Note: Front Cover -- Studies in Natural Products Chemistry -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1: Metabolic Syndrome: Preventive Effects of Dietary Flavonoids -- Introduction -- Classification and Properties of Flavonoids -- Metabolic Syndrome Criteria and Pathologic Characteristics -- Effect of Flavonoids on Metabolic Syndrome: Epidemiological Research -- Obesity -- Cardiovascular Disease -- Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus -- Hypertension -- Dyslipidemia -- Arteriosclerosis -- Preventive Effects of Flavonoids on Vascular Endothelial Cell Dysfunction In Vitro -- Flavones (Apigenin and Naringenin) -- Isoflavones (Genistein, Puerarin, S-Equol) -- Flavonols (Quercetin) -- Flavan-3-ols (Epigallocatechin Gallate) -- Anthocyanins (Anthocyanin and Anthocyanidin) -- Conclusion -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 2: An Overview of Synthetic and Semisynthetic Flavonoid Derivatives and Analogues: Perspectives in Drug Discovery -- Introduction -- Synthetic/Semisynthetic Flavonoid Derivatives With Antiviral Activity -- Anti-HIV Agents -- Anti-Coxsackievirus B3 -- Synthetic/Semisynthetic Flavonoid Derivatives With Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity -- Synthetic/Semisynthetic Flavonoid Derivatives With Antiparasitic Activity -- Synthetic/Semisynthetic Flavonoid Derivatives With Anti-Alzheimer Activity -- Multitarget-Directed Agents -- Selective Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors -- Beta Secretase 1 Inhibitors -- Synthetic/Semisynthetic Flavonoid Derivatives With Antidepressant Activity -- Synthetic/Semisynthetic Flavonoid Derivatives With Antiinflammatory Activity -- Synthetic/Semisynthetic Flavonoid Derivatives With Antidiabetic Activity -- Synthetic/Semisynthetic Flavonoid Derivatives With Antiobesity Activity -- Synthetic/Semisynthetic Flavonoid Derivatives With Cardioprotective Activity. , Catecholamine Release Inhibitors and β-Adrenergic Receptor Blockers -- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors -- XO Inhibitors -- Other Mechanisms -- Synthetic/Semisynthetic Flavonoid Derivatives With Hepatoprotective Activity -- Synthetic/Semisynthetic Flavonoid Derivatives With Anticancer Activity -- Protein Kinase Inhibitors -- Tubulin Inhibitors -- Other Enzyme Inhibitors -- Conclusion -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 3: Therapeutic Potentials of the Most Studied Flavonoids: Highlighting Antibacterial and Antidiabetic Functionalities -- Introduction -- Classification and Chemical Structure of Flavonoids and Other Polyphenols -- Biosynthesis of Flavonoids -- Storage Sites of Flavonoids -- Most Studied Flavonoids -- Solubility of Flavonoids -- Extraction Methods -- Antioxidant Activity -- Prooxidant Activity -- Bioavailability of Flavonoids -- Risks and Safety -- Molecular Targets -- Effect on Diabetes -- Flavonoids as Antibacterial Agents -- Flavonoids as Vitamins? -- Therapeutic Perspective for Generating New Drugs -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 4: Synthesis of N-Linked Carbaoligosaccharides: Total Synthesis of Antibiotic Validamycins and Related Compound -- Introduction -- Carbasugars and Pseudo-sugars -- Nomenclature -- NMR Studies -- N-Linked Carbaoligosaccharides and Aminocarbasugars -- Carbahexopyranoses From Diels-Alder endo-Adduct of Furan and Acrylic Acid -- Synthesis of Aminocarbasugars -- Synthesis of Validamine and Its Isomers -- Synthesis of Hydroxyvalidamine -- Synthesis of Valienamine and Its Isomers -- Synthesis of Valiolamine -- Synthesis of N-Linked Carbadisaccharides -- Synthesis of 1-epi-Validoxylamine A (Method 1) -- Synthesis of 2-epi-Validoxylamine A (Method 2) -- Synthesis of 2-Deoxyvalidoxylamine B (Method 3) -- Synthesis of Validoxylamine B (Method 3). , Synthesis of Validoxylamine A -- Route 1 (Method 3) -- Route 2 (Method 4) -- Synthesis of (+)-Validoxylamine G (Method 3) -- Synthesis of (+)-Salbostatin (Method 3) -- Synthesis of N-Linked Dicarba-α,α-trehaloses -- Bis{(+)-validamine} (Methods 3 and 4) -- Bis{(+)-valienamine} (Method 3) -- Bis{(+)-Valiolamine} (Method 3) -- Synthesis of Validamycins -- Formal Synthesis of (+)-Validamycin A -- Total Synthesis of (+)-Validamycin B -- Route 1 -- Route 2 -- Total Synthesis of (+)-Validamycins A, E, and H -- Total Synthesis of (+)-Validamycin C -- Total Synthesis of (+)-Validamycin F -- Route 1 -- Route 2 -- Total Synthesis of (+)-Validamycin D -- Prospect -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 5: Siderophores: Amazing Metabolites of Microorganisms -- Introduction -- Siderophore Types -- Hydroxamate Siderophores -- Catecholate Siderophores -- Carboxylate Siderophores -- Uses of Siderophores -- Siderophore Analysis by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry -- Screening of New Siderophores -- Fresh and See Water -- Soil Environment -- Genomic Approach -- Inhibition of Siderophore Biosynthesis Pathways -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6: Sources, Chemistry, and Biological Potential of Ellagitannins and Ellagic Acid Derivatives -- Introduction -- Structure, Dietary Sources, and Consumption -- Digestion and Absorption -- Bioactivity -- Cancer -- Cardiovascular Disease -- Diabetes -- Neurological Disorders -- Inflammation -- Other Diseases -- Conclusion Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 7: Antigenotoxic Potential of Some Dietary Non-phenolic Phytochemicals -- Introduction -- Main Genotoxic Agents and Their DNA-Damaging Effects -- Physical Genotoxicants -- Chemical Genotoxicants -- Other Chemical Genotoxic Agents -- Biological Genotoxicants -- Antigenotoxic Properties of Organosulfur Compounds. , Glucosinolates and Isothiocyanates -- Thioalkyl ITCs -- Thioalkenyl ITCs -- Alkenyl ITCs -- Aromatic ITCs -- Allium Organosulfur Compounds -- Antigenotoxic Properties of Terpenoids and Volatile Phenylpropanoids -- Monoterpenoids -- Carvacrol -- Limonene -- Eucalyptol -- Citral -- Borneol -- Volatile Phenylpropanoids -- Anethole -- Eugenol -- Triterpenoids -- Antigenotoxic Properties of Polysaccharides -- Conclusion -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 8: In Vitro Biosynthesis of Polyphenols in the Presence of Elicitors and Upregulation of Genes of the Phenylpropa ... -- Introduction -- In Vitro Callus Culture as a Source of Secondary Metabolites -- Use of Plant Growth Regulators -- Use of Elicitors -- Precursor Feeding -- General Description of the Genus Plantago -- Origin and Natural Habitat of P. ovata -- Production and Role in Indian Economy -- Pharmacological Activity -- Laxative Effect -- Effect on Blood Lipids and Cholesterol Levels -- Antidiabetic Activity -- Effect on Hemorrhoids -- Effect on Ulcerative Colitis -- Antidiarrheal Activity -- Effect on Inhibition of Carcinogenesis -- Plantago as a Source of Secondary Metabolites Including Polyphenols -- Different Types of Polyphenols -- Phenolic Acids -- Lignans -- Stilbenes -- Flavonoids -- Flavones, Flavonols, Flavanones, and Flavanonols -- Overview of the Phenylpropanoid Pathway -- Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase -- Control of PAL Expression -- Chalcone Synthase -- Control of CHS Expression -- Dihydroflavonol-4-reductase -- Control of DFR Expression -- Polyphenol Oxidase -- Regulation of PPO Expression in the Presence of Plant Growth Regulators and Elicitors -- Relation Between Polyphenol Production and Induction of Major Genes (PAL, CHS, DFR) on the Phenylpropanoid Pathway During I ... -- Quantitation of Specific Polyphenols in Callus Culture of P. ovata by HPLC Analysis. , Structural Analysis of PAL and CHS -- Prediction of Putative Protein Structure and Homology Modeling -- Structure Prediction and Homology Modeling of Partial Sequence of DFR -- Structure Prediction and Homology Modeling of Partial Sequence of PPO -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 9: Role Phytochemicals Play in the Activation of Antioxidant Response Elements (AREs) and Phase II Enzymes and Th ... -- Introduction -- Causes and Major Risk Factors for Increase in Global Cancer Incidence -- Cancer Chemoprevention -- Mechanisms of Action of Natural Products Involved in Cancer Chemoprevention -- Antioxidant Phytochemicals That Inhibit Cancer Initiation -- Role of Nrf2 in Cancer Chemoprevention by Phytochemicals -- Nrf2, Inflammation, and Cancer Chemoprevention -- The Role of Plants and Their Phytochemicals in Relation to Cancer Progression and Prevention -- Plant Extracts -- Chrysanthemum zawadskii and Glycyrrhiza uralensis -- Camellia sinensis -- Rubus fruticosus -- Acanthopanax senticosus -- Phyllanthus emblica -- Phytochemicals -- Flavonoids and Related Compounds -- Polyphenolic Compounds -- Terpenoids -- Sulfur-Containing Compounds -- Miscellaneous Compounds and Compounds From Microbial and Marine Sources -- Conclusions and Prospects -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 10: Chemical Diversification of Natural Product Extracts -- Introduction -- Chemically Engineered Extracts With Increased Nitrogen Content -- Chemically Engineered Extracts With Increased Halogen Content -- Chemically Engineered Extracts With Increased Sulfur Content -- Chemically Engineered Extracts Using Solvent Reactions -- Chemically Engineered Extracts Produced by Oxidation, Reduction, and Epoxidation Reactions -- Related Processes -- Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- References. , Chapter 11: Endophytic Actinomycetes in the Biosynthesis of Bioactive Metabolites: Chemical Diversity and the Role of Med.

