogenic lines showed that the locus which controls the ‘Yd2’ resistance gene and the locus controlling the synthesis of the two polypeptides may be within ± 9 cM of each other. We have developed a Western blot technique which allows assessment of barley lines, 4-days after seed imbibition, for the presence of the ‘Yd2’ gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222880
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oriented flight responses of female Mediterranean fruit flies to calling males, odor of calling males, and a synthetic pheromone blend (1992)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 65 (1992), S. 259-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Insecta ; Tephritidae ; attractant ; behavior ; Ceratitis capitata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Male Mediterranean fruit flies,Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), produce volatile chemicals thought to be attractive sex pheromones. We demonstrated for the first time that male odor elicits upwind flight and zigzagging upwind flight patterns in mature unmated females. Such flight patterns indicate the mechanisms involved in female location of the pheromone source and arrival at that source. Similar female oriented upwind flight responses occurred with a three component blend comprised of ethyl-(E)-octenoate, geranyl acetate, andE,E-alpha farnesene. These findings clarify the role of male sex pheromone in mate-location strategies in this species and provide new bioassay criteria for evaluating attraction responses to male pheromone and synthetic blends.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02343859
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ovipositional response of threeHeliothis species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to allelochemicals from cultivated and wild host plants (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 1817-1827 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Cotton ; groundcherry ; tobacco ; Gossypium ; Desmodium ; Physalis ; plant-insect interaction ; host-plant resistance ; Heliothis spp. ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; oviposition stimulant ; oviposition deterrent
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The role of plant allelochemicals on the oviposition behavior ofHeliothis virescens (F.),H. subflexa (Guenee), andH. zea (Boddie) was investigated in the laboratory using a “choice” bioassay system. Fresh young leaves of tobacco,Desmodium tortuosum (Swartz) de Candolle, groundcherry (Physalis angulata L.), and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) squares (flower buds) were washed in methylene chloride or methanol, concentrated to 1 g equivalent of washed material, and applied to a cloth oviposition substrate. Each of the extracts—including groundcherry, a nonhost—stimulated oviposition byH. virescens. H. subflexa were stimulated to oviposit by groundcherry extract, its normal host, and extract from cotton squares, a nonhost. None of the extracts stimulated oviposition byH. zea, although all except groundcherry were from reported hosts. The sensitivity of the bioassay was confirmed by givingH. virescens andH. subflexa an opportunity to choose between extracts that showed stimulant qualities when tested independently versus only solvent-treated controls. In these tests, tobacco showed the highest level of stimulant activity forH. virescens; groundcherry exhibited the highest level of stimulation forH. subflexa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020496
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preferences of matedHeliothis virescens andH. subflexa females for host and nonhost volatiles in a flight tunnel (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2889-2898 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Cotton ; tobacco ; groundcherry ; Physalis ; Desmodium ; Heliothis subflexa ; Heliothis virescens ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; plant-insect interaction ; host-plant resistance ; attractant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In flight-tunnel bioassays, mated femaleHeliothis subflexa (Gn.) moths demonstrated in dual-choice tests a significant preference for volatiles from an extract of their only known host,Physalis spp. (groundcherry). However,H. virescens (F.), a polyphagous species, responded positively by anemotaxis to extracts from susceptible tobacco, cotton,Desmodium tortuosum (host plants), and groundcherry, a nonhost.H. virescens females did not fly to volatiles emanating from an extract of a resistant tobacco cultivar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00979481
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sampling range of male sweetpotato weevils (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) (Summers) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to pheromone traps: Influence of pheromone dosage and lure age (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2493-2502 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summers) ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; sex pheromone ; sweetpotato weevil ; mark-release-recapture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Studies were conducted to determine the effects of sex pheromone dosage and lure age on movement of male sweetpotato weevils (SPW),Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summers), using mark-release-recapture techniques. SPW trap counts from various downwind distances were compared for dosages ranging from 0.01 to 10.0 μg and lure ages ranging from fresh (0 days old) to 64 days old. The percentages of male SPW recaptured decreased with an increase in release distance and decreased with a decrease in dosage at each corresponding distance. Most SPW were caught within the first 16-hr period. Slopes of percent recapture vs. release distance for the two higher dosages (10 μg and 1.0 μg) differed from those of the two lower dosages (0.1 and 0.01 μg) but did not differ from each other. Intercepts were similar among the three higher dosages. Slopes did not differ among the five lure ages examined. Intercepts differed between fresh (0 days old) and 24-day-old septa at 16 hr and between fresh (0 days old) and 34-day-old septa at 40 hr. Previous exposure to pheromone (conditioning) did not increase percentages of SPW recaptured. Results indicate that male SPW are capable of traversing distances of at least 280 m in 16 hr. The pheromone tested in this study appears to be effective at dosages lower than any other coleopteran sex-pheromone system. Incorporation of this pheromone into a SPW management system may effectively reduce the use of insecticides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01017472
