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  • sarcoplasmic reticulum  (3)
  • Cortisol
  • Springer  (4)
  • American Heart Association (AHA)
  • MDPI Publishing
  • 2010-2014
  • 1995-1999  (4)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1930-1934
Document type
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  • Springer  (4)
  • American Heart Association (AHA)
  • MDPI Publishing
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 46 (1997), S. 850-855 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Prämedikation ; Midazolam ; Adrenalin ; Kortisol ; Kinder ; Key words Premedication ; Midazolam ; Epinephrine ; Cortisol ; Child
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Anxiolysis with drugs and psychoprophylaxis are both recognised methods of preoperative preparation. The beneficial effects of anxiolytics, however, appear to be difficult to prove. In this study a comparison was made of heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and norepinephrine, epinephrine, and cortisol levels. In group I 19 children recieved only psychological treatment, while in group II 21 children received 0.2 mg/kg midazolam orally. Measuring points were directly before medication, 30 min afterward, and at induction of anaesthesia. During the observation period the patients (5–10 years old) remained calm. At the beginning of the study the parameters of all patients were within a normal range; 30 min after premedication the HR and BP were significantly higher in group I than in group II. In contrast to group I, epinephrine levels in group II were lower at the beginning of anaesthesia than before premedication. In both groups, norepinephrine levels were the same at induction of anaesthesia as before premedication. Cortisol decreased only in patients who received midazolam. HR, BP, as well as humoral stress parameters indicate that midazolam in a dose of 0.2 mg/kg orally is sufficient to reduce preoperative stress in children.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Sowohl Anxiolyse mit Medikamenten als auch psychische Führung sind anerkannte Methoden der präoperativen Vorbereitung. Ein Vorteil von Anxiolytika ist aber für Kinder schwer zu beweisen. Material und Methoden. In dieser Untersuchung wurden Herzfrequenz, Blutdruck, Noradrenalin, Adrenalin und Kortisol als Streßindikatoren zum Vergleich gewählt. Wir betreuten 19 Kinder in Gruppe I psychisch, 21 Kinder der Gruppe II erhielten Midazolam oral (0,2 mg/kg) zur Prämedikation. Die Meßpunkte lagen unmittelbar vor und 30 min nach Prämedikation sowie zu Narkosebeginn. Ergebnisse. Im Beobachtungszeitraum wirkten alle Kinder unauffällig mit vergleichbaren Ausgangswerten. 30 min nach psychischer Führung hatte diese Gruppe signifikant höhere Herzfrequenzen als die Vergleichsgruppe. Analog dazu zeigte sich der Blutdruck. Im Gegensatz zu Gruppe I blieben die Adrenalinspiegel in Gruppe II auch zur Narkoseeinleitung unter den Ausgangswerten. Die Noradrenalinspiegel glichen zu Narkosebeginn in beiden Gruppen der Ausgangssituation. Nur in der Midazolamgruppe blieb Kortisol bis zum Narkosebeginn unter den Ausgangswerten. Schlußfolgerungen. Herzfrequenz und Blutdruck sowie humorale Streßparameter zeigen, daß Midazolam in einer Dosierung von 0,2 mg/kg zu einer Streßreduktion bei Kindern führt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: neonatal rat cardiomyocyte culture ; sarcoplasmic reticulum ; phospholamban ; calcium ATPase ; calcium transport ; thyroid hormone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study investigates sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium-(Ca2+) transport ATPase (SERCA2a) and phospholamban (PLB) in cultured spontaneously contracting neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (CM) to ascertain the function of both SR proteins under various culture conditions. The two major SR proteins were readily detectable in cultured CM by immunofluorescent microscopy using specific anti-SERCA2 and anti-PLB antibodies. Double labeling technique revealed that PLB-positive CM also labeled with anti-SERCA2. Coexpression of SERCA2 and PLB in CM was supported by measurement of cell homogenate oxalate-supported Ca2+ uptake which was completely inhibited by thapsigargin and stimulated by protein kinase A-catalyzed phosphorylation. Under serum-free conditions, incubation of CM with the SERCA2a expression modulator 3,3′,5-triiodo-L-thyronine (100 nM, 72 h) resulted in elevated Ca2+ uptake of +33%. Specific Ca2+ uptake activity was not altered if insulin was omitted from the serum-free culture medium but total SR Ca2+ transport activity was reduced under this culture condition. The results indicate that primary culture of spontaneously contracting neonatal rat CM can be employed as a useful model system for investigating both short- and long-term mechanisms determining the Ca2+ re-uptake function of the SR under defined culture conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: heart ; postnatal development ; sarcoplasmic reticulum ; phospholamban ; calcium transport ; spontaneously hypertensive rats ; growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This comparative study investigates the relationship between sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium(Ca2+)-ATPase transport activity and phospholamban (PLB) phosphorylation in whole cardiac homogenates of spo`ntaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and their parent, normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) strain during early postnatal development at days 1, 3, 6, 12 and at day 40 to ascertain any difference in SR Ca2+ handling before the onset of hypertension. At day 1, the rate of homogenate oxalate-supported Ca2+ uptake was significantly higher in SHR than in WKY (0.25 ± 0.02 vs 0.12 ± 0.01 nmoles Ca2+/mg wet ventricular weight/min, respectively; p 〈 0.001). This interstrain difference disappeared with further developmental increase in SR Ca2+ transport. Western Blot analysis and a semiquantitative ELISA did not reveal any difference in the amount of immunoreactive PLB (per mg of total tissue protein) between strains at any of the ages studied. In addition, levels of phosphorylated PLB formed in vitro in the presence of radiolabelled ATP and catalytic (C) subunit of protein kinase A did not differ between SHR and WKY at days 1, 3, 6 and 12. At day 40, C subunit-catalyzed formation of 32P-PLB was reduced by 66% (p 〈 0.001) in SHR when compared to age-matched WKY In the early postnatal period between day 1 and 12 SR Ca2+-transport values were linearly related to the respective 32P-PLB levels of both SHR and WKY rats. The results indicate that cardiac SR of SHR can sequester Ca2+ at a much higher rate immediately after birth compared to WKY rats. The disappearance of this interstrain difference with further development suggests that some endogenous neuroendocrine or nutritional factor(s) from the hypertensive mother may exert an influence upon the developing heart in utero resulting in a transiently advanced maturation of the SR Ca2+ transport function in SHR pups at the time of birth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: atria ; thyroid hormones ; β-adrenergic effect ; sarcoplasmic reticulum ; phospholamban
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This paper discusses the mechanisms of two basic effects of thyroid hormones on atrial responses to β-adrenergic agonists, i.e. increased inotropic sensitivity and decreased maximal contractile responsiveness. The increased sensitivity of atria to β-adrenergic agonists under thyroid hormones appears to be related to increases in β-adrenoceptor density and Gs/Gi protein ratio, leading to activation of Gs-mediated pathway, but suppression of Gi-mediated pathway of adenylate cyclase regulation. Therefore, the i/c concentrations of cAMP and corresponding inotropic responses achieve their maximums at lower doses of β-adrenergic agonist. Thyroid hormones also decrease the expression of phospholamban, but increase the expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca+2-pump. As a result, the basal activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca+2-pump increases, but its β-adrenergic activation through phosphorylation of phospholamban decreases. It is suggested that these changes are causal for decreased maximal inotropic and lusitropic responses of atria to β-adrenergic agonists.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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