Note: Front Cover -- Studies in Natural Products Chemistry -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1: Fungal Metabolites as Promising New Drug Leads for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease -- Introduction -- Strategies for Obtaining New AChE Inhibitors From Fungi -- OSMAC Approach -- Epigenetic Induction -- High-Throughput Screening -- Genetic Engineering -- AD Pathogenesis -- Amyloid Hypothesis -- Tau Hypothesis -- Cholinergic Hypothesis -- Pharmacological Therapy -- Tacrine -- Donepezil -- Rivastigmine -- Galantamine -- Huperzine A -- Memantine -- Other Therapeutic Approaches and Their Status -- Antibody-Based Immunotherapeutic Approach Against β-Amyloid Fragments -- γ-Secretase Complex Target -- Correlation Between AD and Cholesterol Metabolism -- Fungal Metabolites Active in AD -- Bioactive Natural Products From Endophyte Fungi -- AChE Inhibitors Isolated From Fungi of the Penicillium Genus -- AChE Inhibitors Isolated From Lichenic Fungi -- AChE Inhibitors Isolated From Marine-Associated Fungi -- AChE Inhibitors From Macrofungi -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 2: Mushrooms, Seaweed, and Their Derivatives as Functional Feed Additives for Aquaculture: An Updated View -- Introduction -- Antibiotics and Their Effects in Aquaculture -- Functional Feed Additives in Aquaculture -- Mushrooms and Their Derivatives in Aquaculture -- Pleurotus spp. -- Schizophyllum commune -- Coriolus versicolor -- Ganoderma lucidum -- Hericium erinaceum -- Black Hoof Mushroom (Phellinus linteus) -- White Button Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) -- Chaga Mushroom (Innotus obliquus) -- Lentinula edodes -- Mushroom Stalk Waste -- Seaweed and Their Derivatives -- Brown Seaweed -- Sodium/Sodium Alginate -- Fucoidan -- Laminarin -- Brown Seaweed Powder and Extract -- Red Seaweed -- Gracilaria tenuistipitata -- Carrageenan. , Sulfated Galactans -- Low-Molecular-Weight Agar -- Combined Application of Seaweeds -- Research Gaps and Future Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 3: Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery of Natural Compounds and Phytochemicals for the Treatment of Cancer and Oth ... -- Introduction -- Biological Properties of Natural Products -- Natural Product-Based Nanotechnology -- Nanotechnology-Based Natural Compounds With Antibacterial Activity -- Nanotechnology-Based Natural Products for Diseases Treatment -- Nanoencapsulation of Phytochemicals for Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease -- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Nanoformulations of Natural Compounds -- Outlook of Nanotechnology as Applied to Pharmaceuticals -- Therapeutic Benefits of Natural Compounds -- Nanotechnology for Natural Products Against Cancer -- Nanotechnology-Based Therapeutic Applications of Natural Compounds for Cancer -- Biodistribution of Natural Compounds by Nanocarriers -- Issues Concerning Nanocarriers -- Targeting Drug Delivery of Natural Compounds -- Controlled and Selective Release of Natural Compounds -- Nanoparticles to Increase Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of Natural Compounds -- Conclusions -- Future Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 4: Phytochemistry, Chemotaxonomy, Ethnopharmacology, and Nutraceutics of Lamiaceae -- Introduction -- Taxonomy and Etymology -- General Botany -- Distribution -- Phytochemistry -- Essential Oil -- Polar Fraction Metabolites -- Non-volatile Terpenoids -- Lignans -- Flavonoids -- Iridoids -- Phenyl-Ethanoid Glycosides -- Caffeoyl-Quinic Acids -- Phenolic Acids -- Chemotaxonomy -- Subfamily Level -- Genus Level -- Ajugoideae Subfamily -- Callicarpoideae Subfamily -- Cymarioideae Subfamily -- Lamioideae Subfamily -- Nepetoideae Subfamily -- Peronematoideae Subfamily -- Premnoideae Subfamily -- Prostantheroideae Subfamily. , Scutellarioideae Subfamily -- Symphorematoideae Subfamily -- Tectonoideae Subfamily -- Viticoideae (sensu) Subfamily -- Species Level -- Ethnopharmacology -- Ajugoideae -- Callicarpoideae -- Cymarioideae -- Lamioideae -- Nepetoideae -- Peronematoideae -- Premnoideae -- Prostantheroideae -- Scutellarioideae -- Symphorematoideae -- Tectonoideae -- Viticoideae (sensu) -- Actual Issues -- Nutraceutics -- Nepetoideae -- Other Subfamilies -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 5: Moringa oleifera Lam.: A Rich Source of Phytoactives for the Health of Human Being -- Introduction -- Taxonomic Classification and Botanical Description -- Macronutrients and Micronutrients -- Polyphenols -- Glucosinolates and Isothiocynates -- Socioeconomic Relevance of M. oleifera in the Ecosystem -- Economic and Industrial Applications of M. oleifera Products -- M. oleifera as Animal Forage -- Nutritional Properties of the Various Parts of M. oleifera -- Nonnutritional Components -- Plant Growth and Agriculture: A Source of Phytohormones -- Phytohormones: Signaling Molecules in Plants -- Phytohormones in M. oleifera -- Chemical Analysis of Phytohormones -- Potential of M. oleifera Extracts as Biostimulants in Enhancing Plant Growth -- M. oleifera Extracts Support Stress Response in Plants -- Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 6: Protease Inhibitors and Their Applications: An Overview -- Introduction -- Proteases, Their Occurrence, and Their Significance -- Protease Inhibitors -- Classification of PIs -- Serine Protease Inhibitors -- Cystatin Superfamily -- Aspartyl Protease Inhibitors -- Sources of PIs -- Plant PIs -- Animal PIs -- Microbial PIs -- Functional Studies of PIs -- Mechanism of Inhibition -- Purification and Characterization of PIs -- Applications of PIs -- PIs and Crop Protection -- PIs and Therapeutic Medicine. , PIs and Biotechnology Research -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 7: Plant Terpenoids as Lead Compounds Against Malaria and Leishmaniasis -- Introduction -- Malaria -- Background -- Current Antimalarial Drugs and Vaccines Research -- Most Common In Vitro Screening Assays Used for Antimalarial Drug Discovery -- Terpenic Compounds With Antimalarial Activity -- Sesquiterpenes -- Diterpenes -- Triterpenes -- Leishmaniasis -- Background -- Current Antileishmanial Drugs and Vaccines Research -- Most Common In Vitro Screening Assays Used for