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  • 2015-2019  (55)
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  • 1
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    Next Generation European Research Vessels: Current Status and Foreseeable Evolution (2019)
    European Marine Board
    In:  EPIC3Ostend, Belgium, European Marine Board, 140 p., ISBN: 978-94-92043-79-5
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-11
    Description: The European research vessel fleet plays a vital role in supporting scientific research and development not just in Europe but also across the globe. This document explores how the fleet has developed since the publication of the European Marine Board Position Paper 10 (EMB PP 10) "European Ocean Research Fleets – Towards a Common Strategy and Enhanced Use" (Binot et al., 2007). It looks at the current fleet and its equipment and capabilities (Chapter 2), the deep sea (Chapter 3) and Polar regions (Chapter 4) as study areas of ever- increasing importance for science and for the vessels that explore them, the role that research vessels play in the wider ocean observing landscape (Chapter 5), the importance of training personnel for research vessels (Chapter 6), and considers management of the European research vessel fleet (Chapter 7). This Position Paper considers what has changed since 2007, what the status is in 2019, and future directions for the European fleet, with a 10-year horizon to 2030. This Position Paper finds that the current European research vessel fleet is highly capable, and is able to provide excellent support to European marine science and wider scientific research and can lead on the world stage. However, with a typical life expectancy of a research vessel of 30 years, the fleet is ageing and urgently requires further investment and reinvestment to continue to be as efficient and capable as the scientific community expects and requires. The capabilities of the fleet have increased considerably since 2007, and vessels have kept up with fast-paced technological developments. The demand for complex and highly capable vessels will continue, and research vessel designs and the fleet as a whole will need to keep pace in order to remain fit-for-purpose and continue to be a key player globally. There is huge diversity in vessel types and designs in terms of capabilities and equipment, management structures and processes, and training possibilities. While it would not be possible or appropriate to highlight any one approach as the only one to use, a growing trend in collaboration through community groups, agreements, legal entities and funded projects now enables more strategic thinking in the development of these vital infrastructures. However, some issues remain in enabling equal access to research vessel time for all researchers across Europe regardless of country, and regardless of whether or not that country owns a suitable research vessel for their scientific needs.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Book , peerRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    A revision of Scleria (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar (2019)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 64 no. 3, pp. 195-213
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-12
    Description: A taxonomic revision of the genus Scleria (Cyperoideae, Cyperaceae) in Madagascar is presented. Herbarium specimens have been examined and 422 identified to species level. Our results recognise 25 species of Scleria from Madagascar, plus an additional heterotypic variety. Eight species are endemic to Madagascar, two are near endemic, eight taxa are also found on mainland Africa, and eight are widespread tropical taxa. Scleria achtenii is reported from Madagascar for the first time, and S. rosea is accepted at species level instead of being considered as a synonym of S. trialata. Distribution maps, conservation assessments, and notes on synonymy, ecology and ethnobotany are provided. Fourty-seven names are typified. Three rare endemic species: S. andringitrensis, S. madagascariensis and S. perpusilla, are assessed as threatened; and a recently described species, S. ankaratrensis, is indicated as Data Deficient. The most species-rich infrageneric taxa, sections Hypoporum, Abortivae and Foveolidia include 18 taxa in total, and showed strong differences in habitat preference.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; conservation ; Cyperaceae ; endemic species ; identification key ; Madagascar ; revision ; Scleria
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    Segmented Hellenic slab rollback driving Aegean deformation and seismicity (2016)
    Wiley
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters, 43 (2). pp. 651-658.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The NE dipping slab of the Hellenic subduction is imaged in unprecedented detail using teleseismic receiver function analysis on a dense 2-D seismic array. Mapping of slab geometry for over 300 km along strike and down to 100 km depth reveals a segmentation into dipping panels by along-dip faults. Resolved intermediate-depth seismicity commonly attributed to dehydration embrittlement is shown to be clustered along these faults. Large earthquakes occurrence within the upper and lower plate and at the interplate megathrust boundary show a striking correlation with the slab faults suggesting high mechanical coupling between the two plates. Our results imply that the general slab rollback occurs here in a differential piecewise manner imposing its specific stress and deformation pattern onto the overriding Aegean plate.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/2015GL066818
