Kurzfassung: This article studies whether firm-level and country-level factors affect to the corporation's debt maturity in case of Vietnam or not. The paper adopts the balance panel data of 267 listed companies on two trading board HOSE and HNX in the period from 2008 to 2015, estimated by FEM, REM, 2SLS and GMM method. To intrinsic factors, research results show that financial leverage and default risk control have high positive statistical significance with the debt maturity, but tangible assets are lower than those factors. In addition, growth opportunities and company quality have negative impacts to the debt maturity. To external factors, the results point out that economic growth, stock market development and governmental regulation's efficiency demonstrate the positive relationship to the debt maturity with fairly low correlation levels. 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Kurzfassung: The Phen-den plant (Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir.) has been widely used in Vietnamese tradional medicine for detoxification, antiseptic, diuretic, anti-inflammation treatments…However, there is still lack of studies on this plant’s antioxidant and in vitro hepatoprotective activities in Vietnam. Recently, the use of liver enzymes such as CYP450 reductase (CPR) in determining the in vitro hepatoprotective activities of potential compounds, which are originated from herbal plants, is increasing based on its high efficiency and short duration. Furthermore, the other in vitro assays such as DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazylhydrate) scavenging, inhibition of lipid peroxidation (MDA) are popularly employed for determination of antioxidant activities. With the success in isolation of CPR from Saccharomyces cerevisiae WR1A2 strain (5 litres/batch), we set up the assay for screening potential samples which could be able to induce CPR for in vitro hepatoprotective action. The obtained results from this CPR screening assay showed the similarity to those of other popular antioxidant assays such as DPPH or MDA. The resulted from our assay showed that the water extract of Phen-den plant had the highest ability to induce CPR supporting the hepatoprotective activities. Also, the water extract, EtOAc extract and total extract exhibited very strong antioxidant activities through DPPH scavenging assay and inhibition of lipid peroxidation with the SC50 values ranging at 13.84 µg/ml, 37.64 µg/ml, 28.31 µg/ml and the IC50 values ranging at 5.99 µg/ml, 4.77 µg/ml, 27.58 µg/ml, respectively.

Kurzfassung: In this study, in order to enhance the aqueous solubility and to overcome the limitation of curcumin (Cur) in free form, as well as to develop a carrier for transdermal delivery of hydrophobic pharmaceutical agents such as Cur, a sonicated synthetic process of nanocurcumin (nCur) in thermally responsive Chitosan-g-Pluronic (CP) copolymer is disclosed herein. The use of CP copolymer solution as a dispersant medium is a very attractive method to avoid the use of toxic organic solvent and non-biocompatible surfactant. The obtained Cur nanoparticles had a fairly narrow distribution of 8–23 nm. nCur-dispersed CP solution showed good stability with no change in color characteristic and no phase separation after 1 month of storage. Rheological characterization of CP hydrogels had indicated sol-gel transition at the same temperature (35°C). Interestingly, the rate of Cur release for this system can be conveniently modulated as transdermal drug delivery.

Kurzfassung: The essential oil of Citrus microcarpa peels was applied in many fields, and the methods to improve the efficiency of citrus exploitation were increasingly concerned. In this study, citrus essential oil was extracted from calamondin by hydrodistillation. This study was carried out to investigate the factors affecting the distillation of essential oils. The highest performance of the distillation process was 2.45 % with optimal conditions (material-water ratio of 1:3 g/mL, time of 2 h, the temperature of 120 ºC). Moreover, calamondin (Citrus microcarpa) peels oil extract was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The primary compound of calamondin essential oil include limonene 96.925 %, β-myrcene 1.424 %, 1R-α-pinene 0.561 %, cyclohexene 0.343 %, 1R-α-pinene 0.561 % and β-cubebene 0.598 %.