Antileishmanial Drug Discovery -- Terpenic Compounds With Antileishmanial Activity -- Monoterpenes, Iridoids, and Sesquiterpenes -- Diterpenes -- Triterpenes -- Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 8: Dalea Genus, Chemistry, and Bioactivity Studies -- Introduction -- Dalea Genus -- Chemical and Biological Studies on North and Central American Dalea Species -- Dalea emoryi A. Gray [Syn.: Psorothamnus emoryi (A. Gray) Rydb.] -- Dalea polyadenia F. Heller, and Dalea tinctoria Brandegee ... -- Dalea scandens var. paucifolia (J.M. Coult.) Barneby [Syn.: D. thyrsiflora A. Gray] -- Dalea purpurea Vent. [Syn.: Petalostemon purpureum (Vent.) Rydb] -- Dalea filiciformis B.L. Rob. & -- Greenm [Syn.: Parosela filiciformis (B.L. Rob. & -- Greenm) Rose] -- Dalea carthagenensis var. barbata (Oerst.) Barneby [Syn.: Psoralea carthagenensis Jacq] -- Dalea aurea Nutt. ex Fraser [Syn.: Parosela aurea (Nutt. ex Pursh) Britton] -- Dalea formosa Torr. [Syn.: Parosela formosa (Torr.) Vail] -- Dalea spinosa A. Gray [Syn.: Psorothamnus spinosus (A. Gray) Barneby] -- Dalea searlsiae (A. Gray) Barneby [Syn.: Petalostemon searlsiae A. Gray] -- Dalea frutescens A. Gray [Syn.: Parosela frutescens (A. Gray) Vail Ex Rose] -- Dalea ornata (Hook.) Eaton &. , J. Wright [Syn.: Petalostemon lagopus Rydb] -- Dalea versicolor Zucc. var. sessilis (A. Gray) Barneby [Syn.: Dalea sessilis (A. Gray) Tidestr] -- Dalea greggii A. Gray [Syn.: Dalea fulvosericea (Rydb.) Gentry], Dalea lumholtzii Robins and Fern. [Syn.: Dalea arizonica ( ... -- Dalea foliolosa (Aiton) Barrneby [Syn.: Dalea citriodora (Cav.) Willd] -- Chemical and Biological Studies on South American Dalea Species -- Dalea caerullea L. f. [Accepted Name: Dalea coerulea (L. f.) Schinz & -- Thell] -- Dalea strobilacea Barneby -- Dalea boliviana Britton [Syn.: Dalea calliantha Ulbr] -- Dalea elegans Gillies Ex Hook. & -- Arn. [Syn.: Parosela eosina J.F. Macbr] -- Dalea pazensis Rusby [Syn.: Parosela pazensis (Rusby) J.F. Macbr] -- Discussion -- Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 9: Natural Bioactive Cyclic Peptides and Peptidomimetics -- Introduction -- Naturally Occurring Cyclic Peptides and Peptidomimetics as Antitumor Agents -- Cyclodepsipeptides as Antitumor Agents -- N-Methyl Amino Acid Containing Cyclic Peptides With Antitumor Activity -- Antitumor Natural Cyclic Peptides With Natural and Unnatural Amino Acid Residues -- Natural Antitumor Cyclic Peptides With Disulfide Linkages -- Antimicrobial Natural Cyclic Peptides and Peptidomimetics -- Antibacterial and Antifungal Natural Cyclic Peptides -- Antibacterial and Antifungal Natural Cyclic Lipopeptides and Depsipeptides -- Antibacterial and Antifungal Natural Cyclic Peptides With N-Methyl Linkages -- Antibacterial Natural Cyclic Peptides With Thiazole and Thiazoline Heterocycles -- Antiviral Natural Cyclic Lipopeptides and Cyclodepsipeptides -- Antimalarial Natural Cyclic Peptides and Peptidomimetics -- Antiinflammatory Natural Cyclic Peptides and Peptidomimetics -- Miscellaneous Biological Activities -- Conclusions and Future Directions -- Acknowledgments. , References.

Note: Front Cover -- Studies in Natural Products Chemistry -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1: A Review of Recent Patents Regarding Antithrombotic Drugs Derived From Natural Products -- Introduction -- The Hemostatic System -- Primary Hemostasis -- Secondary Hemostasis -- Hemostasis Control -- Thrombosis -- Drugs to Treat Thrombosis -- Patents -- International Patent Classification and Patent Database -- The Investigation and Searching Strategies -- Patent Analysis -- Sulfated Polysaccharides -- Peptides and Proteins -- Flavonoids -- Saponins -- Polysaccharides -- Terpenes -- Coumarin -- Tannins -- Phenolic Compounds -- Conclusions -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 2: Bioactive Natural Products From the Genus Kalanchoe as Cancer Chemopreventive Agents: A Review -- Introduction -- Overview of Carcinogenesis -- Cancer Epigenetics -- Cancer Chemoprevention -- Chemopreventive Agents -- New Perspectives on Cancer Chemoprevention Research -- Discovery of New Chemopreventive Agents -- Agent Selection -- Biomarkers -- Cohorts -- Trial Design and Endpoints -- Preclinical Studies: In Vitro and In Vivo Assays -- Preclinical Pharmacological and Toxicological Studies -- Clinical Studies -- Phytochemicals With Associated Cancer Preventive Properties -- Cancer Preventive Mechanisms of Phytochemicals -- Signaling Pathways Related to Inflammation, Cell Proliferation, and Apoptosis -- Signaling Pathways Related to Modulation of Oxidative Stress -- Modulation of Cancer Cell Metabolism and Tumor Microenvironment -- Discovery of New Phytochemicals With Chemopreventive Properties -- Genus Kalanchoe (Subgenus Bryophyllum, Crassulaceae) as a Potential Source of Cancer Chemopreventive Agents -- Future Perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- References -- Further Reading. , Chapter 3: Patents on Natural Products for Diagnosing/Preventing/Treating Alzheimer's Disease -- Introduction -- Overview of Alzheimer's Disease -- Alzheimer's Disease: Existing Approaches and Strategies -- Role of Metals in Alzheimer's Disease -- Role of Curcumins in Alzheimer's Disease -- Role of Resveratrol in Alzheimer's Disease -- Connection Between Diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease -- Connection Between Cholesterol and Alzheimer's Disease -- Connection Between Sleep and Alzheimer's Disease -- Connection Between Genetics and Alzheimer's Disease -- Drugs Approved by the US FDA for Treating Alzheimer's Disease -- Patents Focusing on Natural Products for Alzheimer's Disease -- Isolation and Extraction of Natural Products -- Methods for Producing Extracts and Products -- Methods for Producing Extracts and Products Containing Phenols -- Methods for Producing Extracts and Products Containing Diterpenes -- Methods for Producing Extracts and Products Containing Triterpenes -- Synthesis of Natural Products -- Synthesis of Curcumins -- Synthesis of Curcumin -- Synthesis of Bisdemethoxycurcumin -- Synthesis of Phenols -- Synthesis of 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl Acetate -- Synthesis of 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl Stearate -- Synthesis of 