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    P-Selectin Inhibition Therapeutically Promotes Thrombus Resolution and Prevents Vein Wall Fibrosis Better Than Enoxaparin and an Inhibitor to von Willebrand Factor [Basic Sciences] (2015)
    American Heart Association (AHA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-26
    Description: Objective— Aptamers are oligonucleotides targeting protein–protein interactions with pharmacokinetic profiles and activity reversal options. Although P-selectin and von Willebrand factor (vWF) have been implicated in the development of venous thrombosis (VT), no studies have directly compared aptamer efficacy with standard of care in VT. In this study, ARC5692, an anti-P-selectin aptamer, and ARC15105, an anti-vWF aptamer, were compared with low–molecular-weight heparin, enoxaparin, to test the efficacy of P-selectin or vWF inhibition in promoting thrombus resolution and preventing vein wall fibrosis, in a baboon model of VT. Approach and Results— Groups were as follows: treatment arm: animals received P-selectin or vWF aptamer inhibitors or enoxaparin (n=3 per group). Controls received no treatment (n=3). Prophylactic arm: animals received P-selectin inhibitor (n=4) or vWF inhibitor (n=3). Treatment arm: P-selectin-inhibitor demonstrated a significant improvement in vein recanalization by magnetic resonance venography (73% at day 21), and significantly decreased vein wall collagen, compared with all groups. Anti–P-selectin equaled enoxaparin in maintaining valve competency by ultrasound. All control animals had compromised valve competency post thrombosis. Prophylactic arm: animals receiving P-selectin and vWF inhibitors demonstrated improved vein recanalization by magnetic resonance venography versus controls (80% and 85%, respectively, at day 21). Anti–P-selectin protected iliac valve function better than anti-vWF, and both improved valve function versus controls. No adverse bleeding events were observed. Conclusions— The P-selectin inhibitor aptamer promoted iliac vein recanalization, preserved valve competency, and decreased vein wall fibrosis. The results of this work suggest that P-selectin inhibition maybe an ideal target in the treatment and prophylaxis of deep VT, warranting clinical trials.
    Keywords: Deep vein thrombosis
    Print ISSN: 1079-5642
    Electronic ISSN: 1524-4636
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by American Heart Association (AHA)
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  • 5
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    Animal models of VT: to change or not to change? (2015)
    American Society of Hematology (ASH)
    In: Blood
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-06
    Keywords: Free Research Articles
    Print ISSN: 0006-4971
    Electronic ISSN: 1528-0020
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by American Society of Hematology (ASH)
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  • 6
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    Crustal thickness and images of the lithospheric discontinuities in the Gibraltar arc and surrounding areas (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-31
    Description: The Gibraltar arc and surrounding areas are a complex tectonic region and its tectonic evolution since Miocene is still under debate. Knowledge of its lithospheric structure will help to understand the mechanisms that produced extension and westward motion of the Alboran domain, simultaneously with NW–SE compression driven by Africa–Europe plates convergence. We perform a P -wave receiver function analysis in which we analyse new data recorded at 83 permanent and temporary seismic broad-band stations located in the South of the Iberian peninsula. These data are stacked and combined with data from a previous study in northern Morocco to build maps of thickness and average v P / v S ratio for the crust, and cross-sections to image the lithospheric discontinuities beneath the Gibraltar arc, the Betic and Rif Ranges and their Iberian and Moroccan forelands. Crustal thickness values show strong lateral variations in the southern Iberia peninsula, ranging from ~19 to ~46 km. The Variscan foreland is characterized by a relatively flat Moho at ~31 km depth, and an average v P / v S ratio of ~1.72, similar to other Variscan terranes, which may indicate that part of the lower crustal orogenic root was lost. The thickest crust is found at the contact between the Alboran domain and the External Zones of the Betic Range, while crustal thinning is observed southeastern Iberia (down to 19 km) and in the Guadalquivir basin where the thinning at the Iberian paleomargin could be still preserved. In the cross-sections, we see a strong change between the eastern Betics, where the Iberian crust underthrusts and couples to the Alboran crust, and the western Betics, where the underthrusting Iberian crust becomes partially delaminated and enters into the mantle. The structures largely mirror those on the Moroccan side where a similar detachment was observed in northern Morocco. We attribute a relatively shallow strong negative-polarity discontinuity to the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary. This means relatively thin lithosphere ranging from ~50 km thickness in southeastern Iberia and northeastern Morocco to ~90–100 km beneath the western Betics and the Rif, with abrupt changes of ~30 km under the central Betics and northern Morocco. Our observations support a geodynamic scenario where in western Betics oceanic subduction has developed into ongoing continental subduction/delamination while in eastern Betics this process is inactive.
