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  • 1
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    The AlpArray Seismic Network: A Large-Scale European Experiment to Image the Alpine Orogen (2018)
    Springer
    In:  Surveys in Geophysics, 39 (5). pp. 1009-1033.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: The AlpArray programme is a multinational, European consortium to advance our understanding of orogenesis and its relationship to mantle dynamics, plate reorganizations, surface processes and seismic hazard in the Alps–Apennines–Carpathians–Dinarides orogenic system. The AlpArray Seismic Network has been deployed with contributions from 36 institutions from 11 countries to map physical properties of the lithosphere and asthenosphere in 3D and thus to obtain new, high-resolution geophysical images of structures from the surface down to the base of the mantle transition zone. With over 600 broadband stations operated for 2 years, this seismic experiment is one of the largest simultaneously operated seismological networks in the academic domain, employing hexagonal coverage with station spacing at less than 52 km. This dense and regularly spaced experiment is made possible by the coordinated coeval deployment of temporary stations from numerous national pools, including ocean-bottom seismometers, which were funded by different national agencies. They combine with permanent networks, which also required the cooperation of many different operators. Together these stations ultimately fill coverage gaps. Following a short overview of previous large-scale seismological experiments in the Alpine region, we here present the goals, construction, deployment, characteristics and data management of the AlpArray Seismic Network, which will provide data that is expected to be unprecedented in quality to image the complex Alpine mountains at depth.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: video
    Format: other
    Format: other
    Format: other
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/s10712-018-9472-4
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 2
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    Arrival angles of teleseismic fundamental mode Rayleigh waves across the AlpArray (2019)
    Wiley
    In:  Geophysical Journal International, 218 (1). pp. 115-144.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: The dense AlpArray network allows studying seismic wave propagation with high spatial resolution. Here we introduce an array approach to measure arrival angles of teleseismic Rayleigh waves. The approach combines the advantages of phase correlation as in the two-station method with array beamforming to obtain the phase-velocity vector. 20 earthquakes from the first two years of the AlpArray project are selected, and spatial patterns of arrival-angle deviations across the AlpArray are shown in maps, depending on period and earthquake location. The cause of these intriguing spatial patterns is discussed. A simple wave-propagation modelling example using an isolated anomaly and a Gaussian beam solution suggests that much of the complexity can be explained as a result of wave interference after passing a structural anomaly along the wave paths. This indicates that arrival-angle information constitutes useful additional information on the Earth structure, beyond what is currently used in inversions.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1093/gji/ggz081
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    Ambient-noise tomography of the wider Vienna Basin region (2018)
    Wiley
    In:  Geophysical Journal International, 215 (1). pp. 102-117.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: We present a new 3-D shear-velocity model for the top 30 km of the crust in the wider Vienna Basin region based on surface waves extracted from ambient-noise cross-correlations. We use continuous seismic records of 63 broad-band stations of the AlpArray project to retrieve interstation Green’s functions from ambient-noise cross-correlations in the period range from 5 to 25 s. From these Green’s functions, we measure Rayleigh group traveltimes, utilizing all four components of the cross-correlation tensor, which are associated with Rayleigh waves (ZZ, RR, RZ and ZR), to exploit multiple measurements per station pair. A set of selection criteria is applied to ensure that we use high-quality recordings of fundamental Rayleigh modes. We regionalize the interstation group velocities in a 5 km × 5 km grid with an average path density of ∼20 paths per cell. From the resulting group-velocity maps, we extract local 1-D dispersion curves for each cell and invert all cells independently to retrieve the crustal shear-velocity structure of the study area. The resulting model provides a previously unachieved lateral resolution of seismic velocities in the region of ∼15 km. As major features, we image the Vienna Basin and Little Hungarian Plain as low-velocity anomalies, and the Bohemian Massif with high velocities. The edges of these features are marked with prominent velocity contrasts correlated with faults, such as the Alpine Front and Vienna Basin transfer fault system. The observed structures correlate well with surface geology, gravitational anomalies and the few known crystalline basement depths from boreholes. For depths larger than those reached by boreholes, the new model allows new insight into the complex structure of the Vienna Basin and surrounding areas, including deep low-velocity zones, which we image with previously unachieved detail. This model may be used in the future to interpret the deeper structures and tectonic evolution of the wider Vienna Basin region, evaluate natural resources, model wave propagation and improve earthquake locations, among others.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1093/gji/ggy259
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Swiss-AlpArray temporary broadband seismic stations deployment and noise characterization (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-26
    Description: Abstract. AlpArray is a large collaborative seismological project in Europe that includes more than 50 research institutes and seismological observatories. At the heart of the project is the collection of top-quality seismological data from a dense network of broadband temporary seismic stations, in compliment to the existing permanent networks, that ensures a homogeneous station coverage of the greater Alpine region. This Alp Array Seismic Network (AASN) began operation in January 2016 and will have a duration of at least 2 years. In this work we report the Swiss contribution to the AASN, we concentrate on the site selection process, our methods for stations installation, data quality and data management. We deployed 27 temporary broadband stations equipped with STS-2 and Trillium Compact 120 s sensors. The deployment and maintenance of the temporary stations across 5 countries is managed by ETH Zurich and it is the result of a fruitful collaboration between five institutes in Europe.