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl Oleate -- Synthesis of 2-(3,4-Diacetoxyphenyl)ethyl Acetate -- Synthesis of Diterpenes -- Synthesis of Methyl Hydroxypaspalinate -- Synthesis of Paxizoline -- Synthesis of Cryptotanshinone -- Synthesis of Triterpenes -- Synthesis of 2-Cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-diene-28-nitrile -- Synthesis of Tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranoside -- Synthesis of Oleanonic Acid -- Synthesis of Oleanonic Alcohol -- Synthesis of Oleanonic Aldehyde -- Synthesis of Betulone -- Use of Compounds, Compositions, and Extracts for Diagnosing, Preventing, and Treating Alzheimer's Disease. , Use of Compounds and Compositions Containing Curcumins -- Use of Compounds and Compositions Containing Galantamines -- Use of Compounds and Compositions Containing Phenols -- Use of Compounds and Compositions Containing Diterpenes -- Use of Compounds and Compositions Containing Triterpenes -- Use of Compounds and Compositions Containing Curcumin-Polyphenol Hybrids -- Use of Compounds and Compositions Containing Curcumin-Methylene Blue Hybrids -- Use of Compounds and Compositions Containing Galantamine-Statin Hybrids -- Use of Extracts -- Conclusions -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 4: Cannabinoids: Extraction Methods, Analysis, and Physicochemical Characterization -- Introduction -- Cannabinoid Extraction Methods -- Analytical Techniques for Cannabinoid Determination -- Thin Layer Chromatography -- High-Performance Liquid Chromatography -- Gas Chromatography -- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance -- Physical and Chemical Properties of Cannabinoids -- Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 5: High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry and Biological Properties of Grapevine and Wine Stilbenoids -- Stilbenes in Grape and Vine Tissues -- Biological Properties of Grapevine Stilbenoids -- Antioxidant Activity -- Absorption and Metabolism of Resveratrol -- Antiinflammatory and Vasoprotective Activity of Resveratrol -- Antimutagenic, Antiproliferative, and Anticarcinogenic Activity -- Antimicrobial Activity -- Defense Against Alzheimer's Disease -- Liver Protective Effect -- Other Activities of Stilbenoids -- Study of Grapevine and Wine Stilbenoids by High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry -- Sample Preparation for LC/QTOF Analysis -- LC/QTOF Analysis -- Identification of Stilbenoids by HRMS -- Concluding Remarks -- Abbreviations -- References. , Chapter 6: Raman Spectroscopy: A Key Analytical Tool for New Drugs Research and Development -- Introduction -- Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy: Basic Considerations -- Raman Spectroscopy Identification of the Main Triterpenes of the Lupane Group in Birch Bark (Betula pendula Roth) From Roma ... -- Birch Bark Extraction Products: Raman Spectroscopy Analysis -- Pharmaceutical Formulation of Betulin and Birch Bark Extracts -- Evaluation of Betulin's Therapeutic Effect on Mice Skin by Means of Raman Spectroscopy -- Concluding Remarks -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 7: Chemical and Biological Perspectives of Monoterpene Indole Alkaloids From Rauwolfia species -- Introduction -- The Compounds Isolated from Rauwolfia Species -- Biological Activities -- Antioxidant Activity -- Antiinflammatory Activity -- Antibacterial Activity -- Cytotoxicity -- Anti-Prostate Cancer Activity -- Antitumor Activity Against Pancreatic Cancer -- Cardiac Cellular Action -- Antipsychotic Activity -- Cardioprotective Activity -- Alzheimer's Disease -- Ulcerative Colitis (UC) -- Onchocerciasis -- Antidiabetic Activity -- Larvicidal Activity -- Toxicity -- Renal Dysfunction -- Parkinson's Disease -- Anorexia -- Antihypertensive -- Smooth and Cardiac Muscles -- Cerebral Neurohistology and Behavioral Effects -- Olfaction and the Olfactory Effect -- Antiamoebic Activity and Antifeedant Activity -- Gastric Mucosal Lesions -- Total Synthesis of Some Biologically Important MIAs -- Synthetic Attempts for the Preparation of Reserpine -- The First Total Synthesis of Reserpine -- Woodward's Methodology for the Preparation of Reserpine -- Other Synthetic Reserpine Syntheses -- Pearlman Approach -- Stork Approach -- Fraser-Reid Approach -- Liao Approach -- Hanessian Approach -- Mehta Approach -- Alternative Methods for the Production of Reserpine -- Wender Methodology. , Martin Approach -- Shea Approach -- Synthetic Strategies for Producing Yohimbine -- Van Tamalen Methodology -- Hirai Method -- Aimi Method -- Herlé Method -- Mergott Method -- Synthetic Strategies for Producing Ajmalicine -- Van Tamelen Methodology -- The Synthesis of Allo-Yohimbine -- Synthesis of α-Yohimbine -- The Synthesis of Deserpidine -- The Synthesis of β-Yohimbine -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 8: Alkaloids as Potential Multi-Target Drugs to Treat Alzheimer's Disease -- Introduction -- A Glance at the Neural Targets Considered in This Chapter -- Cholinergic Neurotransmission in the Central Nervous System -- Failure of Cholinergic Neurotransmission in Alzheimer's Disease -- Amyloid Cascade: The Neurotoxicity of Amyloid Beta Plaques -- Tau Hypothesis: Microtubule Disruption as a Consequence of Tau Protein Hyperphosphorylation -- Neuroinflammation and Neuroprotection -- Alkaloids as Potential Multi-target Drugs to Treat Alzheimer's Disease -- Inhibitors of Cholinesterase and Aβ Aggregation -- Inhibitors of Cholinesterase and Tau Protein -- Inhibitors of Cholinesterase, Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Damage -- Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 9: Whole-Cell Bioconversion of Citrus Flavonoids to Enhance Their Biological Properties -- Introduction -- Biological Activities -- Enhancement of Biological Activities -- Whole-Cell Bioconversion -- Kinetics and Engineering Aspects -- The Screening -- The Kinetics -- The Mass Transport Mechanisms -- RSM -- An Overview of Bioreactor Designs -- Conclusions -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 10: Microbiological In Vivo Production of CLNA as a Tool in the Regulation of Host Microbiota in Obesity Control -- Introduction -- Agentic Initiatives -- Structural Strategies: Food Taxes and the Danish Case. , Are Food Taxes Useful?.