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development and evaluation of systems to collect volatile semiochemicals from insects and plants using a charcoal-infused medium for air purification (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 1209-1226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Collection system ; volatile collections ; air purification ; charcoal cloth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A system is described for the collection of volatiles produced by plants and insects that minimizes stresses on the plant or insect in an environment that is free from chemical impurities. Air entering a volatile collection chamber containing insects and/or plants was purified using a nonwoven fabric medium infused with charcoal. When three layers of this material were used, the total amount of impurities detected by gas chromatography was less than 40 ng/hr at a collection rate of 1 L/min. The air filtration system can maintain this level of air purification for 96 hr at an air flow of 0.43 m/sec, or a total volume of approximately 750,000 L of air. The air filtration system did not alter the relative humidity of the purified air compared to the relative humidity of ambient air. A multiport collector system was developed for use with the insect volatile collection system and enabled up to three samples to be collected without disturbing the system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00980075
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of release rate and ratio of (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol from synthetic pheromone blends on trap capture ofHeliothis subflexa (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 1259-1268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pheromone formulation ; trap design ; insect behavior ; pheromone specificity ; Heliothis subflexa ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Response of maleHeliothis subflexa to pheromone-baited traps containing blends of tetradecanal, (Z)-9-tetradecanal, hexadecanal, (Z)-7-hexadecenal, (Z)-9-hexadecenal, (Z)-11-hexadecenal, hexadecan-1-ol acetate, (Z)-7-hexadecen-1-ol acetate, (Z)-9-hexadecen-1-ol acetate, (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol acetate, (Z)-9-hexadecen-1-ol, and (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol was evaluated. Analysis of trap capture data indicated that (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol was a critical component of the pheromone blend. It was determined from emission rate data and measurements of the ratio of pheromone components emitted from rubber septa tested that a significant increase in trap capture of maleH. subflexa occurred when the blends investigated released the alcohol in a narrow range relative to the total amount of pheromone emitted. The optimum range of release ratio of the alcohol for the capture of males in sticky traps was determined to be 0.9–3.5% of the pheromone blend. This release ratio range was reduced to 0.9–1.6% when bucket traps were used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01021024
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flight activity ofHeliothis virescens (F.) females (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) with reference to host-plant volatiles (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 17 (1991), S. 259-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Plant attractant ; host phenology ; oviposition stimulant ; Heliothis subflexa, Heliothis armigera ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Heliothis virescens (F.) females responded positively via upwind flight in laboratory assays to volatiles emitted from methylńe chloride washes of fresh whole leaves of host plants including cotton, tobacco, and a weed species,Desmodium tortuosum (Swartz) de Candolle. Except forD. tortuosum, the response increased positively with dose; the steepest slope occurred with an extract of cotton squares (flower buds). Almost all of the moths that landed on the extract dispenser also oviposited. Moths simulated by extracts from cotton squares exhibited a full array of behaviors (upwind flight, contact with the dispenser, examination of the cloth substrate with antennae, and oviposition) expected of gravid individuals seeking sites to propagate the species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994331
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of male cabbage looper sex pheromone attractive to females (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 441-453 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Male-produced pheromone ; cabbage looper ; Trichoplusia ni ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; female attractant ; linalool ; p-cresol ; m-cresol ; enantiomers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A multicomponent pheromone produced by male cabbage looper moths that is attractive to female moths in a flight tunnel bioassay was isolated and identified. Based on analyses of hairpencil extracts of male cabbage loopers and volatiles emitted by males, the pheromone has been identified as a blend consisting of (S)-(+)-linalool,p-cresol, andm-cresol. The chirality of the major component, (S)-(+)-linalool, is important for behavioral response of females. These pheromonal compounds were also identified as volatiles released by males when males were exposed to the principal pheromone component of female cabbage loopers, (Z)-7-dodecen-1-ol acetate. The amount of male pheromone released was increased significantly when males were exposed to a combination of (Z)-7-dodecen-1-ol acetate and the odor from cabbage. Neither linalool nor the cresols were detected in volatiles from cabbage or from males exposed to cabbage odor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994243
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis, synthesis, formulation, and field testing of three major components of male mediterranean fruit fly pheromone (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 17 (1991), S. 1925-1940 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Insecta ; Diptera ; Tephritidae ; Mediterranean fruit fly ; pheromone ; attractant ; Ceratitis capitata ; ethyl-(E)-3-octenoate ; geranyl acetate ; (E,E)-α-farnesene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Three major components, ethyi-(E)-3-octenoate, geranyl acetate, and (E,E)-α-farnesene, emitted as volatiles by laboratory-reared and wild male medflies were collected and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Peak emission of these compounds occurred during the third to fifth hours of the photophase and differences were observed in the ratios of the three components emitted by male laboratory-reared and wild flies. These three compounds were synthesized, and a method was developed to formulate a synthetic blend that released the compounds in a ratio similar to that emitted by wild male medflies. Attractiveness of the blend to female medflies was demonstrated under field conditions by comparing trap catches. Black spherical traps, baited with the synthetic blend to release 1.6 male equivalents, caught significantly more females than blank traps and traps from which the blend released was 0.3, 3.2 or 6.4 male equivalents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00993739
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