    Description: Published
    Description: 15–29
    Description: 1IT. Reti di monitoraggio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 5
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Arrival angles of teleseismic fundamental mode Rayleigh waves across the the AlpArray (2019)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-30
    Description: The dense AlpArray network allows studying seismic wave propagation with high spatial resolution. Here we introduce an array approach to measure arrival angles of teleseismic Rayleigh waves. The approach combines the advantages of phase correlation as in the two-station method with array beamforming to obtain the phase-velocity vector. 20 earthquakes from the first two years of the AlpArray project are selected, and spatial patterns of arrival-angle deviations across the AlpArray are shown in maps, depending on period and earthquake location. The cause of these intriguing spatial patterns is discussed. A simple wave-propagation modelling example using an isolated anomaly and a Gaussian beam solution suggests that much of the complexity can be explained as a result of wave interference after passing a structural anomaly along the wave paths. This indicates that arrival-angle information constitutes useful additional information on the Earth structure, beyond what is currently used in inversions.
    Description: Published
    Description: 115–144
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 6
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The AlpArray Seismic Network: A Large-Scale European Experiment to Image the Alpine Orogen (2019)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-12-05
    Description: The AlpArray programme is a multinational, European consortium to advance our understanding of orogenesis and its relationship to mantle dynamics, plate reorganizations, surface processes and seismic hazard in the Alps–Apennines–Carpathians–Dinarides orogenic system. The AlpArray Seismic Network has been deployed with contributions from 36 institutions from 11 countries to map physical properties of the lithosphere and asthenosphere in 3D and thus to obtain new, high-resolution geophysical images of structures from the surface down to the base of the mantle transition zone. With over 600 broadband stations operated for 2 years, this seismic experiment is one of the largest simultaneously operated seismological networks in the academic domain, employing hexagonal coverage with station spacing at less than 52 km. This dense and regularly spaced experiment is made possible by the coordinated coeval deployment of temporary stations from numerous national pools, including ocean-bottom seismometers, which were funded by different national agencies. They combine with permanent networks, which also required the cooperation of many different operators. Together these stations ultimately fill coverage gaps. Following a short overview of previous large-scale seismological experiments in the Alpine region, we here present the goals, construction, deployment, characteristics and data management of the AlpArray Seismic Network, which will provide data that is expected to be unprecedented in quality to image the complex Alpine mountains at depth.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1009–1033
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Seismology ; Alps ; Seismic network ; Geodynamics ; Seismic imaging ; Mountain building
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 7
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    Investigation of the Central Adriatic lithosphere structure with the AlpArray-CASE seismic experiment (2019)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-03-27
    Description: The tectonics of the Adriatic microplate is not well constrained and remains controversial, especially at its contact with the Dinarides, where it acts as the lower plate. While the northern part of the Adriatic microplate will be accurately imaged within the AlpArray project, its central and southern parts deserve detailed studies to obtain a complete picture of its structure and evolution. We set up the Central Adriatic Seismic Experiment (CASE) as a AlpArray Complementary Experiment with a temporary seismic network to provide high-quality seismological data as a foundation for research with state-of-the-art methods and high-precision seismic images of the controversial area. The international AlpArray-CASE project involves four institutions: the Department of Earth Sciences and the Swiss Seismological Service of ETH Zürich (CH), the Department of Geophysics of the Faculty of Science at the University of Zagreb (HR), the Republic Hydrometeorological Service of the Republic of Srpska (BIH) and Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (I). The established temporary seismic network will be operational for at least 18 months. It combines existing permanent and temporary seismic stations operated by the involved institutions together with newly deployed temporary seismic stations, installed in November and December 2016, managed by ETH Zürich and INGV: five in Croatia, four in Bosnia and Herzegovina and one in Italy. We present our scientific aims and network geometry as well as the newly deployed stations sites and settings. In particular, the new stations show favourable noise level (power spectral density estimates). The new network improves considerably the theoretical ray coverage for ambient noise tomography and the magnitude threshold shown in the Bayesian magnitude of completeness threshold map.
    Description: Swiss-AlpArray SINERGIA project CRSII2_154434/1 by Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF). VELEBIT project funded by the Croatian Science Foundation, grant HRZZ IP-2014-09-9666
    Description: Published
    Description: 103-128
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: 1IT. Reti di monitoraggio e sorveglianza
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: AlpArray ; Adriatic microplate ; Dinarides ; lithosphere ; seismic networks ; noise level
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 8
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    The 2014 Earthquake Model of the Middle East: seismogenic sources (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-24
    Description: The Earthquake Model of Middle East (EMME) project was carried out between 2010 and 2014 to provide a harmonized seismic hazard assessment without country border limitations. The result covers eleven countries: Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Georgia, Iran, Jordan, Lebanon, Pakistan, Syria and Turkey, which span one of the seismically most active regions on Earth in response to complex interactions between four major tectonic plates i.e. Africa, Arabia, India and Eurasia. Destructive earthquakes with great loss of life and property are frequent within this region, as exemplified by the recent events of Izmit (Turkey, 1999), Bam (Iran, 2003), Kashmir (Pakistan, 2005), Van (Turkey, 2011), and Hindu Kush (Afghanistan, 2015). We summarize multidisciplinary data (seismicity, geology, and tectonics) compiled and used to characterize the spatial and temporal distribution of earthquakes over the investigated region. We describe the development process of the model including the delineation of seismogenic sources and the description of methods and parameters of earthquake recurrence models, all representing the current state of knowledge and practice in seismic hazard assessment. The resulting seismogenic source model includes seismic sources defined by geological evidence and active tectonic findings correlated with measured seismicity patterns. A total of 234 area sources fully cross-border-harmonized are combined with 778 seismically active faults along with background-smoothed seismicity. Recorded seismicity (both historical and instrumental) provides the input to estimate rates of earthquakes for area sources and background seismicity while geologic slip-rates are used to characterize fault-specific earthquake recurrences. Ultimately, alternative models of intrinsic uncertainties of data, procedures and models are considered when used for calculation of the seismic hazard. At variance to previous models of the EMME region, we provide a homogeneous seismic source model representing a consistent basis for the next generation of seismic hazard models within the region.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3465-3496
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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