Note: Front cover -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1: Metabolic Screening of Wine (Grapevine) Resveratrol -- Introduction -- Resveratrol Concentration in Grapes and Wine -- Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetics -- Antimicrobial Activity -- Antimicrobial Activity of Wine -- Metabolic Engineering of Resveratrol in Plants and Microorganisms -- Analysis -- Soft Ionization MS -- Liquid Chromatography-MS -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 2: Sweet Cherry Phenolic Compounds: Identification, Characterization, and Health Benefits -- Introduction -- Phenolic Composition of Sweet Cherries -- Nonflavonoids -- Phenolic Acids -- Flavonoids -- Flavonols -- Flavan-3-ols -- Anthocyanins -- Flavones, Flavanones, and Flavanonols -- Flavones -- Flavanones -- Flavanonols -- Determination of Phenolics in Sweet Cherries -- Storage Conditions -- Sample Preparation -- Phenolic Extraction Procedures -- Purification and Fractionation -- Methods to Determine Phenolic Compounds -- Spectrophotometric Methods -- Liquid Chromatographic Methods -- Stationary Phase -- Mobile Phase -- Characterization of Phenolic Compounds by HPLC Methods -- Health Benefits of Sweet Cherries -- Antimicrobial and Antifungal Activities -- Antioxidant Capacity -- In Vitro Assays -- Radical Scavenging Capacity -- Reducing Power -- Chelating Ability -- In Vivo Assays -- Antiinflammatory Protection -- Anticancer Activity -- Antidiabetic Capacity -- Neuroprotection -- Cardiovascular Protection -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 3: Phenolic Compounds: A Good Choice Against Chronic Degenerative Diseases -- Introduction -- Main BCs in Plants -- Phenolic Compounds -- Flavonoids -- Potential Health Effects -- Phenolic Acids -- Potential Health Effects -- Tannins -- Potential Health Effects. , Coumarins -- Potential Health Effects -- Lignans -- Potential Health Effects -- Potential Toxicity -- Final Remarks -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 4: Recent Developments in the Quest for Novel Microbial Natural Products -- Introduction -- Classical Approach of Microbial NP Discovery -- Exploring Microbes From Unique Ecological Habitats -- NPs From Cave Microbes -- NPs From Marine Microbes -- NPs From Symbiotic Microorganisms -- NPs From Endophytic Fungi -- Single-Cell Genomics in Microbial NPsDiscovery -- Use of Diverse Culture Conditions -- NPs From Environmental DNA (e-DNA) -- Activation of Cryptic Pathways -- Cocultures -- Use of Environmental Cues -- Use of Abiotic Stressors -- Awakening of Biosynthetic Pathway Activators, Silencing of Repressors, and Use of Strong Promoters -- RNA Polymerase Transcriptional and Ribosome Translational Engineering -- Epigenetic Approaches -- Emerging Dereplication Approaches -- Summary -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 5: Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids as Multifunctional Secondary Metabolites in Cyanobacteria: From Biochemical to Ap ... -- Introduction -- Basic Description of MAAs -- Discovery of MAAs -- Basic Characteristics of MAAs -- Distribution of MAAs -- Molecular Structure of MAAs -- General Structure of MAAs -- Resonance Delocalization in the Molecular Structure of MAAs -- The Effects of Environmental Factors on the Molecular Structure of MAAs -- Determination of the Molecular Structure of MAAs -- Biosynthetic Pathway of MAAs -- Biosynthetic Pathway of 4-Deoxygadusol, the Common Precursor Compound of MAAs -- Gene Clusters for Biosynthesis of MAAs -- Regulations -- Effects of UVR -- Effects of Salt and Thermal Stresses -- Effects of Nutrient Availability -- Biological Activities and Functions -- Photoprotectant and Sunscreen Functions -- Antioxidant and Antiinflammation -- Other Functions. , Potential Applications -- Recent Patents Related to MAAs -- Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 6: Basic and Clinical Studies With Marine LipoFishins and Vegetal Favalins in Neurodegeneration and Age-Related D ... -- Introduction -- LipoEsar (E-SAR-94010) -- HepatoSar -- CabyMar (E-CAB-94011) -- DefenVid (E-JUR-94013) -- AntiGan (E-Congerine-10423) -- MineraXin (E-MHK-0103) -- Atremorine (E-PodoFavalin-15999) -- Conclusions -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 7: Terpenoids as Emerging Therapeutic Agents: Cellular Targets and Mechanisms of Action against Protozoan Parasites -- Introduction -- Chemistry of Terpenoids -- Mechanisms of Action Involving Interaction With Specific Parasite Enzymes and Other Macromolecules -- Terpenoids Interfere With DNA Metabolism -- Terpenoids Interact With Calcium Transporters -- Terpenoids Inhibit Fatty Acid Metabolism -- Terpenoids Inhibit Parasite Proteases -- Terpenoids Interact With Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase -- Terpenoids Inhibit Biosynthesis of Other Structurally Similar Compounds in Parasites -- Terpenoids Induce Oxidative Stress in Parasites -- Terpenoids Induce Morphological and Ultrastructural Changes in Parasites -- Cell Membrane Disruption -- Ultrastructural Changes -- Terpenoids Arrest Parasites Cell Cycle -- Terpenoids Interactions With Parasites Proteins as Predicted In Silico -- Terpenoids Mediate Parasite Killing by the Host -- Future Direction -- Concluding Remarks -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 8: Bioactive Sesquiterpene Coumarins From Plants -- Introduction -- Structure Type and Important Representatives -- Subtype A: Umbelliferone-Derived SCs -- Subtype A-1 Umbelliferone-Chain Sesquiterpene -- Subtype A-2 Umbelliferone-Monocyclic Sesquiterpene -- Subtype A-3 Umbelliferone-Bicyclic Sesquiterpene. , Subtype B: Scopoletin-Derived SCs -- Subtype C: Isofraxidin-Derived SCs -- Subtype D: Other Type SCs -- Physical and Chemical Properties and Spectral Characteristics for Identification -- Physical and Chemical Properties -- Spectral Characteristics of SCs -- Biological Activities -- Antitumor Activity -- Antiinflammatory Activity -- Antibacterial and Antivirus Activities -- Antiparasitic Activity -- Biosynthetic Pathway and Biotransformation -- Biosynthetic Pathway -- Biotransformation -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 9: Assessing Herb-Drug Interactions of Herbal Products With Therapeutic Agents for Metabolic Diseases: Analytical ... -- Introduction: Herb-Drug Interactions (HDIs) -- Mechanisms of HDIs -- Pharmacokinetic Interactions -- Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes (DMEs) -- Drug Transporters (DTs) -- Pharmacodynamic Interactions -- Chemical Complexity in NPs -- Novel In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Approaches in HDI Screening -- In Silico Prediction of HDIs -- In Vitro Screening of HDIs -- Protein-Binding Studies -- Metabolism Studies -- CYP Phenotyping by Chemical Inhibition Assay -- Phase II Conjugation Metabolism Study -- Metabolism Study Using Hepatocytes -- Transporter Assays -- Caco-2 Assay -- In Vivo HDI Screening -- Analytical Tools in HDI Screening -- Fluorometric High-Throughput Screening (HTS) Assays -- Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry in HDIs Screening -- Metabolic Disorders -- A Study on HDIs of Diabetes -- A Study on HDIs in CVDs -- Current Regulatory Scenario in DI Reporting of HPs -- Conclusion and Future Perspective -- Acknowledgments -- Conflict of Interest -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 10: Natural Products for the Management of Diabetes -- Introduction -- Natural Products Which Control Glucose Absorption -- Serotonin Derivatives -- Butyl-isobutyl-phthalate -- Allium sativum and Allium cepa. , Elatosides E and F -- Bauhinia candicans and Bauhinia forficata -- Natural Products Which Control GLP-1 Homeostasis -- Monounsaturated Fatty Acid -- Fructans -- Natural Products Which Improve β-Cell Function -- Anacardium occidentale -- Gymnema sylvestre -- Polyynes and Bidens pilosa -- Silymarin -- Nymphayol -- Kinsenoside -- Conophylline -- Carica papaya and Pandanus amaryllifolius -- Picrorhiza kurroa -- Morus alba -- Natural Products Which Improve Insulin Sensitivity -- Astragalus Polysaccharides and Astragalus -- Lychee -- Fenugreek -- Cinnamon -- Gastrodia elata -- Dioscorea and Its Polysaccharides -- Blueberry and Anthocyanins -- Amorfrutins -- Psidium guajava -- Antidiabetic Natural Products With Multiple Mechanisms -- Resveratrol -- Quercetin -- Aspalathin/Rutin Mixture -- Genistein and Glyceollins -- Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol -- Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate and Chinese Tea -- Gingerol and Ginger -- Dicaffeoylquinic Acids and Mate -- Curcumin -- Berberine -- Capsaicin -- Bitter Melon -- Ginseng -- Aloe vera -- Coffee -- Tinospora cordifolia -- Pterocarpus marsupium -- Ocimum sanctum -- Murraya koeingii -- Ficus benghalensis -- Syzygium densiflorum -- Examples of Clinical Trials on Antidiabetic Plants and Natural Products -- G. sylvestre (Gurmar) -- Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek) -- M. charantia (Bitter Melon) -- Ginseng Species -- Turmeric -- Tea and Catechins -- Soybean -- Sage -- Guava -- Coffee -- Cocoa and Flavanols -- Cinnamon -- Caper -- Banaba and Corosolic Acid -- Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) -- Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 11: Limonoids: Structure-Activity Relationship Studies and Anticancer Properties -- Introduction -- SAR and Anticancer Activity -- Concluding Remarks -- Abbreviations -- References. , Chapter 12: Anticancer Potential of Flavonoids: Chemistry, Biological Activities, and Future Perspectives.

