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  • 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium  (2)
  • Cortisol  (2)
  • Plasma-Renin-Konzentration  (2)
  • Springer  (6)
  • American Heart Association (AHA)
  • MDPI Publishing
  • 2010-2014
  • 1995-1999  (3)
  • 1970-1974  (3)
  • 1930-1934
Document type
Publisher
  • Springer  (6)
  • American Heart Association (AHA)
  • MDPI Publishing
Years
  • 2010-2014
  • 1995-1999  (3)
  • 1970-1974  (3)
  • 1930-1934
  • 1975-1979  (4)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 354 (1996), S. 320-326 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Rat liver ; Transport of organic cations ; OCT1 ; Type I hepatic transport of cationic drugs ; 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The kidneys and the liver are the principal organs for the inactivation of circulating organic cations. Recently, an organic cation transporter (OCT1) has been cloned from rat kidney. In order to answer the question whether OCT1 is involved also in hepatic uptake of organic cations, the pharmacological characteristics of organic cation transport in hepatocytes were compared to the characteristics of transiently expressed OCT1. Primary cultures of rat hepatocytes avidly accumulated the small organic cation 3H-1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (3H-MPP+). At equilibrium, the hepatocytes accumulated 3H-MPP+ 56-fold. Initial rates of specific 3H-MPP+ transport in hepatocytes were saturable. The half-saturating concentration was 13 μmol/l. 3H-MPP+ transport was sensitive to quinine (Ki = 0.79 μmol/l) and cyanine863 (Ki = 0.097 µmol/l). Quinine and cyanine863 are known inhibitors of type I hepatic transport of cationic drugs and of renal excretion of organic cations, respectively. To compare the functional characteristics of 3H-MPP+ transport in hepatocytes with those of OCT1, OCT1 has been heterologously expressed and characterized in a mammalian cell line (293 cells). Initial rates of 3H-MPP+ transport were saturable, the Km being 13 μmol/l. The rank order of inhibitory potencies of various inhibitors was almost identical in hepatocytes and 293 cells transiently transfected with OCT1. There was a positive correlation between the Ki's for the inhibition of 3H-MPP+ transport in isolated hepatocytes and transfected 293 cells (r = 0.85; P〈0.01; n = 8). The results indicate that OCT1 is functionally expressed not only in the kidney but also in hepatocytes where it is responsible for the transport of small organic cations which, in the past, have been classified as type I substrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 46 (1997), S. 850-855 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Prämedikation ; Midazolam ; Adrenalin ; Kortisol ; Kinder ; Key words Premedication ; Midazolam ; Epinephrine ; Cortisol ; Child
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Anxiolysis with drugs and psychoprophylaxis are both recognised methods of preoperative preparation. The beneficial effects of anxiolytics, however, appear to be difficult to prove. In this study a comparison was made of heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and norepinephrine, epinephrine, and cortisol levels. In group I 19 children recieved only psychological treatment, while in group II 21 children received 0.2 mg/kg midazolam orally. Measuring points were directly before medication, 30 min afterward, and at induction of anaesthesia. During the observation period the patients (5–10 years old) remained calm. At the beginning of the study the parameters of all patients were within a normal range; 30 min after premedication the HR and BP were significantly higher in group I than in group II. In contrast to group I, epinephrine levels in group II were lower at the beginning of anaesthesia than before premedication. In both groups, norepinephrine levels were the same at induction of anaesthesia as before premedication. Cortisol decreased only in patients who received midazolam. HR, BP, as well as humoral stress parameters indicate that midazolam in a dose of 0.2 mg/kg orally is sufficient to reduce preoperative stress in children.