    Keywords: Geodynamics and Tectonics
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 7
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    The Extracellular Wall-Bound {beta}-N-Acetylglucosaminidase from Lactobacillus casei Is Involved in the Metabolism of the Human Milk Oligosaccharide Lacto-N-Triose [Genetics and Molecular Biology] (2016)
    The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-08
    Description: Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are considered to play a key role in establishing and maintaining the infant gut microbiota. Lacto- N -triose forms part of both type 1 and type 2 HMOs and also of the glycan moieties of glycoproteins. Upstream of the previously characterized gene cluster involved in lacto- N -biose and galacto- N -biose metabolism from Lactobacillus casei BL23, there are two genes, bnaG and manA , encoding a β- N -acetylglucosaminidase precursor and a mannose-6-phosphate isomerase, respectively. In this work, we show that L. casei is able to grow in the presence of lacto- N -triose as a carbon source. Inactivation of bnaG abolished the growth of L. casei on this oligosaccharide, demonstrating that BnaG is involved in its metabolism. Interestingly, whole cells of a bnaG mutant were totally devoid of β- N -acetylglucosaminidase activity, suggesting that BnaG is an extracellular wall-attached enzyme. In addition to hydrolyzing lacto- N -triose into N -acetylglucosamine and lactose, the purified BnaG enzyme also catalyzed the hydrolysis of 3'- N -acetylglucosaminyl-mannose and 3'- N -acetylgalactosaminyl-galactose. L. casei can be cultured in the presence of 3'- N -acetylglucosaminyl-mannose as a carbon source, but, curiously, the bnaG mutant strain was not impaired in its utilization. These results indicate that the assimilation of 3'- N -acetylglucosaminyl-mannose is independent of BnaG. Enzyme activity and growth analysis with a manA -knockout mutant showed that ManA is involved in the utilization of the mannose moiety of 3'- N -acetylglucosaminyl-mannose. Here we describe the physiological role of a β- N -acetylglucosaminidase in lactobacilli, and it supports the metabolic adaptation of L. casei to the N -acetylglucosaminide-rich gut niche.
    Print ISSN: 0099-2240
    Electronic ISSN: 1098-5336
    Topics: Biology
    Published by The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
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  • 8
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    Recommendations for somatic and germline genetic testing of single pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma based on findings from a series of 329 patients (2015)
    BMJ Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-24
    Description: Background Nowadays, 65–80% of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) cases are explained by germline or somatic mutations in one of 22 genes. Several genetic testing algorithms have been proposed, but they usually exclude sporadic-PPGLs (S-PPGLs) and none include somatic testing. We aimed to genetically characterise S-PPGL cases and propose an evidence-based algorithm for genetic testing, prioritising DNA source. Methods The study included 329 probands fitting three criteria: single PPGL, no syndromic and no PPGL family history. Germline DNA was tested for point mutations in RET and for both point mutation and gross deletions in VHL , the SDH genes, TMEM127 , MAX and FH . 99 tumours from patients negative for germline screening were available and tested for RET , VHL , HRAS , EPAS1 , MAX and SDHB. Results Germline mutations were found in 46 (14.0%) patients, being more prevalent in paragangliomas (PGLs) (28.7%) than in pheochromocytomas (PCCs) (4.5%) (p=6.62 x 10 –10 ). Somatic mutations were found in 43% of those tested, being more prevalent in PCCs (48.5%) than in PGLs (32.3%) (p=0.13). A quarter of S-PPGLs had a somatic mutation, regardless of age at presentation. Head and neck PGLs (HN-PGLs) and thoracic-PGLs (T-PGLs) more commonly had germline mutations (p=2.0 x 10 –4 and p=0.027, respectively). Five of the 29 metastatic cases harboured a somatic mutation, one in HRAS . Conclusions We recommend prioritising testing for germline mutations in patients with HN-PGLs and T-PGLs, and for somatic mutations in those with PCC. Biochemical secretion and SDHB-immunohistochemistry should guide genetic screening in abdominal-PGLs. Paediatric and metastatic cases should not be excluded from somatic screening.
    Keywords: Editor's choice, Genetic screening / counselling, Epidemiology
    Print ISSN: 0022-2593
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-6244
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BMJ Publishing Group
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  • 9
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    Selective and inducible proteolysis in cells [Cell Biology] (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-08
    Description: Cellular demolition during apoptosis is completed by executioner caspases, that selectively cleave more than 1,500 proteins but whose individual roles are challenging to assess. Here, we used an optimized site-specific and inducible protease to examine the role of a classic apoptotic node, the caspase-activated DNase (CAD). CAD is activated when...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 10
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    The deep roots of the western Pyrenees revealed by full waveform inversion of teleseismic P waves (2016)
    Geological Society of America (GSA)
    In: Geology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-24
    Description: Imaging the architecture of mountain roots is required to understand the support of topography and for kinematic reconstructions at convergent plate boundaries, but is still challenging with conventional seismic imaging approaches. Here we present a three-dimensional model of both compressional and shear velocities in the lithosphere beneath the western Pyrenees (southwest Europe), obtained by full waveform inversion of teleseismic P waves. This tomographic model reveals the subduction of the Iberian crust beneath the European plate, and the European serpentinized subcontinental mantle emplaced at shallow crustal levels beneath the Mauléon basin. The rift-inherited mantle wedge acted as an indenter during the Pyrenean convergence. These new results provide compelling evidence for the role of rift-inherited structures during mountain building in Alpine-type orogens.
    Print ISSN: 0091-7613
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2682
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of America (GSA)
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