Note: Intro -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- List of Contributors -- Organocatalytic α-hydroxylation or α-aminoxylation of Carbonyl Compounds -- Armando Talavera-Alemán1, Rosa E. del Río1, Christine Thomassigny*, 2 and Christine Greck2 -- INTRODUCTION -- FUNCTIONALISATION OF ALDEHYDES AND KETONES -- α-Aminoxylation Reactions with Nitrosobenzene or Derivatives -- First Publications: the "Classical Method" -- Generalities -- α-Aminoxylation Reactions in Aqueous Media -- α-Aminoxylation Reactions in Ionic Liquids -- α-Aminoxylation Reactions in Continuous Flow Systems -- Oxidative α-C-H N,O-ketalization of Ketone -- α-Oxybenzoylation Reactions -- α-Aminoxylation Reactions with TEMPO -- First Publications: the "Classical Method" -- TEMPO α-aminoxylation Reactions Without Metal -- Electrochemical Oxidation -- Organophotocatalysis -- Singlet Oxygen -- Α-FUNCTIONALISATION OF 1,3-DICARBONYL COMPOUNDS -- CONCLUSION -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Achmatowicz Rearrangement Derived Synthons, and their Relevant Bioinspired Chemistry -- Grzegorz Grynkiewicz* -- INTRODUCTION -- NATURAL PRODUCTS CONTAINING SIX-MEMBERED OXYGEN RING SUB-STRUCTURES -- FURYL CARBINOLS AND THEIR REARRANGEMENTS -- ACHMATOWICZ REARRANGEMENT -- REAGENTS, CONDITIONS, AND PROCEDURES -- SOME SYNTHETICALLY USEFUL TRANSFORMATIONS OF PYRANOSULOSES GENERATED VIA AR -- APPLICATIONS OF THE ACHMATOWICZ REARRANGEMENT TO TOTAL SYNTHESES OF NATURAL PRODUCTS -- MONOSACCHARIDES -- NON-CARBOHYDRATE NATURAL PRODUCTS -- AR-DERIVED PYRANOSULOSES AS VERSATILE GLYCOSYLATION AND GLYCO-CONJUGATION SYNTHONS -- CONCLUSIONS -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTERESTS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- ABBREVIATIONS -- REFERENCES -- Recent Advances in the Synthesis of N-Glycosyl Compounds -- Nuno M. Xavier1,2,* and Rafael Nunes1,2,3 -- INTRODUCTION. , Free Glycosylamines and their N-alkyl and N-aryl Glycosyl Compounds -- N-Glycosylhydroxylamines and Alkoxyamines -- N-Glycosylamino Acids -- N-Glycosylamides -- N-Glycosylsulfonamides, -sulfamides and -sulfinamides -- N-Glycosylhydrazines -- N-Glycosylphosphoramidates and -phosphonamidates -- N-Glycosylimines and -imides -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Acidic and Basic Functionalized Ionic Liquid Systems for Advanced Synthesis of Five and Six Membered Nitrogenates Heterocycles -- Pinky Gogoi1, Susmita Saikia1, Arup Kumar Dutta2 and Ruli Borah*, 1 -- INTRODUCTION ON IONIC LIQUID SYSTEMS -- Different Classification of Ionic Liquids -- 1. Based on Number of Cation -- 2. Based on Type of Anion -- 3. Based on Acidity -- 4. Based on Physical Properties -- SUSTAINABLE ORGANIC SYNTHESIS AND FUNCTIONALIZED IONIC LIQUIDS -- ADVANTAGES OF ONE-POT PROTOCOL IN ORGANIC REACTIONS -- USE OF FUNCTIONALIZED IONIC LIQUIDS IN ONE-POT SYNTHESIS OF FIVE MEMBERED N- HETEROCYCLES -- Pyrroles -- Pyrazoles -- Imidazoles -- USE OF FUNCTIONALIZED IONIC LIQUIDS IN ONE-POT SYNTHESIS OF SIX MEMBERED N-HETEROCYCLES -- Pyridines -- Quinolines -- Acridines -- Pyrimidines -- CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPES -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- Mesoporous SBA-15: A Superior Heterogeneous Catalytic Support for Multicomponent Organic Synthesis -- Diganta Bhuyan1, Mrinal Saikia1,2, Pallab Kumar Saikia1 and Lakshi Saikia1,2,* -- INTRODUCTION -- SURFACE MODIFICATIONS OF MESOPOROUS SILICA MATERIALS -- Grafting Methods -- Grafting with Passive Surface Groups -- Grafting with Reactive Surface Groups -- Site-selective Grafting -- Co-condensation Reactions -- MESOPOROUS SBA-15 AS SUPPORT OR HOST. , Encapsulation of Nanoparticles on Mesoporous SBA-15 Support for Catalytic Application -- Immobilization of Transition Metal Complexes/Salts and Organic Species on Functionalized Mesoporous SBA-15 Support for Catalytic Application -- Immobilization of Heteropolyacids on Functionalized Mesoporous SBA-15 Support for Catalytic Application -- MULTICOMPONENT REACTIONS -- Three Component Coupling -- A3 Coupling Reaction -- Biginelli Reaction -- Mannich Reaction -- Some Other Three Component Coupling Reactions -- Four Component Reaction/Pseudo Four Component Reaction -- CONCLUSION -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- SUBJECT INDEX.

Note: Cover -- Title -- EUL -- Contents -- Preface -- List of contributor -- Section A -- Chapter 01 -- Chapter 02 -- Sention B -- Chapter 03 -- Chapter 04 -- Section C -- Chapter 05 -- Chapter 06 -- Index -- Back Cover.

Note: Intro -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- List of Contributors -- Catalytic Tandem Reactions Triggered by the Introduction of a Carbonyl Function -- Pascal D. Giorgi and Sylvain Antoniotti* -- INTRODUCTION -- OXIDATION/HETERONUCLEOPHILE ADDITION -- OXIDATION/C-NUCLEOPHILE ADDITION -- OXIDATION/SOPHISTICATED REACTIONS -- CARBONYL INSTALLATION/REACTIONS -- CONCLUSION -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Synthetic Applications of Bifunctional Knölker Type Iron Complexes as (De)hydrogenation Catalysts -- Raffaella Ferraccioli* -- INTRODUCTION -- HYDROGENATION -- Knölker's Iron Complex: Direct and Transfer Hydrogenation Reactions -- Switching Fe/OH Complex to Fe/SiH Complex: Transfer Hydrogenation of Alkyne and Alkene -- In Situ Generated Knölker Type Iron Complexes -- (Cyclopentadienone)Iron Tricarbonyl Complexes: Direct Hydrogenation of Carbonyl Compounds -- (Cyclopentadienone)Iron Tricarbonyl Complexes: Bicarbonate and CO2 Hydrogenation -- Nitrile-Ligated (Cyclopentadienone)Iron Dicarbonyl Complexes: Hydrogenation of Carbonyl Compounds -- Hydrogenation under Water Gas Shift Reaction (WGSR) Conditions -- (Cyclopentadienone)Iron Tricarbonyl Complex: Aldehyde Reduction -- Heterobimetallic Knölker Type Complex: Benzaldehyde Reduction -- ASYMMETRIC HYDROGENATION -- Chiral Iron Complexes: Hydrogenation of C=O Bond -- Combining Achiral Knölker's Complex and Chiral Additive: Hydrogenation of C=N Bond -- DEHYDROGENATION -- Knölker's Iron Complex: Alcohol Dehydrogenation -- (Cyclopentadienone) Iron Complexes: Alcohol Dehydrogenation -- METHODS BASED ON DEHYDROGENATIVE ALCOHOL ACTIVATION -- Borrowing Hydrogen Methodology -- Carbon-Nucleophile: Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation -- Nitrogen-Nucleophile: Carbon-Nitrogen Bond Formation -- Heterocycle Synthesis via C-C and C-N Bond Formation. , Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Alcohols -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Superelectrophilic Activation of Alkynes, Alkenes, and Allenes -- Aleksander V. Vasilyev1,2,* -- INTRODUCTION -- Superelectrophilic Activation of Alkynes -- Superelectrophilic Activation of Alkenes -- Superelectrophilic Activation of Conjugated Enynones -- Superelectrophilic Activation of Allenes -- Superelectrophilic Activation of Trifluoromethyl Substituted Alkynes and Alkenes -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chitosan and its Derivatives: Synthesis Strategy and Applications -- Tecia V. Carvalho1, Raphaela V. Barreto2, Alysson L. Angelim3, Samantha Pinheiro Costa3, Walderly M. Bezerra4, Francisco E. A. Melo5, Afrânio A. Craveiro1, Gloria Maria Marinho da Silva Sampaio6, Gilberto Dantas Saraiva7, Vicente de Oliveira Sousa Neto8, Vania M.M. Melo4 and Ronaldo Ferreira do Nascimento9,* -- INTRODUCTION -- Source of Chitin and Chitosan in Nature -- Chitosan Properties -- Synthesis of Chitosan Derivatives -- Chitosan and its Derivatives: Antimicrobial Activity -- Importance of the Degree of Deacetylation (DD) of Chitosan -- Antimicrobial Action by Chelating Capacity of Chitosan -- Toxicity of Chitosan and Chitosan Derivatives -- Environmental Application of Chitosan - Derivatives -- Entrapment of Bacterial Strains into Chitosan Beads for Bioremediation Application -- Entrapment of Cells in Chitosan Beads -- Chitosan/Derivatives for the Bioremediation of Oil-Polluted Seawater -- Chitosan: Alternative Application as Coagulation Aid -- Chitosan/Metal Oxides Nanocomposites -- Chitosan: A Versatile Biocompatible Polymer -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES. , Synthesis of N-Containing Heterocycles via Hypervalent Iodine(III)-Mediated Intramolecular Oxidative Cyclization -- Jiyun Sun1, Daisy Zhang-Negrerie1, Yunfei Du1,2,* and Kang Zhao1,* -- THREE-MEMBERED RING -- 2H-Azirine -- Aziridine -- Four-membered Ring -- Azetidines -- Four-membered β-Lactam -- Five-membered Ring -- Pyrrole Derivatives -- Indole Derivatives -- Azoles -- Six-membered Ring -- Seven-membered Ring -- Spiro- and Fused- Heterocycles -- CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVE -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- Advancements in Ionic Liquids for the Formation of Morita Baylis-Hillman Adducts -- Gitanjali Jindal1, Navneet Kaur1,* and Subodh Kumar2 -- INTRODUCTION -- Origin and Features of Morita Baylis-Hillman reaction -- Present Status in Context to Ionic Liquids -- Imidazolium-based Ionic liquids -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- SUBJECT INDEX.