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Sowohl Anxiolyse mit Medikamenten als auch psychische Führung sind anerkannte Methoden der präoperativen Vorbereitung. Ein Vorteil von Anxiolytika ist aber für Kinder schwer zu beweisen. Material und Methoden. In dieser Untersuchung wurden Herzfrequenz, Blutdruck, Noradrenalin, Adrenalin und Kortisol als Streßindikatoren zum Vergleich gewählt. Wir betreuten 19 Kinder in Gruppe I psychisch, 21 Kinder der Gruppe II erhielten Midazolam oral (0,2 mg/kg) zur Prämedikation. Die Meßpunkte lagen unmittelbar vor und 30 min nach Prämedikation sowie zu Narkosebeginn. Ergebnisse. Im Beobachtungszeitraum wirkten alle Kinder unauffällig mit vergleichbaren Ausgangswerten. 30 min nach psychischer Führung hatte diese Gruppe signifikant höhere Herzfrequenzen als die Vergleichsgruppe. Analog dazu zeigte sich der Blutdruck. Im Gegensatz zu Gruppe I blieben die Adrenalinspiegel in Gruppe II auch zur Narkoseeinleitung unter den Ausgangswerten. Die Noradrenalinspiegel glichen zu Narkosebeginn in beiden Gruppen der Ausgangssituation. Nur in der Midazolamgruppe blieb Kortisol bis zum Narkosebeginn unter den Ausgangswerten. Schlußfolgerungen. Herzfrequenz und Blutdruck sowie humorale Streßparameter zeigen, daß Midazolam in einer Dosierung von 0,2 mg/kg zu einer Streßreduktion bei Kindern führt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 354 (1996), S. 320-326 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Key words Rat liver ; Transport of organic cations ; OCT1 ; Type I hepatic transport of cationic drugs ; 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The kidneys and the liver are the principal organs for the inactivation of circulating organic cations. Recently, an organic cation transporter (OCT1) has been cloned from rat kidney. In order to answer the question whether OCT1 is involved also in hepatic uptake of organic cations, the pharmacological characteristics of organic cation transport in hepatocytes were compared to the characteristics of transiently expressed OCT1. Primary cultures of rat hepatocytes avidly accumulated the small organic cation 3H-1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (3H-MPP+). At equilibrium, the hepatocytes accumulated 3H-MPP+ 56-fold. Initial rates of specific 3H-MPP+ transport in hepatocytes were saturable. The half-saturating concentration was 13 μmol/l. 3H-MPP+ transport was sensitive to quinine (Ki = 0.79 μmol/l) and cyanine863 (Ki = 0.097 μmol/l). Quinine and cyanine863 are known inhibitors of type I hepatic transport of cationic drugs and of renal excretion of organic cations, respectively. To compare the functional characteristics of 3H-MPP+ transport in hepatocytes with those of OCT1, OCT1 has been heterologously expressed and characterized in a mammalian cell line (293 cells). Initial rates of 3H-MPP+ transport were saturable, the Km being 13 μmol/l. The rank order of inhibitory potencies of various inhibitors was almost identical in hepatocytes and 293 cells transiently transfected with OCT1. There was a positive correlation between the Ki’s for the inhibition of 3H-MPP+ transport in isolated hepatocytes and transfected 293 cells (r = 0.85; P〈0.01; n = 8). The results indicate that OCT1 is functionally expressed not only in the kidney but also in hepatocytes where it is responsible for the transport of small organic cations which, in the past, have been classified as type I substrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Plasma renin concentration ; radioimmunoassay ; angiotensin I ; Plasma-Renin-Konzentration ; radioimmunologischer Nachweis ; Angiotensin I
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ein Radioimmunoassay für Angiotensin I und seine Anwendung für die Messung der Reninkonzentration im Plasma werden beschrieben. Die zur Herstellung von Angiotensinantikörpern und radioaktiv markiertem Angiotensin sowie zur Trennung von gebundenem und freiem Hormon benutzten Verfahren werden mitgeteilt. Die Empfindlichkeit der Methode erlaubt den Nachweis von zwanzig Pikogramm Angiotensin I. Zur Messung der Reninkonzentration wurde substratfreies Plasma mit Schafsubstrat im Überschuß versetzt und in Anwesenheit von Inhibitoren von „converting enzyme“ und Angiotensinasen bei 37°C inkubiert. Das gebildete Angiotensin wurde in 20 µl des proteinfreien Inkubationsgemisches bestimmt. Die initiale Geschwindigkeit der Angiotensinbildung wurde zur Berechnung der Reninkonzentration herangezogen. Als eine Einheit wurde die Reninmenge definiert, die ein Nanogramm Angiotensin I pro Stunde Inkubation bildet. Normalwerte unter kontrollierter natriumreicher und natriumarmer Diät wurden ermittelt. Die Empfindlichkeit der Methode erlaubt die Messung der Reninkonzentration im Plasma von Patienten mit primärem Aldosteronismus.