Note: Intro -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- List of Contributors -- Microbial Involvement in the Production of Natural Products by Plants, Marine Invertebrates and Other Organisms -- Lesley-Ann Giddings1,* and David J. Newman2 -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. MARINE-DERIVED BIOACTIVE AGENTS AND MICROBES -- 2.1. Pederin, Mycalamides, Onnamides And Similar Molecules -- 2.1.1. Actual Producers of Pederin-related Molecules -- 2.2. Trabectedin, A Naphthyridinomycin / Tetrahydroisoquinoline Derivative -- 2.2.1. Actual Source of Trabectedin -- 2.3. Didemnins and Aplidine -- 2.4. Bryostatins -- 2.5. Kahalalides -- 2.6. Dolastatins -- 3. PLANT-DERIVED BIOACTIVE AGENTS AND MICROBES -- 3.1. Camptothecins -- 3.2. Taxol -- 3.2. Endophytes and Taxol -- 3.3. Maytansine and Endophytes -- 3.4. Vinca Alkaloids -- 3.5. Aloe-emodin, Emodin and Hypericin -- 3.6. Podophyllotoxin -- 3.7. Homoharringtonine -- 3.8. Artemisinin -- 3.9. Comments on Plant Endophytes -- 4. MICROBES AND TERRESTRIAL ARTHROPODS -- 4.1. Dentigerumycin and Other Agents -- 5. MICROBE-MICROBE INTERACTIONS -- 5.1. Fungi and Bacteria: Rhizoxin and Other Burkholderia-associated Compounds -- 5.2. Mimicking in situ Microbial Interactions -- CONCLUSIONS -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- The Chemical Biology of Natural Product Biosynthesis: Chemical Tools for the Proteomic Analysis of Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetases -- Fumihiro Ishikawa1,* and Hideaki Kakeya2,* -- INTRODUCTION -- Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase Biosynthetic Enzymes -- Adenylation Domains -- Conventional Strategies to Detect and Assess the Enzymatic Activities of the Adenylation Domains in Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetases -- Small-molecule Inhibitors for Adenylation Domains -- Design of Activity-based Probes for Adenylation Domains -- Inhibition Studies of Adenylation Domains -- Labeling Studies of Adenylation Domains. , Profiling Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase Activities -- Profiling of Adenylation Domain Functions in Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetases by Competitive Activity-based Protein Profiling -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives of Oligosaccharides Research -- Henrique S. Arruda1,*, Gustavo A. Pereira1, Martha E. F. Almeida2, Iramaia A. Neri-Numa1, Renata A. S. Sancho1, Gustavo Molina1,3 and Glaucia M. Pastore1 -- INTRODUCTION -- OLIGOSACCHARIDES: DEFINITION, PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES -- CLASSES OF OLIGOSACCHARIDES -- Fructooligosaccharides -- Maltooligosaccharides -- Isomaltooligosaccharides -- Gentiooligosaccharides -- Pectic Oligosaccharides -- Xylooligosaccharides -- Arabinooligosaccharides -- Chitooligosaccharides -- Galactooligosaccharides -- Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides -- Lactosucrose -- Lactulose -- Isomaltulose or Palatinose -- Glycosylsucrose -- Other Classes of Oligosaccharides -- NATURAL SOURCES AND STRATEGIES FOR OBTAINING OLIGOSACCHARIDES -- Oligosaccharides Obtained from Chemical Synthesis -- Depolymerisation of Polysaccharides by Chemical and Physical Processes for the Production of Oligosaccharides -- Biotechnological Production of Oligosaccharides -- Bioproduction of FOS -- Bioproduction of GOS -- General Perspectives for the Bioproduction of Oligosaccharides -- HEALTH BENEFITS OF OLIGOSACCHARIDES -- Effect in the Immune System -- Management of Constipation Symptoms -- The Role of Prebiotics in Gastrointestinal Disorders and Bowel Inflammation -- Effect of NDOs on Mineral Absorption -- Regulation of Glycaemia -- Regulation of Lipidic Metabolism -- Other Functionalities of NDOs -- GENERAL APPLICATIONS IN SCIENCE AND TECNOLOGY -- CONCLUSION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES. , The Treatment of Pain with Topical Sesquiterpenes -- James D. Adams*, Ian S. Haworth, Adriana Coricello, Filomena Perri, Christopher Nguyen, Francesca Aiello, Travis J. Williams and Eric J. Lien -- INTRODUCTION -- The Carpenter Approach to Pain -- Pain Cycle -- Receptor Targets in Pain Control -- Sesquiterpene Chemistry and Pharmacology -- Design of COX2 Inhibitors -- Design of Inhibitors of COX2 Expression -- CONCLUSIONS -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- The Biological Activities and Synthesis of 2,6-Disubstituted Piperidinols -- Yasunao Hattori1 and Hidefumi Makabe2,* -- INTRODUCTION -- BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF 2,6-DISUBSTITUTED PIPERIDINOLS -- 1. Inhibition of Superoxide Anion Production -- 2. Anticonvulsant Activity -- 3. DNA-Damaging Activity -- 4. Antinociceptive Profile -- 5. Neurotoxic Damage -- 6. Antibacterial Activity -- 7. Antiparasitic Activity -- 8. Plant Growth Inhibitory Activity -- 9. Inhibition of Fucosidase -- SYNTHESIS OF 2,6-DISUBSTITUTED PIPERIDINOLS -- 1. Spectaline and Related Compounds -- 2. (−)-Morusimic Acid D and Related Compounds -- 3. (+)-Julifloridine and Related Compounds -- 4. Juliprosine and Related Compounds -- 5. 1-Deoxyfuconijirimycin and Its Analogs -- CONCLUSION -- ABBEREVIATIONS -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Plant Isoflavones, their Impact on Life Sciences, Medicine and Industry -- Grzegorz Grynkiewicz* -- INTRODUCTION -- ISOFLAVONES IN THE POOL OF POLYPHENOLIC SECONDARY METABOLITES - SIMILARITIES AND DISTINCTIONS -- Early Research on Plant Flavonoids -- Development of Modern Analytical Techniques for Phytochemical Studies, Food Analysis and Pharmaceutical Research Involving Isoflavones -- Biogenesis, Biotransformations and Metabolomics of Isoflavones -- Isoflavones as Constituents of Diet -- Bioavailability and Metabolism -- Microbial Biotransformations. , ISOFLAVONES AS PHYTOESTROGENS AND EMERGENCE OF ISOFLAVONE PHARMACOLOGY -- Daidzein -- Genistein -- Ipriflavone -- Phenoxodiol -- Puerarin -- Rotenone -- SOY ISOFLAVONES, THEIR SIGNIFICANCE FOR FOOD AND HEALTHCARE -- CHEMICAL SYNTHESES OF ISOFLAVONES AND THEIR DERIVATIVES -- Transformations of Chalcones -- Coupling of Aromatic and Heterocyclic Synthons -- Derivatization of Natural Isoflavones -- Isotopic Labeling -- Protein Conjugation for Immunoassays -- Synthesis of Metabolites -- Chemical Glycosylation -- CONCLUSIONS -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Natural Benzophenones from Clusiaceae Family: Structural Diversity and Biological Activities -- Ângela Maria Almeida Lima and Róbson Ricardo Teixeira* -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. STRUCTURAL DIVERSITY OF BENZOPHENONES EXTRACTED FROM NATURAL SOURCES -- 2.1. Benzophenones isolated from Clusiaceae family species -- 2.3. Classification of the Benzophenones -- 2.2. Biosynthesis of the Benzophenones -- 3. BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF NATURAL BENZOPHENONES -- 3.1. Leishmanicidal, Trypanocidal and Antiplasmodial Activities -- 3.2. Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, and Antifungal Activities -- 3.3. Anti-HIV and Anti-hepatitis Virus Activities -- 3.4. Anti-inflammatory Activity -- 3.5. Antioxidant Activity -- 3.6. Cytotoxic Activity -- 3.7. Antidepressant, Neuroprotective and Hepatoprotective Activities -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- SUBJECT INDEX.

Note: Intro -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- List of Contributors -- Alternative Models of Cancer Stem Cells: Implications for Translational Oncology -- Vivek Kaushik, Juan Sebastian Yakisich, Neelam Azad and Anand Krishnan V. Iyer* -- INTRODUCTION -- Normal Stem cells, Cancer Stem Cells and Stemness -- Tumor Heterogeneity -- Cancer Biology Models: Historical Overview -- Clonal Evolution Model (CEM) -- Classical Cancer Stem Cell Model (CCSCM) -- Stemness Phenotype Model (SPM) -- Complex System Model (CSM) -- Reprogramming Model (RM) -- Dynamic Cancer Stem Cell Model (DCSCM) -- Plasticity Model (PM) -- The Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in Cancer Plasticity -- Biological Implications: Plasticity, Origin of Intratumoral Heterogeneity and Chemoresistance -- Clinical Implications for Targeted Therapy -- Implications for Therapeutic Development -- Future Directions in Preclinical & -- Clinical Research -- CONCLUSIONS -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Unravelling Mesenchymal Stem Cell Signature in Regenerative Medicine -- Genni Desiato1,2,3, Morris Losurdo1,2, Chiara A. Elia3, Anna Saccomano1 and Silvia Coco1,2,* -- A BIT OF HISTORY TO INTRODUCE REGENERATIVE MEDICINE -- MULTIPOTENT MESENCHYMAL STROMAL CELL POPULATIONS: ISOLATION, PHENOTYPE AND PROPERTIES -- Stemness in Adult Tissues -- The Discovery of Bone Marrow Source of Mesenchymal Stem Cells -- Clarifying Mesenchymal Stem Cells Nomenclature -- Hallmarks For Defining Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells -- Drawing A Map Of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Tissues And Sources -- Are All Mesenchymal Stem Cells Equivalent? -- PARACRINE MODULATION VERSUS TRANSDIFFERENTIATION: REPARATIVE AND IMMUNOMODULATORY FEATURES -- Exploiting Mesenchymal Stem Cell Paracrine Abilities for Tissue Regeneration and Repair -- The Specific Interaction with Cells of the Immune System. , The Specific Interaction of Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Tumorigenic Cells -- EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES AS A TOOL FOR CLINICAL APPLICATIONS -- MSC REGENERATIVE POTENTIAL -- Why Mesenchymal Stem Cells? -- Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Osteogenesis Imperfecta -- Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Osteoarthritis -- Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Acute Kidney Injury -- Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Myocardial Infarction -- Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Wound Healing -- Mesenchymal Stem Cell In Neurodegenerative Diseases -- Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Clinical Trials at a Glance -- GENETICALLY MODIFIED MSCS: TOWARDS INCREASING THEIR THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL -- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Migration and Homing -- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Engineering to Improve their Abilities -- Improvement of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Functionality -- Overexpression of Regulatory Molecules -- CONCLUSION -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Stem Cells in Orthopaedic Injuries -- Bogdan A. Matache1,2, Stephanie C. Petterson1,* and Kevin D. Plancher1,3,4 -- INTRODUCTION -- Osteoarthritis -- Osteochondral Defects -- Osteonecrosis -- Rotator Cuff Tears: Preclinical and Clinical Evidence -- Tendinopathy: Preclinical and Clinical Evidence -- Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears: Preclinical Evidence -- Future Directions -- SUMMARY -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- Stem Cells in Endocrinology: Facts and Future -- Hugo Mendieta Zerón*, Araceli Hinojosa Juárez and Joel Vargas Hernández -- INTRODUCTION -- Hypothalamus and Adenohypophysis -- Thyroid -- Parathyroid -- Pancreas -- Adrenal Gland -- Ovary -- Other Sources of Stem Cells for Endocrine Replacement -- Challenges of Stem Cell Transplantation from iPSCs -- Limitations -- CONCLUSIONS -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES. , Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing Biomaterials -- Nelisa T. Laçin1,*, Murat Demirbilek2 and Volkan Yalman1 -- INTRODUCTION -- Skin Wound Healing: Acute and Chronic Wounds -- Polymer Biomaterials for Wound Healing and the Advantages of their Nanofiber Structure in the Wound Healing Process -- Hydrogels for Wound Healing Systems -- NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC POLYMERS IN WOUND HEALING SYSTEMS -- Polystyrene, Keratins, Polyurethane Foams, Cellulose, Collagen, Alginate -- Silver-containing Hydrogels and their Clinical Use -- NOVEL APPROACHES TO WOUND HEALING -- Wound Dressings with Antimicrobial Activity -- Bioactive Wound Dressings for Biomolecule Delivery -- Bioactive Wound Dressings Incorporated Cells -- CONCLUSION -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- Theoretical Models of Hematopoietic Cell Dynamics Related to Bone Marrow Transplantation -- Radu Precup1,*, Delia Dima2, Ciprian Tomuleasa2,3, Marcel-Adrian Şerban1 and Lorand-Gabriel Parajdi1 -- INTRODUCTION -- Acute Myeloid Leukemia -- Diagnosis of AML -- Therapy-Related Myeloid Neoplasms -- AML Not Otherwise Specified -- Myeloid Sarcoma -- Myeloid Proliferations Related to Down Syndrome -- Stem Cell Transplantation -- MODELING NORMAL-LEUKEMIC CELL DYNAMICS -- The Basic Model -- Alternative Models -- MODELLING ALLOGENEIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION -- The Mathematical Model1 -- Parameter Estimations -- Numerical Simulations -- Equilibria and Stability -- Post-Transplant Correction Therapies -- MODELING AUTOLOGOUS STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION -- First Model: Permanent Cell Damage -- Second Model: Time-Depending Cell Damage -- Third Model: the Case of Damaged Bone Marrow -- CONCLUSIONS -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- SUBJECT INDEX.

Note: Cover -- Title -- EUL -- Contents -- Preface -- List of Contributor -- Chapter 01 -- Chapter 02 -- Chapter 03 -- Chapter 04 -- Chapter 05 -- Bak Cover.