    Notes: Summary A radioimmunoassay for angiotensin I and its application to the measurement of plasma renin concentration are described. Outlined are the methods which were used to elicite antibodies against angiotensin I, to iodinate angiotensin I with iodine125, and to separate free from antibody-bound hormone. The method is sensitive enough to detect 20 picogrammes of angiotensin I. Substrate-free plasma was mixed with excess of sheep substrate. The mixture was incubated at 37°C in the presence of inhibitors of converting enzyme and angiotensinases. The generated angiotensin I was measured in 20 µl of the protein-free incubation mixture. The initial velocity of angiotensin generation was used to calculate the renin concentration. One unit was defined as the amount of renin which generates one nanogram of angiotensin per hour. Normal values of plasma renin concentration were obtained both during sodium loading and sodium depletion. The sensitivity of the method allows the measurement of plasma renin in patients with primary aldosteronism.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 51 (1973), S. 1025-1026 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Cushing's syndrome ; hydrocortison ; circadian rhythm ; Cushing-Syndrom ; Cortisol ; Tagesrhythmus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wiederholte ambulante Plasmacortisolbestimmungen bei einer Patientin mit deutlichen klinischen Zeichen des Hyperkortizismus ergaben mit 16–24 µg/100 ml normale Werte. Erst ein unter standardisierten Bedingungen erstelltes Plasmacortisol-Tagesprofil erbrachte den eindeutigen Nachweis der Hypercortisolämie. Im Vergleich zu gesunden Normalpersonen liegen die Plasmacortisolspiegel der Cushing-Patientin auf einer höheren Ebene. Die physiologischen Phasen ruhender Cortisolsekretion in den Abend- und Nachtstunden fehlen. Wie bei Gesunden können wir bei diesem Fall von Hypercortic ismus, beruhend auf bilateraler Nebennierenrinden-Hyperplasie, große Schwankungen des Plasmacortisolspiegels beobachten. Der Wert wiederholter Plasmacortisolbestimmungen in der Abklärung des Cushing-Syndroms wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary In a patient with typical features of Cushing's disease, repeated ambulant determinations of plasma cortisol showed normal values with 16 to 24 µg/100 ml. The entire analysis of the circadian variations of plasma cortisol under standardized conditions led to the diagnosis of hypercorticism. Compared with 2 healthy subjects the patient's curve is set at a higher level. Physiological, quiet periods of cortisol secretion in late day-time do not occur. In accord to the normal, we find great variations of plasma cortisol in this case of Cushing's syndrome due to bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. The diagnostic value of plasma cortisol determinations at short term intervals in differentiating the various forms of hypercorticism is discussed.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Primary aldosteronism ; Plasma renin concentration ; Primärer Hyperaldosteronismus ; Plasma-Renin-Konzentration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 13 Patienten mit einem primären Hyperaldosteronismus wurde die Plasma-Renin-Konzentration unter Stimulations- und unter Suppressionsbedingungen gemessen. Eine hochempfindliche Methode zur Reninmessung, die sich eines Radioimmunoassays für Angiotensin I bediente, wurde verwandt. Bei jedem der Patienten ließ sich die Reninkonzentration im Plasma gut messen. Die Werte lagen hochsignifikant unter den Normbereichen, die unter denselben Bedingungen ermittelt worden waren. Am eindrücklichsten war der Unterschied zwischen normalen und pathologischen Werten unter Stimulationsbedingungen. Nach Kochsalzentzug stieg die Reninkonzentration zwar bei nahezu allen Patienten signifikant an, der Anstieg war jedoch subnormal, gemessen an dem gesunden Kontrollkollektiv. Renin ist auch beim primären Aldosteronismus im Plasma vorhanden und reagiert auf Stimulation qualitativ regelrecht, quantitativ jedoch subnormal.
    Notes: Summary Plasma renin concentration (PRC) was measured in thirteen patients with primary aldosteronism during high and low sodium intake. A highly sensitive method using a radioimmunoassay for angiotensin I was applied for the determinations of PRC. PRC was detectable in each patient. The values obtained were significantly lower than the normal ranges which were assessed under the same conditions. Most impressive was the difference between normal and pathological values during sodium deprivation. PRC rose in almost each patient after several days of dietary sodium restriction. The increase was subnormal, however, when compared with normal controls. Renin is present in plasma of patients with primary aldosteronism. It responds qualitatively normally, but quantitatively subnormally when stimulated by sodium deprivation.
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